A Review on The Agricultural Trade in Korea : 對美貿易을 中心으로 With Special Reference to U.S.

潘性紈 서울대학교농과대학농업개발연구소 1989 서울대농학연구지 Vol.14 No.1

1960年代 以後 韓國經濟는 輸出主導型 外向的 經濟開發計劃으로 刮目할만한 成長을 이룩하였다. 그러나 이러한 經濟政策으로 因해 農業部門에 對한 投資는 그의 國民經濟에의 貢獻度에 미치지 못하여 農業의 成長은 非農業部門에 比하여 크게 뒤지게 되고, 그 結果로 相對的 地位가 현저하게 低下하고 있는 實情이다. 그럼에도 不拘하고 近來에 와서 對美貿易黑字로 因해 美國으로부터 農産物市場의 開放을 强力하게 要求 當하고 있다. 그러나 韓國農業은 그 零細性으로 因해 市場의 完全開放은 農業을 破綻으로 이끌것으로 展望된다. 本 硏究는 韓國農業 및 對美貿易의 實相을 밝히고 市場開放化의 實相을 개략적으로 考察한다. 1. 韓國의 農民 1人當 耕地面積은 美國農民의 그것에 比하여 1%에 不過하여 規模面에서 競爭의 相對가 되지 않는다. 2. 1987년의 總輸出은 47,281百萬弗이고 輸入은 41,019百萬弗로서 6,262百萬弗의 貿易黑字를 實現했다. 3. 對美輸出은 總輸出의 38.1%인 18,000百萬弗, 輸入은 總輸入의 21.5%인 8,800百萬弗로서 9,200百萬弗의 貿易黑字를 나타냈다. 4. 한편 農業貿易은 輸出 725百萬弗, 輸入 4,204百萬弗로서 農業部門에서는 3,479百萬弗의 貿易赤字를 나타냈다. 5. 對美農業貿易에 있어서는 輸出 82百萬弗, 輸入 1,984百萬弗로서 1,902百萬弗의 貿易赤字를 나타냈다. 6. 美國으로부터의 農産物輸入은 1980∼1985년 사이에 全體農産物輸入의 約 54%를 占하였으나 1987년에는 47.2%로 떨어졌다. 6. 韓國農業은 關稅와 쿼터等 物量的인 輸入制限으로 保護되고 있으나, 關稅보다는 物量的 輸入制限의 役割이 相對的으로 크다. 1987년의 경우 名目保護率은 쌀 94%, 大豆 397%, 쇠고기 82%, 豚肉 60%였다. 7. 1987년 現在로 780品目의 農水産物의 輸入이 自由化되어 輸入自由化率은 74%이며 이는 全商品의 輸入自由化率 94%보다는 낮은 實情이다. 8. 農産物輸入을 完全開放하면 價格下落, 生産減退를 통해 農家의 實質所得이 크게 떨어질 것으로 한 硏究結果는 展望하고 있다. 예컨대 쌀 輸入의 完全開放은 價格이 62.1% 下落하고 生産이 30.6% 減退할 것이고, 쇠고기의 輸入自由化는 價格을 58.5%, 生産을 41.2% 減少시킬 것으로 추정하고 있다. 그리고 쌀, 大豆, 쇠고기 및 돼지의 輸入自由化는 農家의 實質所得을 約 35% 減少시킬 것으로 展望하고 있다.

