중국 경제ㆍ무역 정책의 변화에 대한 연구

손지군 조선대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

Chinese Communist Party, after 8-year War of Resistance Against Japanand 3-year civil war with the Guomintang under the leadership of Mao Zedong, finally established the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949. After new China was founded, as the West's economic blockade of China, China can only obtained economic and technical assistance from the former Soviet Union. But at the end of the 1950s, because of the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, the Chinese government carried out the policy of self-reliance by Mao Zedong. From the beginning of 1953,The Chinese government constituted an economic plan every 5 years. In order to achieve the goals of each five-year economic plan, the central government contitued to improve trade policy and management system according to the international environment at different stages. 70s, with China at the United Nations, as well as the restoration of the status of the United States and other Western countries and the gradual establishment of diplomatic relations, the international trade environment has improved. In 1970s, with the restoration of China’s status at the United Nations as well as the gradual establishment of deiplomatic relations with the United States and other western countries, the international trade environment has improved,in 1978, under the advocation of Deng Xiaoping,Chinese Governament began to reform and carried out the policy of opening up to the world. First of all, the rural people's commune was abandoned and the production of contract responsibility system was implemented, and then the city's financial and business management reform was proceeded. First of all, to attract investments,the special economic zones were established and the economic development zones were set up in 14 coastal cities. In the 1990s, further reform and a comprehensive policy of opening up to the world were implemented, such as the Pudong New Area of the Yangtze River Delta and the construction of the international city of Zhangjiagang, as well as the promotion of land-locked border trade, etc. However, at that time, the trade policy and management system seriously impeded the opening up to the outside world. Therefore, the Chinese government, first of all, decentralized the right of foreign trade management, and followed by trade operating profit and loss accountability. Government converted the Foreign Trade organizations, in particular, in 1994 the 8th National People's Congress passed the“Foreign Trade Law of the People's Republic of China”(formally come into effect on July 1, 1994).“Foreign Trade Law”, further strengthened transparency and uniformity of China's trade management system. In order to join the World Trade Organization (WTO), China negotiated with the European Union,the United States and Japan, finally in November 2001 formally joined the World Trade Organization. After joining the WTO, China's economic and trade must be consistent with international practice, China's economy dependend on international markets more and more, therefore, the Chinese government, in 2004, promulgated a new“Foreign Trade Law”. Some drastic changes about the right of foreign trade management and import and export management system have been made. After joining the WTO, the Chinese Government actively participated in the multinational FTA consultations. China now has signed a FTA with 29 countries in Asia,South America, Australia, Africa and Europe. In order to open up export markets and important energy market, to keep China's economy maintaining rapid growth, the Chinese government would take a more active participation in FTA negotiations. The use of foreign investment has been an important part of trade policy in China. In the early period of nation-building, China mainly accepted the former Soviet Union's economic and technical assistance and international loans. After the reform and opening-up, with the establishment of special economic zones and opening-up of coastal areas, with the implementation of preferential policies for foreign investment and the investment ways of foreign-funded enterprises, and with the continuing expansion of foreign investment, and with the increasing international competitiveness of domestic enterprises products in international markets, China has improved the Exports increase. And to coordinate the development of foreign economic relations, China's exchange rate system has reformed twice. Since 1981,the Chinese government has been using both fixed exchange rate system, however, due to the rapid increase in foreign trade and the continuing increase of foreign exchange transactions, the Chinese government, since January 1, 1994, has been implementing the new single system of the management of exchange rate. After joining WTO, China's trade surplus to the United States and other countries of the European Union's surges, the amount of foreign exchange reserves also increased rapidly. Thus trade friction arose. To solve this problem,since 2005, the Chinese government took a gradual appreciation of RMB policy, at the same time, the RMB exchange rate no longer simply pegged to the U.S. dollar, but in accordance with China's foreign trade development, chose a number of major currencies, given the appropriate weight to form a basket of currencies. I believe in the future, the Chinese Government's reform in the exchange rate will be more in line with international economic changes, so as to better promote the development of China's trade.

