박상은의 Blue whale 설치작업에 관한 연구

박상은 부산대학교 2013 국내석사

21c 현대미술은 다양한 주제와 형식으로 표현된다. 과거미술이 형식에 치중하였다면 , 20c 이후 미술은 주제에 초점을 두게 되면서 변화하기 시작했다. 자유롭고 다양한 주제 표현이 가능해 지면서 미술은 시각적인 표현 향상과 더불어 심리적이고 정신적인 영역까지 역할을 수행 하게 되었다. 그중 하나가 인간의 내면상처를 회복시켜주는 미술치유(art therapy) 기능이다. 연구자는 석사학위 청구전에서 미술치유적인 관점에서 작업을 통해 내적인 상처를 드러냄으로 부정적인 생각을 긍정적으로 변화 시키는 극복의 과정을 목표로 하였다. 작업으로 자신의 내적인 상처를 드러냈던 결과는 스스로에게 긍정적 나타났다. 유토피아적 공간의 연출은 연구자에게 위로와 위안으로 다가왔고 그것은 내적인 상처의 치유로 이어졌다. 연구자는 청구전을 계기로 내적인 상처를 긍정적으로 변화시킬 수 있는 치유의 가능성을 가늠하게 되었다. 그러나 몇 번의 작업으로 내적인 상처와 기억을 완벽하게 극복 할 수는 없을 것이라고 생각하기 때문에 연구자의 상처와 기억에 관한 작업은 앞으로도 지속될 것이라 생각한다. 본문에 제시된 작업들을 하기 위한 생각의 출발점은 스스로의 내적 상처를 극복하기 위한 것이었지만, 나아가 이제는 다른 사람의 상처와 그 극복의 과정에 대해서도 눈높이를 맞춘 채 가슴을 열고 바라볼 수 있게 되었다. The 21stcentury contemporary art has been expressed in various topics and formats. If the art in the past focused on their formats, the art after the 20th century has changed to focus on their topics. As free and various topic expressions have started to bepossible, art now is able to do psychological and mental roles along with its developments in visual expression. One of such examples is the art therapy that cures humans’ inner scars. Through my M.F.A. degree application exhibition, I aim the process of overcoming negative thoughts into positive thoughts by exposing inner scars through art therapeutic perspective. Since my undergraduate years, I had expressed inner scars onto artwork; and during M.F.A degree program, I made a visual expression on others’ inner scars. However, I could not feel truthfulness from expressing others’ scars because I did not experienced them for real. Therefore, my interest has moved to inner scars of myself. I did brief research on artists who did their work as a way of overcoming their inner scars and memories such as Louis Bourgeois, Eva Hesse, Frida Kahlo, and Tracey Emin. Along with the research, I have explained about my inner scars and memories, and methodologies. My M.F.A. degree application exhibition, Blue Whale, shows my mind that wishes to escape away from the reality because of my inner scars. It has been expressed as a desire to go back to my childhood family which was the mental and psychological utopia. My childhood has been expressed by symbolizing as a house and a blue whale, and they have been produced into three ways of expression such as installation, photography and video work. For the installation, two hundreds of 30 cm blue whale miniatures are installed along with the air-form on the rectangular stage. The center of this work gets upheavals and sinks. This was effective to creates fantasy atmosphere. Photography and video work pieces that used my skin disorder dermatographism expressed the repetitive desire toward the happy childhood family by painting blue whales on bodies. The most important characteristic of my work is the fantasy and mysterious atmosphere creation. That is what I symbolized my desire, the childhood family, which represents my utopian space. The exposures of my inner scar into artwork have brought out positive results. Utopian space creation has become comforts and rests, and they leaded into cures of my inner scars. Through my M.F.A. degree application exhibition, I have found the possibility of curing my inner scars into what are positive. On the other hand, I do not think that inner scars and memories can be overcome completely through a couple of times of artwork creations. I think my work about my inner scars and memories will continue in the future. As written above, the starting point of my work was to overcome my inner scars, but I have become to be open minded and to be able to set my eye level to be met with others for their inner scars and their overcoming processes.

Analgesic Drug Acetaminophen in Activated Sludge: Fate, Effect, and Detoxification

박상은 경희대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

The main function of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is the removal of nutrients. Wastewater from domestic, industrial, hospital, and livestock sources, containing a large amount of nutrients, is collected in WWTPs. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus are the major nutrients in wastewater. However, in the recent years, micropollutants in addition to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus are gaining attention as important pollutants. Some of the major micropollutants are cosmetics, daily chemical products, and pharmaceuticals used for livestock and in hospital and domestic settings. Acetaminophen (APAP), one of the representative pharmaceuticals, is also introduced into WWTPs through various routes. APAP, commonly used as an antipyretic and analgesic drug, has seen a steady increase in consumption for more than a decade now. More than 50% of APAP consumed for treatment is discharged out of the body as urine or feces (Zhou et al., 2019). The excrement is collected in WWTPs through the sewer. APAP can be removed in WWTPs through biological degradation. However, the mechanism underlying the biological removal of APAP has not been clearly identified. APAP can lead to various toxicities in aquatic organisms such as endocrine disorders and APAP derivatives are likely to be more toxic than APAP. Previous studies are based on isolation studies rather than microbial community studies. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how microbial communities remove APAP, the APAP removal tendency, and the APAP removal characteristics and fate of microorganisms that impact the degradation of APAP. In addition, if microorganisms biodegrade APAP via metabolism, further toxicity assessment of these APAP derivatives is required, as APAP derivatives may have higher toxicity than APAP. Finally, the potential risks of APAP to WWTPs should be studied. Therefore, several studies are needed to solve these questions. 1) Isolation and characteristics of the dominant species in microbial communities exposed to APAP. Upon the continuous exposure of microbial communities APAP, it was observed that microbial dominance was proceeded and the yield was held at a certain level. Pseudomonas spp., one of the dominant species in the microbial groups, was isolated from the dominant community. The degradation characteristics of this microorganism were identified and the degradation pathway was determined by the analysis of the APAP derivatives. 2) Determination of the rate of degradation of the environmental APAP in WWTPs and the characteristics of the stronger APAP degrader. As bioaugmentation using Pseudomonas sp. failed to reduce the environmental concentration of APAP below the non-toxic level in the general hydraulic retention time of the WWTPS, it led to the need for a more powerful APAP degrader. Thus, through further isolation, the APAP degrader Ensifer sp. PCO was obtained. The APAP degradation characteristics and practical applicability of this degrader were evaluated. In addition, the toxicity of the APAP byproducts derived from degradation was determined using the degree of nitrification of surface water microorganisms. 3) Effect of APAP on WWTP function Based on previous studies, the experiment was started with the assumption that APAP could affect the nitrification process of the WWTPs. In the presence of other organic sources, it is difficult to observe a nitrifier because of the abundance of heterotrophic microorganisms. The study was thus performed with APAP as the sole carbon source under nitrifying conditions. Changes in the nitrifier bacterial profile and degree of nitrification were determined.