農業用 鐵筋콘크리트 사이로의 最適設計

金志晩,高在君 서울大學校農科大學 農業開發硏究所 1991 서울대농학연구지 Vol.16 No.1

본 硏究에서 SUMT法과 逐次線型計劃法을 이용하여 農業用 鐵筋콘크리트 사이로의 最適設計를 遂行하여 얻어진 結果은 다음과 같다. 1. 目的函數나 각 設計變數의 反復回數에 따른 收斂特性은 SUMT法인 경우 2, 3회 程度의 振動現象을 보이며 동일한 傾向으로 收斂하며, 逐次線型計劃法의 경우에는 7, 8회 이내에 기울기가 0이되어 收斂됨을 알 수 있었다. 2. 사이로 軀體의 圓環引長力에 의한 必要 鐵筋量과 基礎의 폭과 두께에 대한 最適設計 結果와 미국 ISA의 農業用 鐵筋 콘크리트 사이로 設計 基準表를 比較分析한 結果, 本 硏究의 프로그램은 適用可能한 것으로 判斷되었다. 3. 사이로 軀體를 10등분 한 것이 3등분한 것보다 建設經費면에서 5∼6% 程度 效率이 좋게 나타났다. 4. SUMT법과 逐次線型計劃法에 대하여 比較分析한 결과 建設經費면에서 다소 SUMT법이 效率的으로 나타났고, 收斂速度나 實行時間면에서는 그 差異를 발견할 수 없었다. 이는 컴퓨터의 性能이 向上되므로서 나타나는 結果로 判斷된다. Optimal theory is used to prove better economics than those by the existing design method of reinforced concrete farm silos. The aims of this study are not only to study the difference between results from the SUMT and those from the SLP, but also to analyze and compare those results to the conventional empirical design method. To design the reinforced concrete farm silos by optimal theory, the substructure of silo is decomposed into 3 parts-body, floor, and footing. The results are summarized as follows; 1. After 2 or 3 times of osciliations, the SUMT approaches the constant object value, but so does the SLP after 7 or 8 oscillations. 2. Comparing with the results from the ISA, optimal values of the design variable are so similar that the developed computer program by this study seems to be usable and efficient. 3. Analysis by dividing the silo body into 10 parts turns Out to be more economical by 5∼6% than into 3 parts. 4. Comparing the results from between the SUMT and the SLP, objective value by the SUMT is a little cheaper than that by the SLP, however approaching or run-time is too close to find any difference.

몇개의 生長調節物質이 콩의 수량에 미치는 영향

林雄圭 서울대학교농과대학농업개발연구소 1990 서울대농학연구지 Vol.15 No.1

콩의 品種 장엽을 공시하여 수원 所在 서울大學校 農科大學 실험포장에서 韓國化學硏究所가 合成한 植物生長 調節物質 KP-2, KP-8, KP-9의 3種類는 콩에 대한 處理에서 植物의 영양생장 및 곡실生産에 아무런 증수效果를 나타내지 않았다. KP-15의 0.1 ppm處理는 콩 꼬투리수를 有意하게 增加시켰고 또한 곡실 生産을 각각 15.8% 증수시켰다. TRIA의 0.1 ppm處理는 콩 꼬투리수를 현저히 增加시켰고 또한 곡실生産을 30.1%나 증수시켰다. Jangyop, the variety of soybean, was used for experiment at the experimental farm of College of Agriculture, Seoul National University located at Suwon, Kyunggido Province. The experiment was carried out applying 4-replication randomized block design which was treated with the plant growth regulating substance of KP-2, KP-8, KP-9 and KP-15 synthesized by Korea Chemical Laboratory and Triacontanol at 3 levels of 0.1 ppm, 1.0 ppm and 10 ppm. The treatment of soybean with KP-2, KP-8 and KP-9 showed no effect on the vegetative growth and increased grain yield. Soybean treated with KP-15 at 0.1ppm was increased significantly in the number of its legumes and grain yield by 15.8%. The treatment of soybean at 0.1ppm of Triacontanol increased markedly the number of legumes and increased grain yield by 30.1%.

水原樹木園 植物目錄(Ⅰ)

附屬樹木園 서울대학교농과대학농업개발연구소 1989 서울대농학연구지 Vol.14 No.2

본 대학 수목운은 관악산에 위치하고 있는 안양수목원과 수원에 있는 수원수목원으로 나누어져 있으며, 1971년 10월에 대통령령 5,666호로서 서울대학교 농과대학의 부속기관으로서 법적인 위치를 차지하게 되었다. 수원수목원의 조성 면적은 약 21ha로서 구원시 서둔동에서 고색동에 이르는 도로에 의하여 자연적으로 동서수목원으로 구분되어진다. 동편수목원은 본 대학 남학생 기숙사인 상록사 앞쪽의 지구로 약 8.5ha 의 면적이며, 서편수목원은 본 대학 부속농장 남쪽의 노송지구로 면적은 약 13.5ha이다. 동편수목원에는 침엽수원, 활록수원, 식의식물원, 덩굴식물원, 조림수원, 국토녹화수원 등 가로수원으로 구성되어 있으며, 서편수목원은 자디원, 화관목원, 기증수목원, 생울타리견본원, 시 · 도목원, 조경수원, 유실수원, 숙근초 관찰원 등으로 구분되어진다. 동편수목원에는 장미과(Rosaceae), 소나무과(Pinaceae), 주목과(Taxaceae), 측백나무과(Cupressaceae), 자작나무과(Betulaceae), 층층나무과(Cornaceae)의 식물이 주로 식재되어 있으며, 서편수목원에는 범의귀과(Saxifragaceae), 소나무과(Pinaceae), 진달래과(Ericaceae), 콩과(Leguminosae), 인동과(Caprifoliaceae), 노박덩굴과(Celastraceae)의 식물들이 주로 식재되어 있다.