방문객에 대한 방문동기로서 시장세분화에 관한 연구 : 중국 하얼빈 국제빙설축제사례를 중심으로

손지군 배재대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

현대사회에 다양한 이벤트로 인해서 특히 축제는 지역사회에 많은 수익을 야기되는 것을 볼 수 있다. 많은 학자들은 제한하여, 이벤트는 관광지의 수요를 증가할 수 있으며, 직역사회의 독자성을 개선할 수 있다. 또는 관광비수기에 축제를 통해서 많은 관광객을 유지하는 것을 알 수 있다. 시장세분화는 한 중류의 관리와 마케팅 전략이라고 한다. 이 시장세분화를 통해서 광범위적으로 참가자들에 대한 측정을 할 수 있다. 시장세분화는 바로 한 이질적인 시장이 대량의 소규모와 동질한 시장들을 수반하는 것이다(Kotler, Bowen, & Makens, 2010). 축제의 성공은 주로 마케팅전략을 응용을 많이 의뢰하는 것을 알 수 있다; 방문객의 동기분석은 이미 축제시장세분화의 중요 전제 조건이 되는 것을 알 수 있다. 특히 방문객의 타겟시장, 축제프로그램 계획, 포지셔닝에 대한 방문객의 동기분석은 중요한 역할을 담당하는 것을 볼 수 있다. 본 논문은 ‘중국하얼빈국제빙설축제’ 사례를 중심으로 방문객에 대한 방문동기로서 시장세분화에 관한 연구를 통해서 ‘중국하얼빈국제빙설축제’의 방문객시장세분화를 파악하여, 축제 관련 관리와 마케팅전략에 대한 개선방안과 시사점을 제시할 수 있다고 생각한다. 논문의 설문지에 대한 사전에 교육된 중국하얼빈현지 조사원으로 활용하여 300부의 설문응답의사가 있는 방문객들에게 조사목적과 설문내용을 설명한 뒤 응답자가 직접 답을 기입하게 하여 현장에서 회수하는 방법으로 충 262부의 유효설문지를 회수하였다. 이 중 불성실한 응답과 무응답이 많은 설문지를 제외한 229부를 최종적으로 분석에 사용하였다. 설문조사에 응답한 유효 표본에서 모집된 자료는 SPSS 19. 통계 패키지를 통해서 비교 분석되었다. 분석기법으로는 설문 참가자들의 축제 관련 방문동기의 측정항목을 5 점 리커트 (Likert) 척도를 근간으로 한 빈도, 비율, 평균값을 이용하였고 방문객에 대한 시장세분화를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 2011년 1월 24일부터 1월 30까지 7일간 개최된 (행사진행시간 1월5일-2월 17일) 제27회 중국하얼빈국제빙설축제의 방문객들을 대상으로 현장 설문조사를 수행하였다. 본 논문의 연구목적은 구체적으로 4 개를 구성이 되었다. 첫 번째, 바로 2011년 27회 중국하얼빈국제빙설축제의 방문객에 대한 방문동기의 잠재적 특징을 확인이다. 방문객 방문동기변수들에 대한 요인분석기법을 사용하여, 총 6개의 동기요인이 나타난 것을 알 수 있다. 축제방문동기요인은 ‘가화합과 교육’, ‘문화탐색과 경험’, ‘신기성과 호기심’, ‘오락성과 유희성’, ‘사교성과 기대성’, ‘일상탈출과 휴식’ 등 6개 요인을 포함되었다. 두 번째, 방문객의 방문동기 관련 요소에 기준으로 중국하얼빈국제빙설축제의 방문객에 대한 세분화를 하는 것이다. 축제방문동기요인에 대한 군집분석기법을 실시하여, 최적으로 4개의 군집그룹이 나타난 것을 알 수 있다. 각 군집그룹명은 ‘문화탐색추구 집다’, ‘가족화합과 교육추구 집단’, ‘오락유흥추구 집단’, ‘일상탈출휴식추구 집단’ 등 그룹명으로 나타났다. 셋 번째, 방문객의 인구통계학적 특징에 대한 분석을 통해서 방문객 그룹간의 차이점을 측정이다. 인구통계학적 변수들과 군집단들에 대한 교차분석기법을 사용하여, 분석결과는 축제방문자의 직업, 월평균수입, 방문회수, 동반자관계, 현거주지 등 변수에 대한 각 군집단 간의 유의차이가 나타난 것을 알 수 있다. 넷 번째, 방문객의 시장세분화로서 중국하얼빈국제빙설축제의 마케팅전략에 대한 향후 발전방안을 제시한다. 특히 본 연구를 통하여 겨울축제 방문객의 타겟시장과 포지션닝 등 마켓팅전략에 합리적인 이론지도가 될 수 있는 가능성이 있다. This research explores the characteristics of the segment market of festival visitors, employing the variables of tourists' motivation and demographics. In order to approach the results of the research, the Haerbin ice and snow festival is chose to be as a study case. The study based on factor analysis, the result shows 6 motivation factors of 'family togethernees and education', 'cultural exploration and experience', 'novelty and curiousness', 'entertainment and pleasureness', 'socialization and expectation', 'escape and relaxation'. The cluster analysis results shows that the visist motivations types into 4 clusters of 'cultural exploration seeker', ‘family togetherness and education seeker’, 'entertainment and pleasureness', and 'escape and relaxation'. Moreover, observing the demographic variables that leads the ANOVA analysis method with these groups to examine the differences among these variables. Then, the resluts of this study illustrates the groups of visit motivation show the difference of occupation, monthly income, visit experience, companion relationship, and current residency. Above all of these research analysis, the researcher will show the results of this paper and contribute to find out some suggestions about festival market segmentation strategy, for instance, making potential target market of festival visitors, being a reasonable data for positioning of festival.