IPFM 모델 해석을 통한 푸앵카레 산포도 및 심박변이도 분석

박상은 건국대학교 일반대학원(글로컬캠퍼스) 2015 국내석사

적절한 스트레스는 삶의 원동력이 되어 효율성과 생산성을 높여 인체에 유익한 방향으로 작용한다. 그러나 장기간 또는 이러한 상황에 반복적으로 노출되어 감당할 능력이 약화되면 자율신경계의 균형이 깨지면서 다양한 생리학적 및 심리적 문제가 야기된다. 그렇기 때문에 일상생활에서 많은 스트레스 요인에 노출되어 있는 현대인들에게 정신적 스트레스를 인지하고 관리하는 것은 건강과 생명지킬 수 있는 방법 중 하나라고 할 수 있다. 스트레스 분석에 대한 중요성이 커지면서 비침습적으로 측정이 가능한 심전도를 이용하여 심리적 안정 및 스트레스 상태를 파악하려는 연구들이 많이 진행되고 있다. 자율신경계와 심장운동에 대한 이론을 기반으로 하여 시간 및 주파수 영역에서 심전도 신호의 심박변이도를 해석함으로써 심장 질환의 유무를 판단하는데 중요한 진단 파라미터를 도출할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자율신경계의 영향에 의한 심박 변동을 반영하는 IPFM (Integral Pulse Frequency Modulation) 변조 모델을 활용하여 생성한 가상의 R-피크 시계열 데이터를 푸앵카레 산포도와 주파수 스펙트럼에 나타내 심박변이도를 해석하였다. 그리고 IPFM 모델을 실제 심전도 데이터 해석에 적용하기 위해서 심리적 안정 상태일 때와 스트레스 상태의 조건 설정을 통하여 심전도 신호를 각각 획득한 다음에, 시간 및 주파수 영역에서 심박변이도의 특성을 분석하고자 하였으며, 영상처리 기법을 통하여 푸앵카레 산포도의 특징값을 새롭게 도출하고자 하였다. This study aims at the analysis of heart beat fluctuations by applying physiological cardiac control oscillator which is the Integral Pulse Frequency Modulation (IPFM) model with reflecting sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. This model is adopted to generate the time series data of ECG R-peaks and represent them by poincaré scattergram plot in the time domain and HRV spectrum in the frequency domain to find the effects of the coupling constants, and , on the beat-to-beat fluctuations. Based on the results of analyzing HRV using the IPFM model with a network of various coupling constants and oscillators, the actual poincaré plots and HRV spectrum are estimated by acquiring the ECG data from the subjects exposed to the emotional-stress invoking environment. To find the discriminative features in deciding the condition of mental state, the power spectrum ratio between the high-frequency and low-frequency region is computed and the new interpretation is suggested by translating the poincaré map into the pixel-based features with applying morphological image processing algorithm.