農科大學의 國際化 對應에 관한 硏究 : The Case of the Seoul National University College of Agriculture 서울大學校 農科大學과의 聯關에서

金性洙,王仁權 서울대학교농과대학농업개발연구소 1990 서울대농학연구지 Vol.15 No.1

The general objective of the study was to explore an expanded 'fourth' function of 'International Agricultural Development Activities' of Korean agricultural colleges, Seoul National University College of Agriculture (SNUCA), in particular. In order to attain the general objective, some detailed objectives were formulated: (a) to systematically understand the basic concept of and need for the expanded new function; (b) to make an overview of highly selected foreign agricultural colleges' international agricultural activities with special reference to those in the United States, the firstcomer developed country in the field; and (c) to make a projection on the function to be planned and implemented by the SUNCA. The significance or meaning of the study may be very briefly summarized. First, the Korean national development has been such that Korea has become the most typical firstcomer developing country or newly-industrializing country or economy. Consequently, Korea's most leading SNUCA in higher agricultural learning institutions has been greatly and well developed. Second, being the most typical and forwarding 'more-developed' developing country with tremendous industrialization in such a shorter span of time since the early part of the 1960s, Korea has been expected and sought by so many latecomer developing countries, that is, 'less-developed' developing countries the world over as an appropriate origin for their national development technology, the agricultural and rural development technology, in particular, for their rather immediate utilization, which are mostly agriculture-based so badly lagged. Third, Korea's markedly enhanced status in the international community needs to strengthen her international involvements in terms of development cooperation for the latecomer developing countries the more, for the international development activities, namely, 'International Agricultural Development Activities,' to be planned and implemented for the very unfortunate countries, which would prove of national benefit, too. And finally, fourth, the traditional international donors, for example, the United States, have become weakened, and in this highly internationalization era, Korea as one of the newly-emerging country has to assume the leadership as an international donor, in this case, in the field of agricultural development, to be genuinely internationalized herself. The study had a couple of no small limitations or difficulties: (a) since this study was the first of its kind conducted in Korea, reference information could hardly be found locally, (b) in getting relevant information from arbitrarily selected agricultural colleges in other countries which could be considered far more experienced in the field, only two or three cases could be evaluated satisfactory though almost all (16 out of 17) responded to the information-seeking letters-cum-questionnaires sent. Especially, Dr. Jiryis Oweis of the Board for International Food and Agricultural Development (BIFAD), Department of State of the United States, was very much helpful and Dr. E. W. Coward, Jr., Director, International Agriculture and Professor of Rural Sociology and Asian Studies, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, has forwarded the most comprehensive and relevant information. and (c) taking into consideration the fact that this study is of an exploratory nature, contents or the scope of the study was intentionally made limited. From a review of some foreign agricultural colleges' international agricultural activities with special reference to those of the United States, the following were found. (A) Universities or agricultural colleges' authodox and/or fundamental functions of teaching, research and public services have to be supplemented by a fourth function of 'International Agricultural Development Activities' in more developed countries, especially with a view to helping develop so many latecomer developing countries the world over. (B) The new function is not the kind of an one-way, one-direction flow one from more developed countries' agricultural colleges to those in less developed developing countries. The field experiences are fed back to the donor colleges so that they are integrated into the already operating three functions very much to give international perspectives and trainings to students and public or private parties interested in this intensified