0.75m-주사형 분광기의 제작 및 성능 평가

유지홍 韓南大學校 1991 국내석사

反社會秩序의 法律行爲

유지홍 경북대학교 일반대학원 2007 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to search materialized substances which are realized through Judical Precedents, legislative cases about Judical Act against the Social Order which are prescribed in the Korean Civil Act Article 103 and to present new opinions about problems. The Korean Civil Act Article 103 prescribes that Judical Act against 'a Good Custom, the other Social Orders' is invalid. But a Good Custom is understanded a part of Social Orders, so Judical Act against the Social Order is invalid. This act is invalid as result of violation of the General Weal (the greatest happiness of the greatest number). So since the roman law, the Civil Law of every country prescribes Social Propriety of substance of Judical Act. And Koran Civil Law prescribes this regulation according to the Old Civil Law. The Constitutional Law of the Republic of Korea was legislated, proclaimed in 1948. After that, The codification committee was composed. This committee established a draft of Korean Civil Law in 6.25 korean war. A discussion subcommittee of a draft of the Korean Civil Law finished preliminary discussion in 1957. And the Korean Civil Law was proclaimed in 1958, enforced in 1960. The Korean Civil Law was legislated by way of inclusive suggestion of the Civil Law of Germany, Japan, France, Switzerland, Taiwan, Manchuria. The Civil Act Article 103 succeeded to the Old Civil Law without particular discussion, argument about fundamental substance. The substance of a Good Custom, the other Social Others is not transcendental. it is materialized through accumulation of judical precedents, classification of cases. So the Korean Civil Law has accepted those cases, precedents until it was legislated. German Civil Law refers a Good Custom but not Social Order. In this point, it is different from the Korean Civil Law. French Civil Law has a comparative complicated structure. That is to say, French Civil Act Article 6 prescribes that the regulation of a Public Order. A Good Custom should not be excluded. And if there is not this regulation, French Civil Law consults the foundation of invalidity in French Civil Act Article 1133, an illegality of cause. Japanese Civil Act Article 90 prescribes that the Judical Act against Public Order, a Good Custom is invalid. In this point, it is most similar to the Korean Civil Law. Civil Act Article 103 is nonobjective, inclusive, general regulation. So it regulates the changeable state according to the stream of the times, a place, an age. this general regulation becomes more objective according to more accumulation of judical precedents, more classification of cases. But as Ralph Weber criticized it, depending on only classification, it will laugh at a special case, lead to tyranny of the judicature. Also an important problem is establishment of a principle, standard. In this point of view, the theory of professor, Yamamoto geijou ‘the violation of fundamental rights' have fresh meanings. In comprehension of the Judical Act against Social Order, there is several kind of issues. The first issue is the relation to the three principle of the civil law. Civil Act Article 103 is not the same rank as the civil law, not superior rank to the Civil Law. It is only regulation of validity or invalidity of the Judical Act. The second issue is the relation to the principle of faith and sincerity. Civil Act Article 103 have consequences for objective, general matters, but the principle of faith and sincerity for subjective, individual matters. The former is limited to Judical Act. The latter includes preparations of a contract, parts after performance of a contract. The third issue is the relation between a Good Custom and the other Social Customs. The title of Civil Act Article 103 is 'Judical Act against Social Order' Therefore Social Order includes a good custom. Furthermore the substance of Civil Act Article 103 prescribes a Good Custom and 'the other Social Orders'. Therefore inclusive theory that 'Social Orders' include 'a Good Custom' is correct. The fourth issue is whether Civil Act Article 103 includes 'enforcing regulations' or not. Enforcing regulations are concrete regulation among 'a Good Custom, the other Social Orders'. Civil Act Article 103 don't limit the scope of 'a Good Custom, the other Social Orders'. also Civil Act Article 103 gets ahead of 105. Those point of view, Civil Act Article 103 includes enforcing regulations. For groping of concrete regulations, about discriminative methods between enforcing regulations and the other regulations, there are many theories. Discrimination between enforcing regulations and optional regulations means only in private law. Effective regulations cannot become control regulations. Therefore those points of view, concrete regulations are assorted private regulations and public regulations, private regulations are assorted enforcing regulations and optional regulations. The fifth issue is Aberrant Judical Act. The problem of Aberrant Judical Act can be solved by comprehension of Judical Act. The sixth issue is the relation to Unfair Juristic Act (Civil Act Article 104) Civil Act Article 103 includes Unfair Juristic Act. The most important issue of Judical Act against Social Order are performance for illegal cause which are prescribed in Civil Act Article 746. and the Second Sale on a Thing. Essentially, 'illegal' which is prescribed in Civil Act Article 746, is not equal, not a part of 'a Good Custom, the other Social Orders'. The purpose of Civil Act Article 103 is to be negative not only for performance of Judical Act against Social Order but also for the result of Judical Act against Social Order. Korean common views and judical precedents grasp the meanings of Civil Act Article 103 and 746 unreasonably. The intent of Civil Act Article 103 is to make a condition that there is no Juristic Act against Social Order. Therefore, a performer can claim the return since the Juristic Act is invalid by Civil Act Article 103. Sometimes, these returns make unfairness between the parties concerned. In these case, Civil Act Article 746 is regulation which does not admit these returns. Aivil Act Article 746 is exceptional regulation of Civil Act Article 103. I discoursed upon theories and judical precedents in Japan, France, German about the Second Sale on a Thing. In these countries, theories and judical precedents do not admit that the Second Sale in which the second buyer would lend himself positively is invalid since it is against the Social Order. Civil Act Article 746 is exceptional regulation of Civil Act Article 103. Therefore the Second Sale is valid in principle. but invalid in only some cases. Furthermore, the second buyer is not liable for damage toward the first buyer in principle. When performance is paid for the Second Sale on a Thing which is against the Social Order in Civil Act Article 103. Can the performer demand the return of unjust enrichment? Judical precedent is affirmative for it. Then in the views of theories, majority is affirmative for it. but minority is negative. In my point of view, judging from the attribute of invalidity, it is right that it is affirmative for it. Therefore Civil Act Article 746 should not be applicable to this second sale.