기호학에 기초한 공공디자인 교육에 관한 연구 : 고등학교 미술수업을 중심으로

박상은 한양대학교 교육대학원 2011 국내석사

Design in the modern society works as a symbol having diverse meanings beyond showing shape outwards with the fast development, change, and diversity of the society. Now design has the cultural and language function connecting human and nature over the simple function. Due to such a design function the education requests the method to solve the value, meaning, and symbol contained within it beyond the simple shape and the suggestion of function. Especially the public design which is one of the design areas gives and takes influences with other cultures as the public design which is one of the design areas are growing in the field and the influence. Thus, current public design should be identified as the problem solving process to increase the life quality and to suggest the life direction over the environment improvement rather than as the narrow field to provide the aesthetic pleasure and to improve the environment. The public design reflecting directly the social and cultural phenomenon should be treated as the meaning entity with the communication function and the appreciators can understand and absorb the feelings and expressions into themselves and describe it logically. However, the reality of education halts at the outside feelings and expressions and cannot understand the public design meaning systemically. The signification progress of their thought on works and the capability to the internalization should be raised applying the semiotics to the feelings and expressions of the public design to overcome these problems. Symbol in the semiotics means a certain physical entity meaning something instead to people and has ‘instrumental function’ and ‘communication function’. Use of the instrumental and communicational functions in the social with these symbols can achieve the feelings and expressions of the public designs. Hence the study has the goal to suggest the actual program research to express new meaning by the logical signification of though and understanding the value of the meaning entity of the public design through the public design education program by using the semiotics. The research studied the semiotics and the public design which were the theoretical background of the previous studies. It understood the public design circumstance referring the current policies and books related to the public design and induced the problems of the education by analyzing the curriculum and the public design sector in the text book. The theoretical foundation was prepared to suggest the effect learning instruction method and the need of the public education with the semiotics was considered through this process. The overall direction and the composition of the class instruction method of the public design education by using the semiotics theory were suggested based on the previous studies and the realistic instruction program was developed. In the result of the study, the meaning which the semiotics has and the concept of symbol were found to be connected to the meaning conveyance of the modeling language in the public design. And the systemic public design education reflecting the social context in the current educational reality was found to be needed. The design class based on the Saussure, Peirce, and Barthes semiotics was established by grafting concretely the semiotics to the developmental stage of the design and the class program which can be used in the actual site was designed. The study has the meaning of the basic material of the teaching and learning instruction method which is able to read the public design in the society through the education program of the public design based on the semiotics which can be used as a method to interpret the social and cultural phenomenon with the target of the high school students. 현대 사회에서 디자인은 사회의 급격한 변화와 발달, 다양화로 인해 밖으로 보이는 형태를 넘어서 다양한 의미를 가진 하나의 상징으로 작용하고 있다. 이제 디자인은 단순한 기능을 넘어 인간과 기술을 연결해 주는 언어로서의 기능과 문화적인 기능을 가지게 되었다. 이 같은 디자인의 기능 때문에 교육에 있어서도 단순히 형태와 기능의 제시를 넘어서 그 안에 담긴 가치, 의미와 상징을 풀어낼 수 있는 방법론을 요구하고 있다. 특히 디자인의 한 분야인 공공디자인은 영역과 영향력이 커지면서 다른 문화들과 영향을 주고받고 있다. 그렇기 때문에 현재의 공공디자인은 미적인 즐거움을 제공하고 환경을 개선하는 좁은 영역으로 봐서는 안 되며 환경 개선을 넘어 삶의 방향을 제시하고 생활의 질을 높일 수 있는 문제해결과정으로 인식되어야 한다. 사회–문화적인 현상을 직접적으로 반영하고 있는 공공디자인은 의사소통의 기능을 가지고 있는 의미체로 다루어져야 하며 감상과 표현에서 감상자가 자신의 것으로 소화하여 논리적으로 정교화 할 수 있어야 한다. 그러나 교육 현실에서는 공공디자인의 의미를 체계적으로 파악하지 않은 채 표면적인 감상과 표현에만 그치는 경우가 많다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 공공디자인의 감상과 표현에 기호학을 적용하여 작품에 대한 자신의 생각을 유의미화 하는 과정과 내면화하는 능력을 키우도록 한다. 기호학에서 기호란 사람들에게 무엇인가를 대신 의미해 주는 어떤 물리적 실체를 말하며 ‘도구적 기능’과 ‘소통적 기능’을 갖는다. 이러한 기호가 가진 사회 안에서의 도구적, 소통적 기능을 활용하면 효과적인 공공디자인 감상, 표현이 이루어질 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 기호학을 활용한 공공디자인 교육 프로그램을 통해 공공디자인의 의미체로서의 가치를 이해하며 자신의 생각을 논리적으로 유의미화하여 새로운 의미로 표현할 수 있는 실제적인 프로그램을 연구하여 제안하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구의 내용을 살펴보면 먼저 연구의 이론적 배경이 되는 기호학과 공공디자인에 관한 연구를 통하여 기호학과 공공디자인에 대해 고찰하였다. 그리고 현재 공공디자인 관련 정책과 문헌들을 참고하여 공공디자인의 현황을 파악하고 교육과정 분석과 교과서의 공공디자인 부분의 분석을 통해 교육에서의 문제점을 도출하였다. 이 과정을 통해 기호학을 활용한 공공디자인 교육의 필요성을 고찰하고 효과적인 학습지도안을 제안하기 위한 이론적 토대를 마련하였다. 이러한 앞의 연구들을 바탕으로 기호학 이론을 활용한 공공디자인 교육 수업지도안의 전체적인 방향과 그 구성을 제시하고 실제적인 지도 프로그램을 개발하였다. 연구의 결과를 살펴보면 기호학이 가지고 있는 의미작용과 기호의 개념이 공공디자인의 조형언어의 의미의 전달과 연결될 수 있음을 발견하였다. 그리고 현 교육현실에서 사회적 맥락을 반영한 체계적인 공공디자인 교육이 필요함을 발견하였다. 이러한 연구를 기반으로 기호학을 활용한 공공디자인 교육의 기본방향을 제시하였다. 구체적으로 디자인의 개발단계에 기호학을 접목하여 소쉬르, 퍼스, 바르트의 기호학에 기초한 디자인 수업을 정립하였고 실제 현장에서 사용될 수 있는 수업 프로그램을 고안하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 고등학교 학생을 대상으로, 사회, 문화적인 현상을 해석하는 방법으로 쓰일 수 있는 기호학에 기초한 공공디자인 교육 프로그램을 통하여 공공디자인을 사회 속에서 읽을 수 있게 하는 교수-학습지도안의 기초자료로서의 의의를 갖는다.

학교생활적응이 잠재적 학업중단 의도에 미치는 영향 : 낙관성과 진로의사결정의 매개효과

박상은 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

In this study, the relationship among adjustment to school life, optimism, career decision, and the latent intention of leaving school were examined, and the mediating effect of optimism and career decision between school adjustment and the latent intention of leaving school was examined. The scales about adjustment to school life, optimism, career decision and the latent intention of leaving school were measured with subjects of 587 male and female students attending in junior high schools located in Gyeongbuk area. The results of this study are as follows. First, the positive influence of school adjustment on the latent intention of leaving school was significant. Second, negative influence of optimism and carrer decision on the latent intention of leaving school were significant respectively. Third, optimism has mediating effect partially between school adjustment and the latent intention of leaving school. Fourth, carrer decision has not mediating effect between school adjustment and the latent intention of leaving school. However, mediating effect of the dependent type which is one of subtype of career decision was significant partially between school adjustment and the latent intention of leaving school. Significance of this study is that the influence of school adjustment on the latent intention of leaving school and partial mediating effect of optimism and career decisions between school adjustment the latent intention of leaving school were identified.