era of internationalization or globalization. (C) Universities themselves, government authorities concerned, private firms and organizations interested, and major foundations should have recognition, commitments and actual supports for the endeavour. In other words, agricultural colleges must do what they should do and relevant external agencies and organizations must do what they should consider as necessary. (D) the traditional 'Exchange Program' is only part of the International Agricultural Development Function which is far more comprehensive when well developed though the student and faculty exchange program may be considered the core of the international function, being the traditional nucleus of the 'Internationalization of Universities or Agricultural Colleges' in an era of internationalization for human being's symbiotic existence. And (E) the international agricultural development activities have to adopt an interdisciplinary approach among relevant disciplines. In particular, it must be imperative for any development projects to have social scientists formally participated in. In other words, agricultural or rural social sciences, such as agricultural economics, rural sociology, and agricultural and extension education must be represented in any development cooperation teams. Some of the more imortant findings and projections worked out from this study which, among others, aimed at exploring the international agricultural development function for the Seoul National University College of Agriculture of Korea, may be: A) It would be confidently pointed out that faculties of the SNUCA were very much enthusiastic and willing to take up the fourth function of international activities for which basic capacity or qualifications are almost same with or equal to those in other foreign agricultural colleges of significant attention. (B) The Korean government authorities have just initiated to extend development cooperation to latecomer developing countries in the field of, agricultural development, which fact implies, among others, the government authorities concerned should pay their serious attention to the agricultural colleges' role in the framework of the official development cooperation programs. Unfortunately, in the past, the SNUCA and other agricultural colleges used to be given little or no attention at all by the government authorities concerned, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, for example;. the SNUCA is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education in Korea. (C) The SNUCA must do what it. should do within its reach and management: creation of an institutional set-up such as an office of international agricultural development programs; encouraging to set up international courses, preferably of interdisciplinary character when considered pertinent; encouraging to infuse international flavour and perspectives Into existing courses as much as possible; increasing the number of cooperating agricultural colleges primarily in latecomer developing countries, accepting more students from them, together with faculties, who should be accommodated in a dormitory provided; establishing the missing disciplinary departmental set-up for 'Rural Sociology,' etc. (D) In line with the SNUCA's projects, the University headquarters and the Ministry of Education and other ministries concerned should provide the faculties with financial resources so that they could conduct research studies and teaching in cooperation with cooperating agricultural colleges in the very recipient countries. As far as the agricultural industry is concerned, this would enable to make up what Korea badly lacks in the so-called 'Area Studies.' (E) Major private foundations presently found locally, numbering five or so which have interests in promoting academic progress, should turn their attention to the SNUCA's international agricultural development activities for the very unfortunate lagged countries, most of which, naturally are agriculture-based with much to do for improvement, as historically the United States' cases have demonstrated. As a sort of the conclusion of the study, a proposition-like statement may be advanced: the international development function of the Seoul National University College of Agriculture should be integrated into the existing three traditional ones not only for the development of the SNUCA but also for the national interests and needs in this ever-increasing internationalization era as the most important measure to cope with the international developmental challenges.