전통마을의 지속가능한 보전을 위한 평가인증 지표개발에 관한 연구

유지홍 계명대학교 대학원 2018 국내박사

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and problems of the existing World Cultural Heritage and Traditional Chinese Village Evaluation Criteria for sustainable preservation of Chinese traditional village and also for the registration of World Cultural Heritage. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, it aims to develop the scientific and systematic indicators to provide solutions to and suggestions for the problems while preserving the value of the traditional villages and their continuous development. We conducted systematic studies to verify the relevance and importance of the evaluation indexes, to extract the indicators for each sector, to verify the fitness of the evaluation models, and to construct the final indicators. First of all, we identified the current situation of and the problems associated with traditional Chinese villages and tried to understand the characteristics of traditional villages. In addition, the contemporary Chinese traditional village evaluation certification index system is compared with the evaluation criteria of the World Cultural Heritage, and the differences between them are identified. Finally, in order to provide solutions to the problems that are anticipated, we have systematized the scientific evaluation certification indicators and suggested effective measures. The development of these evaluation and certification indicators will be an effective evaluation index reflecting the sectoral difference verification, problems and improvement plans. As a result, it is expected that traditional villages can continuously develop through the rational and accurate measurement of indicators. The characteristics of evaluation certification index for sustainable conservation of traditional villages developed in this study are summarized as follows. First, we conducted a comparative analysis through the survey and derived a detailed evaluation index. Based on this, we have established a system of assessment and certification indicators that are hierarchicalized into five levels, focusing on sustainable conservation of traditional villages, including target indicators, sector indicators, quasi-indicators, element indicators, and detailed indicators. Second, the results of the questionnaire analysis with the application of the indicator and the evaluation of experts showed that the evaluation index related to the complementary relationship in the six evaluation areas showed the closest correlation with the grade A (76%). Third, to develop evaluation indicators for sustainable conservation of traditional villages, specific indicators were classified into target indicators, sector indicators, quasi indicators, element indicators, and detailed indicators according to their characteristics. In addition, the evaluation of the World Cultural Heritage in the Chinese traditional village was divided into two categories: tangible and intangible cultural heritages. Fourth, systematic evaluation certification is proposed by scientific, rational, and continuous setting method through technical method of setting priority evaluation factor for evaluation model construction through step analysis. We have combined qualitative evaluation with quantitative evaluation to develop the evaluation index of the world cultural heritage of traditional Chinese village. The model of the evaluation certification index system was constructed by combining the step analysis method and the comprehensive evaluation method for the evaluation certification index system. Fifth, the evaluation criterion