한국과 미국 중·고등학생의 경제 이해도 비교 연구

박상은 경북대학교 대학원 2015 국내박사

This study analyzed the economic literacy of middle and high school students in Korea and the U.S. with a comparative approach. The purpose is to identify the economic literacy level of Korean students from an objective, relative standpoint. Based on the findings, this study is aimed at establishing a direction on economic education and policy implications for secondary school students. To accomplish the objective, this study compares and analyzes the economic literacy of students in both countries through the following two methods. First, to measure the economic literacy of students, a norming test was performed with economic literacy assessment tools developed by both countries. Based on the results, the differences in their economic literacy and the level of difficulty of the tools were analyzed and compared. The sample is 2,127 Korean students in 59 high schools nationwide who took the assessment tests developed by both countries. It was done in 2012. Second, to compare the economic literacy of Korean and American students more directly, an economic literacy assessment tool was used. The test is designed for high school students and adults. It was developed by the 'Council for Economic Education(CEE)', an American association. Using the tool, the economic literacy of 1,763 students of 54 middle and high schools in Korea was measured in 2013. The results were compared with American student evaluation results. The main findings are as follows. First, the economic literacy of Korean students was measured through KAEE Test (2010) of Korea Association of Economic Education(KAEE) and TEL3(2001) of Council for Economic Education(CEE). The level of difficulty of both tools was also compared. In addition, CEE’s What American Teens & Adults Know About Economics was used to measure and compare the economic literacy of Korean and American students. The results are as follows. The economic literacy of middle and high school students in Korea scored 53 (out of 100) on average. Thus, they have difficulties in understanding economic concepts. The average score is almost the same among Korean and American students. However, the ratio of top rank students is lower in Korea. Thus, the ratio of middle and lower rank students is higher. When the economic literacy of Korean and American students is compared, the gap is the smallest among middle rank students. However, the biggest gap is found among lower rank students. Among the Korean students, the lower rank students find TEL more difficult. The middle and top rank students find it easier. Second, to assess the economic literacy of students, What American Teens & Adults Know About Economics was used. The results by economic concept are as follows. In both countries, their score on basic and microeconomic concepts is around 70, higher than the average score. In terms of macroeconomic and international concepts, they scored 45-50, lower than the average score. In particular, their score on financial concepts is around 30, a very low score. Third, the critical variables of economic literacy of Korean middle and high school students are as follows: 'knowing the importance of understanding economics'; 'grade level'; 'economic education'; 'educational level of family head'; 'interest in economy'; 'newspaper subscription.' It is identified through KAEE Test and What American Teens & Adults Know About Economics. However, 'gender,' 'family income level,' and 'watching TV news' are not statistically significant within the significance level of 5%. As for 'job of family head,' it is an inconsistent variable. In other words, the variable is not consistent in determining the economic literacy of Korean students. As for family's income level, it is not a significant variable. Thus, socioeconomic status doesn't have a huge influence on economic literacy of students. Fourth, Korean and American students are compared directly through the assessment tool called What American Teens & Adults Know About Economics. In the top rank of both groups, 'grade level,' 'economic education,' and 'gender' are significant factors. The literacy of upper class students is at a higher level in both groups. The score difference is 5 in the US and 7 in Korea. In particular, the difference in top rank ratio between 9th and 11th graders in Korea is around 15 times (Top rank students are those who scored 80 or above). Thus, economic literacy improves dramatically among upper class students. In terms of 'economic education,' those who took economics courses have a higher level of economic literacy. In particular, economic education has a significant effect on obtaining the top rank scores in Korea. It is far greater than the effect on American students. The lower rank students also have trouble understanding economics without education. In terms of gender, the ratio of male students is more than twice as high in the top rank of both countries. As for Korean female students, their ratio in the top rank is lower than that of male students. In the middle rank, however, female students represents a high ratio. Among high school students, American males have a higher level of economic literacy than their female counterparts. Thus, there is a significant gap between American male and female students. In Korea, however, there are no statistically significant differences. Among Korean middle school students, the average score of females is slightly higher than that of male counterparts. Fifth, in terms of 'knowing the importance of understanding economics,' most Korean students are aware of the importance. However, more than half of the respondents are not interested in economics. As for American students, they have greater interests in economics and are more likely to subscribe to a newspaper. Such attitude towards economics will have a positive effect on their economic literacy. However, interest in economics has a far greater effect on the economic literacy of Korean students. Thus, it is necessary to boost their interest in the subject to increase their understanding of economics. Keywords : economic literacy, middle and high school students, KAEE(Korea Association of Economic Education), CEE(Council for Economic Education), KAEE TEST, TEL(Test of Economic Literacy), critical variables of economic literacy, grade level, gender, economic education, socioeconomic status of family background, attitude towards economics, interest in economy

