프로바이오틱스 안전성 평가를 위한 항생제 저항성 유전자의 생물정보학적 분석법 비교

곽우리,김병용 한국유산균프로바이오틱스학회 2022 Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probioti Vol.8 No.1

The detection of the genome-based antibiotic resistance gene is an essential analysis process for the purpose of verifying the safety of probiotic strains, including lactic acid bacteria. In this study, 4 analysis platforms (AMRFinderPlus, staramr, rgi, ABRicate) were used for cross-comparison of 782 genomes corresponding to 19 kinds of probiotic species notified as functional foods. As a result of the analysis, the relatively fewest number of antibiotic resistance genes were detected in strains belonging to the order Lactobacillales, and antibiotic resistance genes were detected in 322 genomes used in the case of 2 types of Enterococcus genus. In addition, the presence and type of antibiotic resistance gene detection showed a lot of difference even for the same genome sequence depending on the database and analysis algorithm used by the analysis platform. These results can be confused in evaluating the potential for transmission of antibiotic resistance genes inherent in specific lactic acid bacteria and predicting potential risks that may occur in the future. Accordingly, it is judged that the antibiotic resistance gene-related analysis criteria need to be established more clearly and specifically in the safety evaluation of probiotic bacteria.

Aspergillus niger를 이용한 곡류발효물의 배양특성 및 α-Glucosidase 활성 저해효과

지수빈,라채훈 한국유산균프로바이오틱스학회 2022 Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probioti Vol.8 No.2

Liquid-state fermentation (LSF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) were carried out to produce enzymes and β-glucan. The modified synthetic medium composition in liquid-state fermentation (LSF) was determined to be 5% (w/v) whole oat flour, 2% (w/v) tryptone, and 2% (w/v) rice bran. The different humidity conditions of oat by solid-state fermentation were evaluated in terms of maximum production of fungal biomass, amylase, protease, and β-glucan, which were 0.23 mg/g, 7,157.38 U/g, 413.67 U/g, and 8.26% (w/w), respectively, at 60% of humidity condition. Moreover, α-glucosidase inhibition activities of fermented oat with 60% humidity at 48 h were shown to be high 49.08% (w/w). Therefore, liquid- and solid-state fermentation processes were found to enhance the overall fermentation yields of oat to produce enzymes and β-glucan.

장내미생물과 퇴행성 뇌질환의 상호작용 특성

오상남(Sangnam Oh),김영훈(Younghoon Kim),문용일(Yong Il Moon) 한국유산균프로바이오틱스학회 2016 Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probioti Vol.4 No.2

Social needs are increasing due to the increase of degenerative brain diseases because of the aging society. The most common type of degenerative brain diseases is Alzheimer s disease and Parkinson s disease, which makes most of cases. New scientific challenges indicate that gut microbiota are directly associated with the progress of degenerative brain diseases through triggering metabolic diseases, modulating immune response, and changing diversity of microbial community. A high-valuable strategy is proposed for the management of these disorders and as an adjuvant for psychiatric treatment of degenerative brain diseases and other related metabolic diseases through modulation of the gut microbiota including probiotics.

김치 유래 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 사균체의 항산화 및 항염 효과

유청빈,이은수,이민경,이가영,박훈 한국유산균프로바이오틱스학회 2022 Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probioti Vol.8 No.2

The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from kimchi and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of heat-killed LAB strains. Regarding probiotic properties, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SMF398 and L. plantarum SMF470 isolated from kimchi can survive under artificial gastric condition and adhere strongly to HT-29 cells. The SMF398 and SMF470 strains showed strong antimicrobial activity and co-aggregation against pathogenic bacteria. The heat-killed cells of LAB (1 mg/mL) were prepared by heating at 121℃ for 15 min. MTT assay revealed that the heat-killed cells (1 mg/mL) of SMF398 and SMF470 were not toxic to HT-29 cells. The heat-killed SMF398 and SMF470 showed significantly higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities as well as β- carotene bleaching inhibitory activity than the heat-killed L. plantarum ATCC14917, a control probiotic strain (p<0.05). In lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells, the heat-killed SMF398 and SMF470 significantly reduced the nitric oxide production by 30.92% and 22.81%, respectively (p<0.05). Furthermore, the heat-killed SMF398 and SMF470 significantly decreased the gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 up to 58.02%, 67.70%, 53.44%, 45.90%, respectively (p<0.05). These results suggest that the heat-killed L. plantarum SMF398 and L. plantarum SMF470 might be useful as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum의 검은콩 발효 특성 및 열처리 발효물의 항산화 효과