of the World Cultural Heritage was compared with the evaluation index of the Chinese traditional village by reflecting the final opinion of the experts on the development of the evaluation index of the traditional village. We made a comprehensive evaluation certification, proposed the method of development of evaluation index for sustainable preservation of traditional village, and established evaluation certification index system. Sixth, we confirmed the problem and improvement plan through the results of case application and indicator verification. Based on the analysis and characterization of 7 traditional villages in China. we propose improvement measures for indicators verification, roles and sustainable functions. As a result, the lack of validity of the developed evaluation and certification indicators may limit their practical application to reality. For an assessment of sustainable conservation in traditional villages academic research should be balanced on the development and utilization of certification indicators. In future studies, it is necessary to revise and supplement the evaluation system and the detailed evaluation index continuously as a basic research in terms of development and systematic evaluation of indicators for sustainable preservation of traditional villages and listing of world cultural heritages. I hope that this research will contribute to the effective listing of the World Cultural Heritage in the future and also to the follow - up study on sustainable conservation of traditional villages. 본 연구는 중국 전통마을의 지속가능한 보전과 세계문화유산 등재를 위하여 현행 세계문화유산 및 중국 전통마을 평가기준의 특성과 문제점을 파악하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 연구배경을 밝히는 한편 문제점 등을 제시하고 이것을 해결하기 위하여 과학적이고 체계적인 지표개발을 지향함으로써 전통마을의 가치를 보전하고 지속적으로 발전시킬 것을 목적으로 하였다. 주요결과인 평가지표의 연관가능성과 중요도 조사결과, 분야별 지표추출 및 평가모형적합도 검증, 최종지표의 구성과 사례적용 및 지표검증을 위해, 다음과 같이 체계적인 연구를 진행하였다. 먼저, 중국 전통마을의 실태를 파악하여 그 문제점을 찾아냈고, 전통마을의 특성을 도출하였다. 또한 현행 중국 전통마을 평가인증 지표체계를 세계문화유산 평가인증 기준과 비교 분석하여 그 특성을 도출하였다. 마지막으로, 예측되는 문제점 해결을 위해 과학적인 평가인증 지표체계화 및 효율적인 대책방안을 제시하였다. 결과적으로 합리적이고도 정확한 지표측정을 통하여 전통마을은 지속적으로 발전할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이에 본 연구에서 개발한 전통마을의 지속가능한 보전을 위한 평가인증 지표의 특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조사를 통해 비교분석을 하고, 세부 평가지표를 도출하였다. 이를 바탕으로 전통마을의 지속가능한 보전에 초점을 두고, 목표지표, 분야지표, 준칙지표, 요소지표, 세부지표 등 5계층으로 위계화된 평가인증 지표체계를 구축하였다. 둘째, 지표 적용 검토와 전문가 평가를 실시하여 설문조사 분석한 결과는 6개 평가분야에서 보완적 관계성 분야에 관련한 평가지표가 A등급(76%)으로 가장 밀접한 연관성을 나타났다. 셋째, 전통마을의 지속가능한 보전에 대한 평가인증 지표개발을 위하여 구체적인 지표는 그 성격에 따라 목표지표, 분야지표, 준칙지표, 요소지표, 세부지표로 분류하였다. 그리고 중국 전통마을 세계문화유산 평가를 유형적과 무형적 문화유산 2가지 평가분야로 구분하였다. 넷째, 단계분석을 통한 평가모형 구축에 대한 우선 평가요소 설정 기술적 방법을 통하여 과학적, 합리적, 지속적 설정 방법으로 체계적인 평가인증을 제시하였다. 이를 통한 중국 전통마을의 세계문화유산 평가인증 지표개발을 위해 정성적 평가와 정량적 평가를 결합하였다. 그리고 평가인증 지표체계에 대한 단계분석법과 종합적 평가방법을 결합하여 평가인증 지표체계의 모형을 구축하였다. 다섯째, 전통마을 세계문화유산의 평가인증 지표개발에 대한 전문가들의 최종 의견을 반영하여 세계문화유산 평가인증 기준과 중국 전통마을 평가인증 지표체계 비교를 실시해 평가체계 구축의 기본적인 구성요소로 이용하였다. 종합적인 평가인증을 가능하게 하여 전통마을의 지속가능한 보전을 위한 평가지표의 개발방법을 제시하고, 평가인증 지표체계를 구축하였다. 여섯째, 사례적용 및 지표검증의 결과를 통한 문제점과 개선방안을 확인하였다. 중국에서 대표적인 전통마을 7개소를 통한 조사 분석 및 특성 총괄을 바탕으로 사례적용 및 지표검증을 진행하고 제시하였으며 지표검증과 역할, 지속가능한 기능에 대해 개선방안을 제안하였다. 이에 따라, 개발된 평가인증 지표의 타당성 부족으로 인해 현실에 사례적용하는 데에 한계가 존재할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 전통마을의 지속가능한 보전에 대한 평가인증 지표개발과 활용에 학문적인 연구가 균형 있게 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구는 전통마을의 지속가능한 보전과 세계문화유산 등재를 위한 지표개발과 체계적 평가 측면에서의 기초적 연구로서, 향후 지속적으로 평가체계와 세부적 평가지표를 수정하고 보완할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이 연구논문이 향후 세계문화유산의 효과적 등재와 전통마을의 지속가능한 보전에 관한 후속연구에 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다.