도서벽지 초등학생의 또래집단 특성에 관한 사례 연구

박상은 한국교원대학교 1999 국내석사

경상남도 초?중?고등학교의 교목과 교화식물의 종류 및 식물학적 분류

박상은 진주교육대학교 교육대학원 2005 국내석사

This research aims to study and analyze the number and frequency of species selected as tees and flower plants in elementary, middle and high schools in Gyeongnam province to learn the trends of tree and flower plants. Also, the research aims to increase interest in plants among students and teachers, provide information on the botanical meaning of tree and flower plants and learn whether schools have chosen appropriate species as their tree and flower plants by studying and analyzing the botanical characteristics of tree and flower plants. The number of species chosen as school trees in a total of 901 schools in Gyeongnam province was 66, more specifically, 43 species in 483 elementary schools, 34 in 250 middle schools and 34 in 168 high schools. All the schools in the region selected their school flowers from 46 species, and elementary schools, from 24 species; middle schools, from 31 species; high schools, from 26 species. All of which shows that species chosen as school trees or school flowers are not diverse, considering the number of schools in the region and that the number of species chosen as school flowers is lower than school trees. The most widely used species as school trees in a total of 901 schools in the region are pine tree (181 schools, or 20.1%), followed by zelkova tree (166 schools, or 18.4%), ginkgo tree (126 schools, or 14.0%), chinese juniper (121 schools, or 13.4%) and cedrusdeodara (79 schools, or 8.8%). The species on the list above accounted for 74.7% of all school trees among 64 species. The most widely used species as school flowers are rose (235 schools, or 26.1%), followed by camellia (144 schools, or 16.0%), magnolia (120 schools, or 13.3%), golden-bell tree (81 schools, or 9.0%), rhododendron indicum (80 schools, or 8.9%) and royal azalea (65 schools, or 7.2%). The species on the list above took up 80.5% of all school flowers among 46 species. Zelkova tree (103 schools, or 21.3%) was most frequently used as school trees in 483 elementary schools in Gyeongnam province, followed by pine tree (92 schools, or 19.0%), ginkgo tree (67 schools, or 13.9%), chinese juniper (59 schools, or 12.2%) and cedrusdeodara (46 schools, or 9.5%). The species mentioned above made up of 75.9% of a total of 43 species used as school trees. As for school flowers, rose (150 schools, or 31.1%) topped the list, followed by camellia (71 schools, or 14.7%), magnolia (58 schools, or 12.0%), golden-bell tree (58 schools, or 12.0%), rhododendron indicum (48 schools, or 9.9%) and royal azalea (26 schools, or 5.4%). The species mentioned above accounted for 85.1% of a total of 24 species used as school flowers. Most frequently used as school trees in 250 middle schools in the region was pine tree (50 schools, or 20.0%), chinese juniper (43 schools, or 17.2%), zelkova tree (38 schools, or 15.2%), ginkgo tree (31 schools, or 12.4%) and cedrusdeodara (20 schools, or 8.0%), and they took up 72.8% of a total of 34 species used as school trees. Most frequently used as school flowers was rose (55 schools, or 22.0%), followed by camellia 4(2 schools, or 16.8%), magnolia (40 schools, or 16.0%), rhododendron indicum (18 schools, or 7.2%), chrysanthemum (16 schools, or 6.4%) and golden-bell tree (14 schools, or 5.6%) and they took up 83.2% of a total of 31 species used as school flowers. The most widely used species as school trees in 168 high schools in the region are pine tree (39 schools, or 23.2%), followed by ginkgo Tree (28 schools, or 16.7%), zelkova tree (25 schools, or 14.9%), chinese juniper (19 schools, or 11.3%) and cedrusdeodara (13 schools, or 7.7%). The species on the list above accounted for 73.8%, of a total of 41 species used as school trees. The most widely used species as school flowers are camellia (31 schools, or 18.5%), rose (30 schools, or 17.9%), magnolia (22 schools, or 13.1%), royal azalea (16 schools, or 9.5%), rhododendron indicum (14 schools, or 8.3%), chrysanthemum (13 schools, or 7.7%) and golden-bell tree (9 schools, or 5.4%). The species on the list above accounted for 80.4%, of a total of 26 species used as school flowers. Most frequently used species as school trees and school flowers by city are zelkova tree (14 schools, or 25.9%) and camellia (29 schools, or 53.7%) in Gejea; pine tree (27 schools, or 29.0%) and rose (30 schools, or 32.3%) in Kimhae; pine tree (18 schools, or 23.1%) and rose (29 schools, or 37.2%) in Masan; zelkova tree (8 schools, or 17.8%) and rose (16 schools, or 35.6%) in Milyang; chinese juniper (9 schools, or 23.0%) and camellia (20 schools, or 51.3%) in Sacheon; pine tree (19 schools, or 40.4%) and rose (14 schools, or 29.8%) in Yangsan; zelkova tree and pine tree (22 schools, or 25.6%, respectively) and rose (21 schools, or 24.4%) in Jinju; pine tree (7 schools, or 23.3%) and rhododendron indicum (9 schools, or 30.0%) in Jinhae; pine tree (31 schools, or 35.6%) and rose (27 schools, or 31.0%) in Changwon; camellia tree (8 schools, or 22.9%) and camellia (15 schools, or 42.9%) in Tongyoung. Most frequently used species as school trees and school flowers by county are zelkova tree and pine tree (7 schools, or 21.9%, respectively) and camellia (8 schools, or 25.0%) in Koseong; ginkgo tree (7 schools, or 20.6%) and magnolia (10 schools, or 29.4%) in Keochang; zelkova tree (8 schools, or 26.7%) and camellia (15 schools, or 50.0%) in Namhae; pine tree (10 schools, or 33.3%) and rose (11 schools, or 36.7%) in Sancheong; cedrusdeodara (6 schools, or 27.3%) and rose (7 schools, or 31.8%) in Uiryeong; zelkova tree and cedrusdeodara (9 schools, or 23.1%, respectively) and rose (schools, or 53.8%) in Changryeong; chinese juniper (10 schools, or 29.4%) and chrysanthemum (7 schools, or 20.6%) in Hadong; cedrusdeodara (7 schools, or 21.9%) and rose (14 schools, or 43.8%) in Haman; zelkova tree, magnolia and chrysanthemum (6 schools, or 26.1%) in Hamyang; chinese juniper (11 schools, or 28.9%) and golden-bell tree (8 schools, or 21.1%) in Hapcheon. All the school trees and school flowers of schools in the region belong to spermatophyta and are divided into class 2, subclass 3, order 24 and family 41 among which school trees are divided into class 2, subclass 3, order 17 and family 29, and school flowers into class 1, subclass 2, order 15 and family 21. Out of school trees of schools in the region, all of which are spermatophyta, angiospermae takes up 63.6%, or 42 species and gymnospermae, 36.4% or, 24 species. Among angiospermae, 42 species belong to dicotyledoneae and 1 species to monocotyledonae. And 24 species of gymnospermae all belong to coniferophytae. All the school flowers (46 species) are also spermatophyta., more specifically, angiospermae. Among angiospermae, 40 species, or 87.0% belong to dicotyledoneae and 6 species, or 13.0% to monocotyledonae. School trees and school flowers for schools in the region are also divided into arbor plant (83 species, or 84.7% ) and aceous plant (15 species, or 15.3%). Out of all Arbor plant, shrub take up 19.4%, or 19 species and tree, 65.3%, or 64 species. And out of all shrub, 11 species belong to deciduous broad-leaved tree and 8 species, evergreen broad-leaved tree. And out of all the tree, deciduous broad-leaved tree topped the list with 27 species, followed by 21 species of evergreen coniferous tree, 14 species of evergreen broad-leaved tree and 2 species of deciduous coniferous tree. Thus, most of all school trees and school flowers are tree, in particular, deciduous broad-leaved tree and evergreen coniferous Tree. All school trees (66 species) are arbor plant among which shrub takes up 12.1%, or 8 species while tree, 87.9%, or 58 species. School flowers consist of arbor plant (31 species, or 67.4%) and aceous plant (15 species, or 32.6%). Out of arbor plant, shrub accounts for only 28.3%, or 13 species while tree, for a respective 39.1%, or 18 species. 본 연구는 경상남도 내에 위치한 초·중·고등학교의 교목 및 교화식물로 선정된 식물의 종 수와 그 제시 빈도를 조사·분석하여 교목 및 교화식물의 경향을 밝히고자 하였다. 또한, 학생 및 교사들의 식물에 대한 관심을 고조시키고 교목 및 교화식물들이 가지는 식물학적 의미에 대한 정보를 제공함과 동시에 교목 및 교화의 식물학적 특징에 대한 조사·분석을 통해 각 학교들이 교목 및 교화식물의 역할과 위치에 맞게 식물의 종을 선택했는지 고찰하는데도 목적이 있다. 경상남도 전체 학교(901개교)에서 교목으로 선정한 식물의 종 수는 66종이었으며, 그 중에서 초등학교(483개교) 43종, 중학교(250개교) 34종, 고등학교(168개교)는 34종으로 조사되었다. 그리고 교화로 선정된 식물의 종 수는 전체 학교에서는 46종이었으며, 초등학교 24종, 중학교 31종, 고등학교는 26종으로 조사되었다. 따라서 교목 및 교화로 사용된 식물의 종 수는 전체 학교수에 비하여 그다지 다양하지 못한 것을 알 수 있었으며, 교화식물의 종 수는 교목식물의 종 수보다도 작게 나타났다. 경상남도 전체 학교(901개교)에서 교목으로 가장 많이 사용한 식물은 소나무로서 181회(20.1%), 그 다음으로 느티나무 166회(18.4%), 은행나무 126회(14.0%), 향나무 121회(13.4%), 히말리야시다 79회(8.8%) 순이었으며, 전체 교목식물(64종)중 이들 식물의 사용빈도가 74.7%를 차지하였다. 그리고 교화로 가장 많이 사용한 식물은 장미로서 235회(26.1%), 그 다음으로 동백 144회(16.0%), 목련 120회(13.3%), 개나리 81회(9.0%), 영산홍 80회(8.9%), 철쭉 65회(7.2%)로 전체 교화식물(46종)중 이들 식물의 사용빈도가 80.5%로 대부분을 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 경상남도 전체 초등학교(483개교)에서 교목으로 가장 많이 사용한 식물은 느티나무로서 103회(21.3%), 그 다음으로 소나무 92회(19.0%), 은행나무 67회(13.9%), 향나무 59회(12.2%), 히말리야시다 46회(9.5%) 순이었으며, 전체 교목식물(43종)중 이들 식물의 사용빈도가 75.9%를 차지하였다. 그리고 교화로 가장 많이 사용한 식물은 장미로서 150회(31.1%), 그 다음으로 동백 71회(14.7%), 목련 58회(12.0%), 개나리 58회(12.0%), 영산홍 48회(9.9%), 철쭉 26회(5.4%)로 전체 교화식물(24종)중 이들 식물의 사용빈도가 85.1%로 대부분을 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 경상남도 전체 중학교(250개교)에서 교목으로 가장 많이 사용한 식물은 소나무로서 50회(20.0%), 그 다음으로 향나무 43회(17.2%), 느티나무 38회(15.2%), 은행나무 31회(12.4%), 히말리야시다 20회(8.0%) 순이었으며, 전체 교목식물(34종)중 이들 식물의 사용빈도가 72.8%를 차지하였다. 그리고 교화로 가장 많이 사용한 식물은 장미로서 55회(22.0%), 그 다음으로 동백 42회(16.8%), 목련 40회(16.0%), 철쭉 23회(9.2%), 영산홍 18회(7.2%), 국화 16회(6.4%), 개나리 14회(5.6%)로 전체 교화식물(31종)중 이들 식물의 사용빈도가 83.2%로 대부분을 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 경상남도 전체 고등학교(168개교)에서 교목으로 가장 많이 사용하고 있는 식물은 소나무로서 39회(23.2%), 그 다음으로 은행나무 28회(16.7%), 느티나무 25회(14.9%), 향나무 19회(11.3%), 히말리야시다 13회(7.7%) 순이었으며, 전체 교목식물(41종)중 이들 식물의 사용빈도가 73.8%를 차지하였다. 그리고 교화로 가장 많이 사용한 식물은 동백으로서 31회(18.5%), 그 다음으로 장미 30회(17.9%), 목련 22회(13.1%), 철쭉 16회(9.5%), 영산홍 14회(8.3%), 국화 13회(7.7%), 개나리 9회(5.4%)로 전체 교화식물(26종)중 이들 식물의 사용빈도가 80.4%로 대부분을 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 시 지역별 가장 많이 사용한 교목 및 교화식물을 보면, 거제시는 느티나무(14회, 25.9%)와 동백(29회, 53.7%), 김해시는 소나무(27회, 29.0%)와 장미(30회, 32.3%), 마산시는 소나무(18회, 23.1%)와 장미(29회, 37.2%), 밀양시는 느티나무(8회, 17.8%)와 장미(16회, 35.6%), 사천시는 향나무(9회, 23.0%)와 동백(20회, 51.3%), 양산시는 소나무(19회, 40.4%)와 장미(14회, 29.8%), 진주시는 느티나무와 은행나무(각각 22회, 25.6%) 및 장미(21회, 24.4%), 진해시는 소나무(7회, 23.3%)와 영산홍(9회, 30.0%), 창원시는 소나무(31회, 35.6%)와 장미(27회, 31.0%), 통영시는 동백나무(8회, 22.9%)와 동백(15회, 42.9%), 군 지역별 가장 많이 사용한 교목 및 교화식물을 보면, 고성군은 느티나무와 소나무(각각 7회, 21.9%) 및 동백(8회, 25.0%), 거창군은 은행나무(7회, 20.6%)와 목련(10회, 29.4%), 남해군은 느티나무(8회, 26.7%)와 동백(15회, 50.0%), 산청군은 소나무(10회, 33.3%)와 장미(11회, 36.7%), 의령군은 히말리야시다(6회, 27.3%)와 장미(7회, 31.8%), 창녕군은 느티나무와 히말리야시다(각각 9회, 23.1%) 및 장미(21회, 53.8%), 하동군은 향나무(10회, 29.4%)와 철쭉(7회, 20.6%), 함안군은 히말리야시다(7회, 21.9%)와 장미(14회, 43.8%), 함양군은 느티나무 및 목련과 철쭉(각각 6회, 26.1%), 합천군은 향나무(11회, 28.9%)와 개나리(8회, 21.1%) 이었다. 경상남도 전체 학교에서 사용한 교목 및 교화식물을 자연분류법에 의거하여 분류해 보면 모두 종자식물문에 속하며 2강, 3아강, 24목, 41과로 분류할 수 있었다. 이중 교목식물은 2강, 3아강, 17목, 29과, 교화식물은 1강, 2아강, 15목, 21과로 분류되었다. 경상남도 전체 초·중·고등학교의 교목식물(66종)은 종자식물문으로 이 중 피자식물강에 속하는 식물이 42종으로 63.6%를 차지하고 나자식물강에 속하는 식물은 24종(36.4%) 이었다. 그리고 피자식물강에 속하는 42종의 식물중 쌍자엽식물아강에 속하는 식물이 41종, 단자엽식물아강에 속하는 식물은 1종 이었다. 그리고 나자식물강에 속하는 24종의 식물은 모두 구과식물아강에 속하였다. 교화식물(46종)은 종자식물문으로 모두 피자식물강에 속하였다. 그리고 피자식물강중 쌍자엽식물아강에 속하는 식물이 40종으로 87.0%를 차지하고 단자엽식물아강에 속하는 식물은 6종(13.0%) 이었다. 경상남도 전체 학교 교목 및 교화식물의 성상에 따라 분류해 보면 목본성식물 83종(84.7%)과 초본성식물 15종(15.3%)으로 나타났다. 목본성식물중 관목성은 19종(19.4%)인 반면에 교목성이 64종(65.3%)으로 대부분을 차지하고 있었다. 그리고 관목성중에서 낙엽활엽수가 11종, 상록활엽수가 8종이었으며, 교목성 중에서는 낙엽활엽수가 27종으로 가장 많았으며, 그 다음으로 상록침엽수 21종, 상록활엽수 14종 및 낙엽침엽수 2종으로 나타났다. 따라서 전체 학교의 교목 및 교화식물은 대부분 교목성 이었으며, 이중에서도 낙엽활엽수와 상록침엽수가 주종을 이루고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 교목식물(66종)은 모두 목본성 이었는데, 이 중에서 관목성은 8종(12.1%)인 반면에 교목성이 58종(87.9%)으로 대부분을 차지하고 있었다. 교화식물(46종)은 목본성식물 31종(67.4%)과 초본성식물 15종(32.6%)으로 나타났으며, 목본성식물중 관목성은 13종(28.3%)인 반면에 교목성이 18종(39.1%)으로 다소 많이 차지하고 있었다.