황운식,유청빈,이은수,이민경,박수연,박훈 한국유산균프로바이오틱스학회 2022 Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probioti Vol.8 No.1

This study aimed to optimize the fermentation condition of black bean using probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and to evaluate characteristics and antioxidant activity of LAB fermented and heat-treated black bean. Two LAB strains were selected by analysis of acid resistance, bile resistance, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant activity, and identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CH9 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SU18 by 16S rRNA sequencing. Both strains showed similar or higher acid resistance, bile resistance and antimicrobial activity, compared to Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, a commercial probiotic strain. The heat-killed cells of CH9 and SU18 strains showed significantly (p<0.05) higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities than live cells. Fermentation of black bean (30%) treated with Alcalase using the two selected strains was found to be optimal condition, increasing viable cell count of LAB up to 10.8 Log CFU/g. During the fermentation, the titratable acidity of Alcalase-treated black bean was notably increased with concomitant decrease in the pH. LAB fermentation significantly (p<0.05) increased antioxidant activity based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities as well as total phenol content. In addition, total phenol content and antioxidant activity were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced by heat processing (121C, 15 min) of the fermented products. These findings are expected to be useful for the development of various LAB-fermented foods containing heat-killed probiotics.

Bacillus licheniformis와 Lactobacillus casei 2단 발효에 의해 조제된 효소식품

강조은(Jo-Eun Kang),문기성(Gi-Seong Moon) 한국유산균프로바이오틱스학회 2016 Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probioti Vol.4 No.2

1-B-12 strain presenting α-amylase and protease activity was isolated from a local Doenjang product. The strain was identified as Bacillus licheniformis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and named B. licheniformis 1-B-12. A combination of raw materials with unpolished rice (50%), rice bran (30%), and soybean (20%) was best for the enzyme activities. A lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus casei GW140 was applied for co-culture with B. licheniformis 1-B-12 aiming at the production of a function-added enzyme food. Two-step fermentation, where 24 h fermentation with B. licheniformis 1-B-12 and additional 12 h fermentation with L. casei GW140 were performed, resulted in maintenance of both of the enzyme activities and high level of lactic acid bacteria cell count. Furthermore the freeze-dried enzyme food sample was stable at 25℃ for 45 d which was the last day we tested.

목초액에서 분리한 Cytobacillus 속 2균주의 특성 연구

조석철,이용직 한국유산균프로바이오틱스학회 2022 Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probioti Vol.8 No.2

This study aimed to isolate and identify the new strains which can be utilized in fermentation process for the production of functional materials. Isolation of the new microorganism in wood vinegar, natural liquid material generated from the carbonization of various trees was studied. Marine agar medium was used for the isolation of halo-tolerant bacteria. Using a sterilized toothpick, transfer same shape colonies to agar plates and continuous cultivation of colonies at 37℃ for several days, 2 colonies were isolated. Through the 16S-based ID service, isolated strains were identified as Cytobacillus species. Verifying the industrial values of the two isolated strains, the productivities of various enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease were confirmed. As a result, isolated 2 strains showed amylase and protease activities which means the possibility of applying to biological processes in the food and cosmetic industries.