쇼팽 환상 폴로네이즈 A♭장조 op.61을 중점으로 한 쇼팽 폴로네이즈 연구

유지홍 수원대학교 2023 국내석사

Frederic Chopin(1810-1849), the representative composer of Romantic period in 19th century era, expanded the expression capacity of piano in terms of using melodies, harmonics, and pedals through his composition. Much of Chopin’s music reflect the national characteristics of Poland, and especially in his Polish Dance pieces such as Polonaises and Mazurkas which show distinctive Polish characteristic by using dynamical melodies and rhythms. Chopin composed 18 Polonaise in total and the <Polonaise-Fantasie, Op.61> was the last polonaise written during the period of Chopin’s health condition was getting worse. Looking into Chopin’s <Polonaise-Fantasie, Op.61>, it is observed he exquisitely combined two different genres, Fantasy and Polonaise. This thesis examines the structure of the theme, variations of theme and emotional expression in depth to present using his own musical language. In terms of musical expression, this piece seems to show the emotional process of Chopin from the sad and depressed introduction to splendid coda as if Chopin and the Polish reveal the courage and confidence to overcome the difficulties of that time. As mentioned above <Polonaise-Fantasie, Op.61> is the very last composition of Polonaise series, but also one of the 4 pieces with the name ‘Fantasie’ in the title. Unlike the typical(ABA) form, it takes a relatively free three-part (ABC) form which fits to the title “Fantasie” The five main cantilena themes show motivic associations such as ascending or descending 2nd or dropping 4th and sometimes repeat in different pitches or with rhythmical transformations. In addition, not only Chopin’s own unique musical styles such as brilliant appoggiaturas, chromatic progression leads to dissonance. Modulation through chromatic scale, sustained note, and cadence delay through repetition and reduction of themes reflect Chopin’s compositional style. <Polonaise-Fantasie, Op.61> shows maturity and high degree of perfection in composition technique, which proves its value.