A Comparison of Multiple-Choice (MC) and Open-Ended (OE) Types of English Listening Proficiency Test: : The Advantages of OE in Teaching Listening for Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

박상은 서강대학교 교육대학원 2009 국내석사

의사소통 중심 교수법에서는 의사소통 능력을 기르는 것을 언어교수의 첫 번째 목표로 삼기 때문에 영어 듣기는 더 이상 수동적이고 수용적인 학습과정이 아니라 능동적이고 구성적인 과정으로 인식되며, 쓰기와 읽기 수업과도 연결되는 통합적 과정으로서 학습되어야 한다. 이러한 교수법의 흐름과 맞춰 영어 듣기 교수․학습을 위한 듣기 문항의 형식과 그 유형도 학생들에게 매우 중요한 요소로서 고려되어야 한다. 듣기 문항의 형식은 학생들의 듣기 능력을 측정함에 있어서 상당한 영향력을 행사할 뿐만 아니라, 학생들이 자신들의 영어 듣기 학습의 방향을 결정하는 데에도 결정적인 역할을 하기 때문이다. 따라서 이 연구는 학생들의 영어 듣기 수행 능력이 답 고르기 유형과 답 만들기 유형의 두 가지 듣기 문항의 유형에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 실험해보고, 학생들이 각각의 유형에 대해 어떠한 반응을 보이는지 살펴보며, 특히 답 만들기 유형의 경우 학생들이 직접 구성한 답을 분석함으로써 답 만들기 유형의 필요성을 알아보기로 한다. 실험을 위해 40명의 고등학교 1학년 학생들을 대상으로 각각 20문항으로 구성된 답 고르기 유형과 답 만들기 유형의 영어 듣기 시험을 실시한다. 두 시험은 같은 내용의 대화를 들려주고 같은 문제를 질문하지만, 학생들은 각각 답 고르기와 답 만들기의 다른 방법을 통해 문제를 해결해야 한다. 두 가지 유형의 듣기 시험을 본 후, 학생들은 각각의 시험에 대한 그들의 선호도와 다양한 의견에 대한 설문조사에 응답한다. 실험 결과, 답 고르기와 답 만들기 유형에 대한 학생들의 평균 점수에는 유의미한 차이가 발견됐다. 답 고르기 유형의 경우 답 만들기의 경우보다 더 높은 점수를 받았고, 설문조사에서도 역시 학생들은 답 고르기 유형이 상대적으로 더 풀기 쉽고 선호한다고 응답하였다. 또한 그들은 앞으로 영어 듣기 학습을 위해 공부하고 싶은 유형으로 역시 답 고르기를 선택하였다. 그러나 학생들의 답 고르기에 대한 선호도나 태도가 시험 점수에서도 유의미한 차이를 보인 것은 아니었다. 즉, 그들의 생각처럼 답 고르기가 더 쉽고 좋다고 해서 답 만들기 유형보다 점수가 높게 나타나는 것은 아닌 것이다. 게다가 답 만들기가 더 좋다고 응답한 학생들은 모두가, 답 고르기가 더 좋다고 응답한 학생들 가운데에는 25%가 앞으로의 영어 듣기 능력 향상에 도움이 될 것 같은 유형으로 답 만들기를 선택하였다. 이를 바탕으로 답 만들기 유형에서 학생들이 직접 구성한 답을 자세히 분석한 결과, 답 고르기 유형에서보다 훨씬 더 다양하고 깊이 있는 환류효과를 얻을 수 있음을 확인했다. 이와 같은 분석을 바탕으로 이 연구는 앞으로의 영어 듣기 수업과 시험에 답 만들기 유형의 문항 도입이 필요함을 주장한다.