우리나라 造景工事用 樹種 多樣化方案에 關한 硏究

李根昌,安建鏞 서울大學校農科大學 農業開發硏究所 1991 서울대농학연구지 Vol.16 No.1

本 硏究는 現在의 特定樹種 偏重 反復使用으로 인한 公營開發地域內 景觀의 劃一化를 防止하기 위하여 造景工事用 樹種選定과 需給에 있어서의 問題點을 積極的으로 改善하여 使用樹種을 多樣化하는 方案을 提示하는데 目的이 있다. 이를 위해 韓國道路公社, 大韓住宅公社, 韓國土地開發公社가 1985∼1989年에 걸쳐 施行한 造景工事에 使用된 樹木實態를 把握하였고, 우리나라 造景樹木 保有現況을 알기 위해 50個 造景業體와山林廳, 山林組合中央會 등에서 保有한 樹木을 調査하였으며, 造景專門分野從事者들의 意見을 알기 위해 139名을 對象으로 設問調査를 實施하였다. 調査된 資料를 綜合分析하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 우리나라 公共部門 造景工事의 樹木 使用實態와 保有現況을 比較해 보면 各性狀別로 一部樹種이 偏重生産, 使用되며 많이 使用되는 樹種이 生産도 많이 되는 것으로 나타났고, 使用量이 上位인 大部分의 樹種이 告示樹種에 局限되어 있으며, 造景樹木에 대한 情報傳達體制가 취약하여 生産者는 需要判斷이 不確實하므로 告示樹種爲主로 集中生産하고 發注者는 새로운 樹種에 대하여 供給可能 여부를 正確하게 알 수 없어 價値있는 生産樹木이 있어도 他樹種을 選定하고마는 악순환이 거듭되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 大部分의 造景專門人들은 現在 使用되는 樹種이 多樣하지 못하여 樹種擴大 必要性을 느끼고 樹木의 偏重反復 使用으로 造成되는 景觀이 劃一化됨을 알고 있으며, 이를 防止하기 위하여 向後 開發普及되어야 할 樹木의 視覺的 特性으로 性狀은 常綠闊葉喬木, 樹形은 우산형, 꽃색과 줄기색은 白色系, 열매식은 赤色系, 단풍색은 紅色系, 質感은 고움, 가지의 선은 曲技인 것에 대한 要求度가 가장 높았다. 3. 樹木의 視覺的 特性과 造景專門人들의 意見을 綜合한 結果, 樹種 多樣化를 위해 우선 生産供給되어야 할 樹種은 구상나무, 백송, 아왜나무, 동청목, 참나무類, 산사나무, 산딸나무, 팥배나무, 회화나무, 복자기나무, 미선나무 등으로 나타났다. 4. 樹種 多樣化 方案으로는 適正樹木價 算出 및 品質別 價格差等 適用으로 生産者의 投資利益을 保障하여 再投資를 誘導, 새롭고 價値있는 樹種을 開發供給하게 하여 告示되게한후 設計者의 多樣한 樹種選定이 可能하게 하고 樹木需要豫告制, 契約養苗實施 및 流通專擔機構를 設置 樹木의 流通構造改善과 安定的 供給의 기틀을 마련하여야 하며, 開發林地內 野生鄕土樹木은 積極 移植活用해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. Currently, repeated planting of limited kinds of trees makes a landscape in development areas monotoneous. This phenomenon is serious in the areas developed by government base. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest methods to increase both kinds and numbers of usable landscape plants by analyses of current mechanism of landscape plant, in terms of selection, and demand and supply. Three different methodologies were utilized for this study: (i) survey of both kinds and numbers of plants planted by the Korea Highway Corporation, the Korea National Housing Corporation, and the Korea Land Development Corporation during 1985-1989; (ii) survey of both kinds and numbers of plants possessed by landscape firms, the Forestry Administration, and the National Federation of Forestry Association; and (iii) survey of 139 professional landscape architects to identify both visual characteristics and kinds of landscape plants for future needs and development methods to diversify usable landscape plants. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Results from comparison of plants which were planted in the development area and plants which were possessed by the firms and institutions shows that: (i) only limited types of trees were supplied and planted, and types of trees in large demand were cultivated in large quantities; (ii) most of them were included in the landscape plant items in a government notice; and (iii) lack of information and communication between suppliers and consumers of plants leads suppliers to pay emphasis on producing noticed plants in order to avoid monetarial risk and consumers to choose available plants in a market in order to avoid unavailable risk although they have special favor to specific kinds of trees which are omitted in government notice. This phenomenon results in a vicious circle in the landscape plant selection mechanism. 2. Most of professional landscape architects knew that only limited kinds of plants are used, and repeated use of this limited kinds of plants make a landscape of development area monotoneous. They suggested that plants should have one of the following characteristics to give a variety to landscape: (i) evergreen broad-leaved trees; (ii) umbrella-canopy type tree; (iii) trees with white flower and trunk; (iv) trees with red fruit; (v) trees with red leaves in autumn; (vi) trees with fine texture; and (vii) trees with curving twig. 3. Analyses of 7 visual characteristics, mentioned above, and opinions of professional landscape architects show that Abies koreana, Pinus bungeana, Viburnum awabuki, Ilex pedunculosa, Quercus, Craraegus pinnatifida, Cornus kousa, Sorbus alnifolia, Sophora japonica. Acer triflorum, and Abeliophyllum distichum should have high priority in supply. 4. Professional landscape architects suggested that profit of producers should be guaranteed by reasonable prices of plants and product differentation by qualities of trees, which encourage producers to re-investment in nursery business in order to supply and develop a variety of kinds of trees Then, if they have enough quantities to be included in plant items in government notice, consumers could have more choices in plant selection Also, they suggested (i) introduction of an advance notice system for needed quantities for specific kinds of plants, and nursery system by contract; and (ii) establishment of distribution organization to improve current distribution system and to secure enough availability of plants; and (iii) encouragement of transplanting native plants from areas which have plan to be developed.