관여도에 따른 일치가설의 광고 효과 연구

유지홍 서강대학교 영상대학원 2002 국내석사

본 연구는 관여도에 따라 일치가설의 변인으로서 광고모델의 신체적 매력성이 광고효과에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가에 대한 문제를 일치가설과 정교화가능성 모델을 토대로 이해하고자 한 것이다. 즉, 모델의 신체적 매력성과 제품의 특성이 일치했을 경우(제품사용이 매력성의 증진을 가지고 온다고 인식하는 경우)와 그렇지 못한 경우(제품사용이 매력성의 증진과 관련이 없는 경우)의 광고효과의 차이가 관여도에 따라 어떻게 달라지는가에 대해 연구하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 정교화 가능성 모델을 토대로 관여도에 따른 일치가설의 효과를 실험을 통해 실증 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 통해 다음과 같은 점을 발견하였다. 첫째, 모델의 신체적 매력성은 제품의 특성과 일치할 경우, 광고회상률, 모델에 대한 태도, 브랜드에 대한 태도에서 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 구매의도에 있어서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서, 모델의 신체적 매력성은 일치가설의 요인으로서 적합하다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 일치성과 상황관여도 사이의 상호작용효과는 브랜드에 대한 태도와 구매의도에서 나타났다. 고관여 상황 하에서는, 모델의 신체적 매력성과 제품이 일치할 경우가 불일치할 경우보다 브랜드에 대한 태도와 구매의도에 있어 더 긍정적으로 나타났으며, 저관여 상황 하에서는 일치여부에 따른 유의미한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. The "match-up hypothesis" (e.g., Kamins 1990) suggests that endorsers are more effective when there is a "fit" between endorser and the endorsed product. Most of the empirical work on the match-up hypothesis has focused on the role of source characters as match-up factors. In previous research, however, there hasn't been a empirical study with regard to the influence of moderating variables on match-up effects. Therefore, The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of involvement on the effectiveness of match-up hypothesis in advertising. This study hypothesizes that there exist the interaction effects between level of match-up(Congruence/Incongruence) and level of consumers' involvement(High/Low), which in turn affects consumers in their attitudes toward advertising and product, their intention to purchase, and their cognition of endorser. In order to test thesis hypotheses this study employs the experimental method. Research findings are as follows. First, Physical attractiveness is appropriate for the match-up factor. An attractive endorser paired with a product used to enhance one's attractiveness is more effective than paired with a product not used to enhance one's attractiveness. Second, there are differences in match-up effects between low and high involvement consumers. High involvement consumers show higher scores in congruence than Low involvement consumers. Third, interaction effects are found in attitude toward brand and purchase intention but no interaction effects are found in cognition of endorser's trustworthiness and expertise.

조사료용 맥류 품종별 생장반응과 혼파재배에 대한 수량 증수 효과

유지홍 충남대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

There are barley, wheat, oat and triticale etc for the over-wintering species for whole crop silage. These small grains have been well-received in korea as high-quality roughage for round-baled silage making as livestock feed. Studies were carried out to understand the growth and productivity curve of four winter cereals, and to evaluated the effects of seed blending with barley and wheat, triticale and oat, respectively. The results are summarized as follows : The ratio of spike weight per plant in barley was outstandingly higher than wheat, triticale and oat. In barley and oat, the ratio of spike weight per plant were linearly increased after heading, but in wheat and triticale, it were not accumulated at one time after heading and rapidly increased after fertilization. The proper cutting date by the percentage of dry matter for baled-silage making, 30 ~ 40%, were May 25 in Youngyang(Bayley), May 25 ~ June 5 in Geumkang(Wheat) and Shinyoung(Triticale), and June 5 in Samhan(Oat), respectively. The total aerial fresh weight accumulation in relation to cutting dates were described by quadratic function for barley, wheat and triticale. The forage fresh yield were peaked at May 7 in barley, May 14 in wheat, May 17 in triticale and late of May in Oat, respectively. The dry matter yields of four small cereals were linearly increased after over-wintering. The yield at the date of proper harvesting time by water content for baled silage making were sequently high oat, barley, wheat, tritcale. The barley was declined in the growth and spike's size as affected by sown as mixed seeding with triticale, but not effected with oat. The total fresh yield were increased by grown as mixed seeding with wheat, triticale and oat, but the dry matter yield were not significantly increased because of the low percentage of dry matter and the decrease of barley's growth. The optimum crop for mixed seeding with barley for increment of forage productivity in middle area of korea was oat, because of the flourishing tillers, difference of heading date and abundant leaves of oat.

Development of a galvanic sensor system for detecting the corrosion damage of the steel embedded in concrete structures

유지홍 成均館大學校 大學院 2002 국내박사

The correlation between sensor output and corrosion rate of reinforcing steel was evaluated by laboratory electrochemical tests in saturated Ca(OH)_(2) with 3.5 wt.% NaCl. In this paper, two types of electrochemical probes were developed: galvanic cells containing of steel/copper and steel/stainless steel couples. The corrosion behavior in saturated Ca(OH)_(2) solution with and without 3.5 wt.% NaCl addition for the different electrodes was investigated by potentiodynamic test. Weight loss measurement and galvanic corrosion test were conducted to obtain the corrosion rate of reinforcing steel and the charge of sensor in saturated Ca(OH)_(2) solution with 3.5 wt.% NaCl addition, respectively. The results of the potentiodynamic test indicated that the possibility of detecting an ingress point of chlorides by measuring the galvanic current. In galvanic corrosion tests, the galvanic current of steel/copper couple was higher than that of steel/stainless steel couple, i.e., the steel/copper sensor is more suitable for high resistance environment. The steel/stainless sensor showed a better linear correlation than the steel/copper sensor. Through the relationship between the sensor system output and the weight loss (㎎/㎠) of steel, real corrosion damage of the steel embedded in concrete can be detected.