제대혈 유래 중간엽 줄기 세포를 이용한 피부 창상 치료시 세포투여 운반체에 따른 창상 치유 효과의 비교

박상은 연세대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

The method of spraying stem cells directly on wound site has been applied in certain clinical settings. This however has some disadvantages such as leakage of stem cells out of the wound or difficulty of stem cells adhering to the wound surface. Therefore, the authors of this study have attempted to establish the most effective and stable method of delivering stem cells by comparing various modes of cell delivery.Full thickness skin defect was artificially made on each dorsal aspect of mouse (gestational age 4weeks) (ICR) trunk by using an 8mm punch. Human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) were delivered into these skin defects by 5 different methods or by using a carrier. Method of delivery include Suspension(spray) method, Local injection method, collagen GAG matrix(Terudermis?) seeding method, method mixing with Fibrin glue (Tissucol?) that is highly effective in fixating cells, and method mixing with Hydrogel (Intrasite?).Each experiment group was treated with 4x105 /ml of MSC along with a carrier, while the control group was inserted with only the carrier. The wound was covered with Tegaderm? in order to prevent it from drying. The extent of wound healing was assessed by quantifying with a Digital imaging program. Tissue sampling was done from each group on day 7 and day 14 to measure the amount of newly formed blood vessels. Expression rates of TGF-β and VEGF was measured in order to confirm paracrine effects. This was done by analyzing the data obtained through immunohistochemical staining procedures and measuring the optical density with an optical densitometry. The viability of the MSC was substantiated by quantitatively measuring the anti-human nuclei Ab. For our statistical analysis, T-test, paired T-test, ANOVA, repeated ANOVA was employed.All experiment group had a steep wound healing rate between day 3 and day 9, but only the group with Local injection method had statistical significance(p<0.05). The time when the wound size decreased to half its size was defined as HT50. HT50 was 6.1 days in the Local injection group, 6.4 days in collagen matrix group, 6.7 days in the fibrin glue group, 7.1days in Hydrogel group, and 7.2days in the Suspension group respectively. The Local injection group had the fastest healing rate while Suspension group had the slowest. At day 14, new vessel formation rate increased from Collagen matrix group, Suspension group, to the Hydrogel group. Likewise, the amount of TGF-β was in decreasing order from Local injection method group, Collagen matrix group, to Hydrogel group but only the Suspension group and the Local injection group had statistical significance(p<0.05) when compared with the control group. The amount of VEGF was in decreasing order from Collagen matrix group, Suspension group, Local injection group, Fibrin glue group to Hydrogel group and Collagen matrix group, Suspension group and Hydrogel group had stastistical significance(p<0.05) when compared with the control group.The most effective mode of delivering stem cell to wound during cell therapy was Local injection method and the least was the Suspension method perhaps because the MSC cannot be fixed on the wound surface and sloughs off. The Collagen matrix group served as a new dermis, which in turn acts against contraction. Therefore, wound closure was delayed relative to other groups. However, the number of new blood vessels or the amount of releasing VEGF was increased the most among others. This may be explained by the fact that the Collagen matrix acts as a three dimensional structure which facilitates the MSC to fix itself and function more actively. Further, it also increases the VEGF, which in turn stimulates new vessel formation. Hence, an enhanced effect of wound healing. Therefore, wound that needs rapid closure through contracture might benefit from delivering the MSC using the Local injection method, but in situations of vast raw surface wounds such as in burns, seeding of cells into Collagen matrix is thought to be effective. 창상치유 촉진을 위한 치료법으로 세포를 창상에 직접 뿌리는(spray) 세포치료 방법이 일부 임상에 적용되고 있으나 이 방법은 창상 밖으로 세포가 흐르거나 효과적으로 세포가 창상에 부착되기 어려운 단점이 있다. 보다 안정적이고 효과적으로 세포를 창상에 공급할 수 있는 세포치료법을 개발하고자 다양한 세포전달 방법을 이용 창상치유 정도를 비교 분석함으로써 세포치료 시 가장 효율성 있는 방법을 정립하고자 하였다.생후 4주 된 마우스(ICR) 배부에 8mm punch를 이용하여 전층 피부 결손을 만들고 인체 제대혈 유래 중간엽 줄기세포(MSC)를 각기 다른 5가지 방법 혹은 운반체를 이용 투여하였다. 투여방법으로는 Cell suspension법, Local injection법, Collagen GAG matrix(Terudermis?) seeding법, 세포고정 효과가 높은 Fibrin(Tissucol○R) mix법, 창상에 습윤한 환경을 가장 잘 유지시켜주는 Hydrogel(Intrasite○R) mix법을 이용하였다. 각 실험군은 4 x 105 개의 중간엽 줄기세포를 운반체와 더불어 투여하였고 대조군에는 운반체만을 동량 넣은 후, Tegaderm○R을 이용하여 창상이 마르지 않도록 유지하면서 2주간 창상치유의 정도를 Digital imaging program을 이용하여 측정하였다. 각 군에서 7일과 14일째에 조직을 채취하여 진피 층의 신생혈관의 갯수를 측정하였고 Paracrine effect를 확인하기 위해 TGF-β, VEGF의 발현 정도를 면역염색 및 Optical density를 측정을 통하여 분석하였다. Anti-human nuclei Ab를 이용 MSC의 생존 여부를 검증하였다. 각 군간의 통계학적 분석은 T-test, paired T-test, ANOVA, repeated ANOVA를 사용하였다.창상치유율은 3일째부터 9일째 사이 모두 급격히 증가하였으나 Local injection군에서만 통계적으로 유의성을 보였다(p<0.05). 창상의 크기가 원래 크기의 절반으로 치유된 날짜인 HT50(Time to heal 50% wounds)은 Local injection군 6.1일, Collagen matrix군 6.4일, Fibrin glue군 6.7일, Hydrogel군 7.1일, Suspension군 7.2일로 Local injection군에서 가장 창상치유가 빨랐으며 Suspension군이 가장 늦었다. 14일째에 신생 혈관의 생성은 Collagen matrix군, Suspension군, Hydrogel군 순으로 증가 되어 있었고 조직내 TGF-β의 양은 Fibrin glue군, Suspension군, Local injection군, Collagen matrix군, Hydrogel군 순이었으나 통계학적으로는 Suspension군과 Local injection군 만이 대조군에 비해 유의한 차이(p<0.05)를 보였다. VEGF의 양은 Collagen matrix군, Suspension군, Local injection군, Fibrin glue군, Hydrogel군 순으로 증가되어 있었며 Collagen marix군, Suspension군, Hydrogel군은 대조군에 비해 통계학적으로 유의한 차이(p<0.05)를 보였다.세포 치료시 창상치유 속도가 가장 빠른 것은 Local injection군이었고 Suspension군은 중간엽 줄기세포가 투여 후 잘 생착하지 못하고 씻겨버리기 때문에 그 효과가 적은 것으로 사료되었다. Collagen matrix군은 새로운 진피의 역할을 하여 창상의 수축을 줄이기 때문에 창상이 치유되는 속도는 상대적으로 늦었으나 혈관 개수나 VEGF는 가장 증가되어 있었다. 이는 Collagen matrix가 3차원적 구조체 역할을 함으로써, 중간엽 줄기세포가 생착하여 활동하는 것을 돕고 신생혈관 생성을 촉진시키는 VEGF를 증가시켜 창상치유를 촉진하는 것으로 여겨진다. 따라서 창상수축을 통한 빠른 창상의 치유를 위해서는 Local injection의 방법으로 MSC를 투여하는 것이 유리하나 화상과 같이 넓은 부위의 창상 치유의 과정에서는 Collagen matrix에 세포를 seeding하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 생각된다.