인성관련 전래동화를 활용한 동극활동이 유아의 셀프리더십과 친사회적행동에 미치는 효과

손지해 忠南大學校 大學院 2019 국내석사

인성관련 전래동화를 활용한 동극활동이 유아의 셀프리더십과 친사회적 행동에 미치는 효과 손 지 해 충남대학교 교육대학원 유아교육전공 (지도교수 : 김 정 겸) 본 연구는 인성관련 전래동화를 활용한 동극활동이 유아의 셀프리더십 과 친사회적행동에 미치는 효과를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 연구의 목적을 위해 설정한 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 1. 인성관련 전래동화를 활용한 동극활동이 유아의 셀프리더십에 미치는 효과는 어떠한가? 2. 인성관련 전래동화를 활용한 동극활동이 유아의 친사회적행동에 미치는 효과는 어떠한가? 본 연구의 대상은 D시 S구 G유치원에 다니는 만 5세 유아 25명과 S구 J유치원에 다니는 만 5세 유아 25명을 연구 대상으로 선정하여, 실험집단 25명(남9명, 여16명)과 비교집단 25명으로 (남10명, 여15명) 으로 임의 배정하였다. 실험집단은 인성관련 전래동화를 보고 난 후 모둠별 토의활동 및 동극활동을 진행하였고, 비교집단은 인성관련 전래동화를 보고 난 후 동화와 관련된 개별 활동을 진행하였다. 실험처치는 2018년 10월 15일 부터 2018년 12월 7일까지 8주간 16회기 실시하였다. 본 연구의 검사도구는 유아의 셀프리더십을 측정하기 위하여 최자윤(2009)이 개발한 유아 셀프리더십 측정도구를 사용하였다. 이 도구는 행동전략 15문항, 보상전략 5문항, 사고전략 10문항으로 3개의 구성요인과 7개의 하위범주로 이루어졌으며 총 30문항이다. 유아의 친사회적행동을 측정하기 위해 사용한 도구는 Babcock, Hartle와 Lamme(1995)의 평가척도를 기초로 김영옥(2003)이 개발하고 이진희(2018)가 수정 ‧ 보완한 측정도구를 사용하였다. 통계분석에는 SPSS 21.0을 활용하여 분석하였으며 사전검사를 통해 두 집단의 차이를 분석하기 위해 t 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인성관련 전래동화를 활용하여 동극활동을 실시한 실험집단이 비교집단보다 셀프리더십에 있어 긍정적인 효과를 주었다. 둘째, 인성관련 전래동화를 활용하여 동극활동을 실시한 실험집단이 비교집단보다 친사회적행동에 있어 긍정적인 효과를 주었다. 이에 인성관련 전래동화를 활용한 동극활동이 유아의 셀프리더십 및 친사회적행동에 영향을 주는 것으로 확인됨에 따라서 향후 유아교육 현장에서 유아의 셀프리더십 및 친사회적행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 교수-학습 방법으로써 활용하기 위해 가치가 있음을 시사한다. A Study on Effects of Performing Plays Based on Traditional Fairy Tales on Children's self-leadership and Pro-social Behaviors Ji-hea Son Master of Education in Child Education Graduate School of Education Chungnam National University Daejeon, Korea (Supervised by Professor Jeong-kyoum Kim, Ph.D.) The goal of this dissertation is to identify how performing a play, whose plot is focused on developing proper personalities among traditional fairy tales, has an influence on children's self-leadership and socially appropriate behaviors. To achieve the goal, the following research questions were made. First of all, how does it affect on their self-leadership to perform plays utilizing traditional fairy tales? Next, how does it affect on their socially appropriate behaviors to perform plays utilizing traditional fairy tales? The study was carried out for fifty preschoolers ages five in G and J kindergarten respectively twenty five ones, both located in S-gu D-si. Those preschoolers were randomly divided into the following two groups: an experimental group with nine boys and sixteen girls and a control group with ten boys and fifteen girls. After watching some traditional fairly tales related to developing proper personalities, the experimental group children had a discussion and then performed plays in several small groups. On the contrary, in the case of the control group, teachers let them think the story and play individually. The research was conducted sixteen times during eight weeks from October 15 to December 7 in 2018. To measure their self-leadership, the preschooler self-leadership rating scale for teacher evaluation was used, which had been developed by Ja-yoon Choi in 2009. The testing tool consists of total 30 questions with three components and seven subcategories such as fifteen behavior strategy items, five reward strategy items, and ten thinking strategy items. Another tool used to measure their pro-social behaviors was the one developed by Young-oak Kim in 2003 based on the rating scale of Babcock, Hartle, and Lamme in 1995, and then supplemented and revised by Jin-hee Lee in 2018. The statistics was analysed by SPSS 21.0, and the difference between the two groups was t-tested through a pre-test. The finding of the research is as follows. Firstly, the experimental group shows more positive changes in their self-leadership than the control group. Secondly, the experimental group also shows more positive changes in their socially appropriate behaviors than the control group. The study has identified that performing a play, whose plot is focused on developing proper personalities among traditional fairy tales, gives a significant influence to children's self-leadership and socially appropriate behaviors. Therefore, the dissertation has its own significance in that it suggests those activities are worth considering as a good teaching-learning method with a quite positive effect on children's self-leadership and pro-social behaviors in kindergartens.