철이온 반응 주화성단백질 Methyl-Accepting Protein의 특성 및 발현 조절기작의 규명

유지홍 서강대학교 대학원 2015 국내석사

제 1 장 Characterization of a Methyl-Accepting Chemotaxis Protein (MCP) Regulated by Fur 병원성 세균인 Vibrio vulnificus MO6-24/O는 적어도 55개의 methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) 을 암호화하는 open reading frame들을 갖고 있다. 세균의 주화성 반응은 세균의 숙주환경에 대한 특이성과 세균의 독력 정도에 관련이 있기 때문에 MCPs를 이용해 V. vulnificus의 병원성 실험을 수행하였다. 많은 MCPs 중 어떤 mcp가 결여된 돌연변이 균주의 경우 모델 동물의 사망률이 감소하였고 이를 통해 결여된 MCP가 숙주에 감염되어있는 동안 숙주 내 특정 물질을 인식한다는 것을 추축할 수 있었다. 그래서 생쥐 혈청을 이용하여 모세관 주화성 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 mcp가 결여된 돌연변이 균주는 혈청을 향한 주화성에 결함이 있다는 것을 알았다. 그 다음으로 혈청의 주요 구성성분들을 이용하여 모세관 주화성 실험을 하였고 이 MCP에 의해 세균이 ferritin을 향해 주화성을 갖는 다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 철을 갖고 있지 않은 ferritin의 경우 야생종과 mcp가 결여된 돌연변이 균주 간의 주화성의 차이가 없었다. 이 결과를 통해 이 MCP가 철 이온을 인식할 수 있다고 추측하였고 다양한 형태의 철 이온을 이용하여 모세관 주화성 실험을 수행하였다. 그 중 ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), ferric ammonium sulfate (FAS) 그리고 ferric nitrate가 유인물로서 동정되었고 이 MCP를 MCP-F로 명명하였다. mcpF의 발현을 철 침착제가 있는 조건과 없는 조건에서 관찰하였고, 그 결과, mcpF의 발현은 철이 존재할 경우에만 억제되었다. 이는 mcpF의 promoter region에 철과 Fur (ferric-uptake regulator) 의 복합체가 특이적으로 붙음으로써 mcpF의 발현이 억제된다는 것을 DNase Ⅰ footprinting 실험을 통해 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 화합물을 포함하는 ferric ion(s)을 인식하는 MCP를 새롭게 동정하였고 이 MCP는 철 이온의 존재 유무에 따라 조절 받는 것을 밝히고자 하였다. 제 2 장 Functional identification of the noble signal molecule produced by Vibrio vulnificus 세균들은 생물막 형성, 독력인자 분비, 그리고 생물발광 등의 행동들을 효과적으로 수행하기 위해 정족수 인식을 통해 유전자 발현을 조절한다. 개체군 밀도 변화에 맞춰 동시에 유전자 발현을 조절하는 정족수 인식은 autoinducer (AI)라는 신호물질에 의해 촉진된다. Vibrio vulnificus에서는 N-acylated homoserine lactone (AI-1) 계열의 합성 유전자인 luxI, luxM과 유사한 유전자가 존재하지 않으나 furanosyl borate diester (AI-2) 계열의 합성 유전자인 luxS가 존재하고 이 신호물질에 의해 주요 독력인자인 elastase (VvpE)가 조절된다. 또한 V. vulnificus의 luxS가 결여된 돌연변이 균주에서 추출한 신호 물질이 AI-1 sensor strain인 A. tumefaciens NT1 (pDCI41E330)에 의해 detection 됨에 따라 또 다른 정족수인식 신호물질이 존재한다는 것을 확인하였고 이 신호물질을 non-AI-2라 명명하였다. V. vulnificus의 신호물질로서 밝혀진 cFP는 A. tumefaciens NT1 (pDCI41E330)에 의해 detection이 되지 않으므로 non-AI-2는 cFP와 다른 신호물질임을 확인하였다. Non-AI-2가 정족수인식 신호물질임을 증명하기 위해 정족수인식에 의해 발현이 증가하는 유전자인 vvpE와 CPS gene cluster의 발현을 non-AI-2를 처리해주고 luxAB fusion을 통해 관찰하였으나 유전자 발현이 증가되는 것은 관찰하지 못하였다. 또한 elastase의 발현증가를 확인하고자 2% skim milk plate에 균주들을 spotting한 후 non-AI-2를 처리하고 관찰하였으나 앞서 관찰한 luxAB fusion에서와 같이 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 다음으로 정족수인식에 의해 양성 조절을 받아 생물막의 크기를 줄이는 역할을 하는 capsular polysaccharide의 영향을 non-AI-2를 처리 조건에서 관찰하였다. 예상과 달리 생물막이 증가하였다. 그래서 이때 어떤 단백질들의 양이 변화하여 생물막이 증가하였는지 관찰하기 위해 단백질들을 각각 secretome과 cytoplasmic protein으로 나누어 분석하였다. 이전 연구에서 생물막 형성과 관련된 단백질인 LexA가 본 연구에서는 non-AI-2를 처리한 세포에서 증가된 단백질로서 동정되었다. 