Quality of Life in Rural Areas of Developing Countries : An Introductory Note

Wang, In Keun 서울대학교농과대학농업개발연구소 1990 서울대농학연구지 Vol.15 No.2

오늘날 세계의 모든 저개발지역에 있어서 가장 크나 큰 도전은 빈곤의 극복 내지 타파로 되어 있는데 이는 경제성장에 의하여서만 이룩되는 것은 아니고 이룩된 경제성장의 성과를 적절하게 배분하여야만 가능하다. 다시 말하면 다수자적인 빈곤의 농촌인은 가용적인 근대적 기술 및 용역이 가져다 주는 익익을 활용하게 되어야만 되는데 이의 대표적인 도구 내지 수단이 바로 농촌개발이다. 그리하여 이와같은 농촌인의 복지를 가늠하는 종합적인 지표로서 "삶의 질"이 개념활용화 되어오고 있는데 본고에서는 개발도상국을 위주로 한 것이지만 이와같은 농촌지역의 삶의 질의 개념을 서설적으로 간결하게 살폈다. 아울러 주로 아세아 지역의 농촌지역의 삶의 질에 관한 문헌조사의 결과를 극히 간략하게 추수적으로 기술 하였다.

관악수목원의 곤충상(Ⅰ)

조광선,우건석 서울대학교농과대학농업개발연구소 1989 서울대농학연구지 Vol.14 No.2

Field Collections were made during the period from May to September in 1989 at Kwanak Arboretum (Anyang). The 83 species of insects are recorded in this paper. The identified species are as follows: Order Family Species Order Family Species Odonata 2 4 Coleoptera 11 31 Blattaria 1 2 Diptera 8 13 Hemiptera 8 12 Hymenoptera 12 18 Lepidoptera 2 3