Discharge Characteristics of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Controlled by Capacitive Ballast

손지한 부산대학교 2013 국내석사

Atmospheric pressure plasma generated from plasma device by using external capacitor. When external capacitor and input voltage increase, discharge energy increases linearly. Also, discharge gap, electrode figure, external resistor have effect on discharge energy. we can study electrical characterization of atmospheric pressure plasma though it. It is possible to obtain optical characterization by using ICCD(Induced Charge Coupled Device) camera and OES(Optical Emission spectrum). In the discharge, It happens various changes between two electrodes. Discharge is effected thermal effect, kinetic effect, heating of electrode. Through OES device, It is possible to measure helium spectrum between 300nm and 800nm. Intensity of helium spectrum increases with growth of driving voltage and capacitance.

A Hole Detour Scheme Using Virtual Position Based on Residual Energy For Wireless Sensor Networks

손지한 성균관대학교 일반대학원 2012 국내석사

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of a large number of low powered nodes that need to operate for months unattended. Since modern WSNs are used in various applications, their topology is becoming complicated. Due to limited precision of deployment, holes may occur in the network, which often lead traditional Greedy Forwarding algorithms to fail. Thus, bypassing the holes is one of the important issues for WSNs. Since each node has limited energy, its energy consumption needs to be optimized to prolong network lifetime. In the well-known Virtual Position (ViP) scheme, each node routes data using virtual positions instead of actual geographic positions to improve the packet delivery rate. A Hole-bypassing Routing with Context-awareness scheme achieves balanced energy consumption by changing current path to one of the candidate paths, based on the residual energy of nodes. However, this scheme tends to extend the size of holes. Since existing hole detour schemes that do not consider efficient energy consumption, they cause imbalanced energy consumption and make network lifetime relatively shorter than other hole detour schemes. Similar to ViP, our scheme uses virtual positions to bypass holes. However, the virtual positions are computed using both geographic positions and the residual energies of neighbor nodes. Our approach outperforms the ViP scheme in terms of network lifetime and hole extension.

Ethnic Chinese network : a facilitating determinant of Chinese outward foreign direct investment

Sun, Chi 서울대학교 국제대학원 2010 국내석사