이를 통해 non-AI-2에 의해 induction된 LexA가 생물막 형성 증진에 영향을 미칠 것이라 추측할 수 있었다. Chapter 1. Characterization of a Methyl-Accepting Chemotaxis Protein (MCP) Regulated by Fur A human pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio vulnificus MO6-24/O has at least 55 ORFs coding for the putative MCPs. Since bacterial chemotactic responses are related to its specificity to host environments and its degree of virulence, the MCPs involved in V. vulnificus pathogenicity were examined. An mcp mutant showed attenuated mortality of a model animal, suggesting this MCP senses certain host components while infecting the hosts. Capillary chemotaxis assay using mouse serum revealed that this mutant was defective in moving towards serum. Subsequent assays using major constituents of serum showed that ferritin was responsible for bacterial attraction via this MCP. Iron-free form of ferritin, however, did not differentiate the motilities of the wild type and mutant strains, suggesting that iron ion(s) could be sensed by this MCP. Among various types of iron ions, ferric ammonium citrate, ferric ammonium sulfate and ferric nitrate was identified as an attractant, and thus it was named as MCP-F. Expression of mcpF gene was monitored in the absence and presence of an iron chelator and it was repressed by iron. Iron-repression was mediated via specific binding of iron-Fur complex to the mcpF promoter region. Therefore, this study demonstrates that a newly-identified MCP sensing ferric ion-containing compounds is regulated iron. Chapter 2. Functional identification of the noble signal molecule produced by Vibrio vulnificus The expression of genes related to biofilm formation, virulence factors and bioluminescence in bacteria is regulated via quorum sensing. Autoinducer triggers quorum sensing which regulates the gene expression via cell-density dependent manner. The genome of Vibrio vulnificus do not have luxI and luxM coding synthase for N-acylated homoserine lactone (AI-1). But, there is luxS coding synthase for furanosyl borate diester (AI-2) which regulates major virulence factor, elastase, VvpE. In this study, extracted signal molecule from cultured medium of the ?luxS was detected by AI-1 sensor strain, A. tumefaciens NT1 (pDCI41E330). So, we speculated that there is another signal molecule related quorum sensing. And another signal molecule was named as non-AI-2. cFP known as signal molecule in V. vulnificus was not detected by A. tumefaciens NT1 (pDCI41E330), non-AI-2 was different to cFP. To testify whether non-AI-2 is quorum sensing signal molecule, we monitored the expression of vvpE and CPS gene clusters under non-AI-2 treated condition. But, we could not monitor increased genes expression. VvpE induction also did not effected by non-AI-2. However, when we treated exogenously biofilm to the non-AI-2, the biofilm was increased. So, we analysis the proteom increased or decreased by non-AI-2.

ICT를 활용한 학습자료의 사전제공이 학업성취도 및 학습 흥미도에 미치는 영향 : 중학교 3학년 과학교과를 중심으로

유지홍 계명대학교 교육대학원 2002 국내석사

부신피질자극 호르몬자극 시험과 dexamethasone억제 시험에 대한 혈청 prolactin의 반응

유지홍 慶熙大學校 1981 국내석사