Leuconostoc mesenteroides CJNU 0147 균주를 적용한 발효 자몽추출물의 장내 유해세균 억제 및 비피도박테리아 증식 효과

오승준,김자이,김혜련,문기성 한국유산균프로바이오틱스학회 2022 Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probioti Vol.8 No.2

Grapefruit extract rich in functional substances adjusting pH 5.0 and adding sucrose (final concentration, 2%) was fermented by Leuconostoc mesenteroides CJNU 0147 strain, consequently prepared a fermented grapefruit extract containing dextran. As a result of analyzing the growth inhibitory effect on gut harmful bacterium Clostridium difficile strain using the prepared fermented grapefruit extract, the viable cell count was significantly reduced (p<0.05 vs. control for 0.5 brix as a final concentration; p<0.001 vs. control for 1.0 brix). On the other hand, the proliferative ability of the extract for Bifidobacterium breve strain, which is one of the species of the genus Bifidobacterium well known as human gut beneficial bacteria, was confirmed (p<0.001 vs. control for both 0.5 and 1.0 brix). These results indicate fermented grapefruit extract with Leu. mesenteroides CJNU 0147 strain inhibits the growth of gut harmful bacterium C. difficile and promotes the proliferation of beneficial bacterium B. breve and is expected to be used as a functional food material for gut health.

상황버섯(Phellinus baumii) 균사체 액체배양 포스트바이오틱스의 면역자극활성

김연숙,신현영,김훈,정은진,구자평,하은지,김가을에,정세빈,서형주,신광순,유광원 한국유산균프로바이오틱스학회 2022 Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probioti Vol.8 No.2

After liquid culture of Phellinus baumii (P. baumii) mycelium (LPBM) was prepared, LPBM was fractionated into A∼E fraction (A; hot-water extract of liquid culture including mycelia, B; crude polysaccharide of A, C; hot-water extract of mycelia, D; crude polysaccharide of C, and E; crude polysaccharide of culture broth) to evaluate for possibility as functional materials with immunostimulatory activity. In macrophage stimulatory activity, E fraction as postbiotics significantly increased secretion of NO and IL-12 from RAW 264.7 cells. Next, when the splenocytes of C3H/HeN mice were primary cultured, E fraction showed significantly mitogenic activity with enhancing mitogen-related cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) production from splenocyte. E fraction also potently stimulated GM-CSF production from Peyer’s patch cells as well as Peyer’s patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation. In addition, the immunostimularoy E fraction contained neutral sugar (73.8%), uronic acid (10.6%), protein (7.8%), and polyphenol (7.5%), and mainly consisted of glucose (39.1%), galactose (21.7%), mannose (11.1%), galacturonic acid (9.9%), and arabinose (8.9%) as component sugars. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that postbiotics including exopolysaccharide fractionated from liquid culture of the P. baumii mycelium could enhanced immunostimulatory activity.

천연 생약에서 추출한 지표성분들의 모발 성장에 미치는 영향

최부영(Bu Young Choi) 한국유산균프로바이오틱스학회 2023 Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probioti Vol.9 No.2

Many people around the world are stressed by hair loss, and drug-based therapies (minoxidil, finasteride) are available for the treatment of alopecia, but they have several side effects. Therefore, in order to reduce the side effects of anti-hair loss drugs, the use of new treatments using products developed from natural extracts has been emphasized. In this study, we focused on the mechanisms underlying the hair growth-promoting effects of marker compounds of natural herbal extracts. The 32 marker compounds of natural herbal (10 μM) were used to evaluate the growth of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells, the expression of mRNA genes, and the signaling transcription factor activities of Wnt and JAKs. Seven marker compounds were selected that induced equal or greater growth than minoxidil or tofacitinib in cell growth. For the seven marker compounds, we evaluated the expression of mRNA genes and the transcriptional activities of Wnt/β-catenin and IL-4/JAK3-STAT6, which are major signaling pathways that regulate hair growth. As a result of the evaluation, it was scientifically proven that the 4 marker compounds (honokiol, isoalantolactone, broussochalcone A, and 3-deoxysappanone B) induce hair growth. I have suggested the possibility of developing a natural product for improving hair loss with 4 marker compounds.