쌀 加工 多樣化를 위한 新素材 開發 : for Diverse Amylose Contents 특히 amylose含量 變異體의 育成

許文會 서울大學校農科大學 農業開發硏究所 1991 서울대농학연구지 Vol.16 No.1

쌀 加工 多樣化를 위한 新素材 開發의 한 方向으로 amylose含量 變異體 育成을 위하여 本 硏究室이 傾注하여온 努力들 中 基礎的인 情報 즉 環境 및 遺傳變異에 關한 實驗結果를 綜合하여 外國에서 報告된 結果와 對照하면서 앞으로의 硏究에 寄與하고자 檢討하였다. 그 結果는 다음과 같이 要約된다. 1. 쌀 amylose含量의 環境變異 amylose含量은 年次間 變異가 有意할 만 한데 주로 當年의 氣溫에 影響을 받는다. 栽培時期 移動의 影響도 氣溫이 急降下하는 時期 以後에 出穗한 環境 影響이 留意할 만 한데 中·低水準의 amylose含量을 가진 品種에서 그 影響이 컸다. 播種期 및 收穫期 移動도 위와 같은 結果였다. 高溫과 短日은 amylose含量을 낮게하는데 出穗前後의 短日處理의 影響은 品種에 따라 달랐다. 施肥量의 影響은 留意할 만한 것이 못되었고 米粒의 成長 段階別로보면 出穗後 10日頃까지는 品種固有의 含量에 達하고 그 後는 變化가 없었다. 2. 品種간 變異 우리가 蒐集 育成한 메벼 育種 材料들의 amylose含量은 Japoniac들 中에서는 5.4∼30.5% Indica 中에서는 8.6∼31.0%의 範圍에서 變異하고 있는데 育成中인 突然變異體 中에서는 이보다 더 높은 것, 낮은 것들이 나올 것으로 期待한다. 3. 遺傳變異 찰과 메의 交配組合에서나 L-maylose와 H-amylose의 組合에서도 Dosage效果는 加算的이었으나 L-amylose와 H-amylose組合에서 高amylose의 첫 dose가 두드러지게 差가 나는 것으로 보아 이것이 優性임을 나타내었다. wx, opaque, 普通메 相互間의 交配를 通하여 amylose含量에 關해 wx遺傳子 자리에 multi-allele 關係가 있음을 確認하였다. 찰과 메와의 複對立 遺傳關係를 利用하여 熱帶 Indica에서 耐性 遺傳子를 導入하는 경우 amylose含量 分析을 省略할 수 있는 wx-high productive plant type carrier 育種法을 創案하였다. 4. MNU를 利用하여 여러 가지 amylose含量을 가지 突然變異體를 誘起할 수 있음을 外國에서의 例와 우리의 成績을 가지고 提示하였다. 5. ADV의 環境에 依한 變異는 高溫短日에서 ADV가 낮아지고 其他環境의 影響은 微微함을 確認하였다. 一般的으로 Indica는 낮고 Japonica는 높으네, 낮은것이 優性이고 優性의 程度는 分明하여 dosage效果는 加算的이지만 微微하다. To breed the new genetic traits for diversified processing quality of rice, studies were made on the environmental and genetic variability of amylose contents of rice starches in Suwon College farm during last 20 years. The results were discussed here and they are summarized as follows; 1. Environmental variability of amylose contents; The year variation of amylose content is significant due to mainly air temperature. Seasonal variation were also significant mainly due to low temperature for the delayed heading. The varieties with medium or low amylose were more variable. The effect of shifting of seeding and transplanting date were almost same as seasonal variability. The high temperature and short-day lowered down the amylose contents. The effects of short-day treatment before or after heading were variable depending on the cultivar tested. The increased nitrogen application showed general tendency of reduced amylose contents but it was not significant. The P and K fertilizers did not show consistent effects. The amylose content in the grain during grain development reached to the varietal constant by 10∼15 days after heading, thence no significant changes were noticed. 2. Varietal variability; The breeding materials which we have collected and bred showed amylose contents 5.4∼30.5% with Japonicas and 8.6∼31.0% with Indicas. Some newly derived mutants were showing wider variabilities in both Japonicas and Indicas. 3. Genetic variability; From the study of dosage effects with waxy, low and high amylose varieties, it was confirmed that the dosage effects were additive, non-waxy is dominant over waxy and high amylose one is dominant over low amylose one. From the study of genetic segregations of the hybrids among waxy, opaque and non-waxy, it was made clear that the genes wx, ?? and ?? for the waxy, opaque and common non-waxy respectively are multi-allelic each other locating on wx locus. Utilizing the multi-allelism of high-low amylose contents we have developed the "waxy high productive plant type carrier breeding technique" through which a breeder can save the laborious processes for the chemical analysis of amylose contents. 4. Mutation for the amylose variants; The feasibility of breeding further variants for amylose contents through chemical mutations was demonstrated. 5. Alkali digestibility value(ADV); About the environmental variability of ADV, the effects of high temperature and short-day treatment caused the lower ADV. No other significant environmental effects were noticed on ADV. The low ADV was dominant over high ADV. The dosage effect was less significant but it was additive.

돼지의 經濟形質에 미치는 品種과 檢定時期間 相互作用의 效果

朴英一,李俊佑,金洛煥 서울大學校農科大學 農業開發硏究所 1991 서울대농학연구지 Vol.16 No.1

1984年 7月부터 1990年 9月까지 공인 種豚 能力檢定所에서 能力檢定된 Yokshire種, Landrace種 및 Duroc種 수퇘지 5,604頭에 대한 資料에 근거하여 品種과 檢定開始 時期間 相互作用이 돼지의 日當 增體量, 飼料要求率 및 등脂肪 두께에 미치는 效果를 추정하였으며 資料의 統計分析에는 最小自乘法을 이용하였다. 品種과 檢定開始 時期間 相互作用의 效果는 飼料要求率과 등脂肪 두께에 대하여 統計的 유의성이 있었으나 日當 增體量에 대하여는 유의성이 없었다. 세 品種間 飼料要求率의 차이는 5-6月 및 7-8月에 檢定이 開始된 돼지에 비하여 1-2月에 檢定이 開始된 돼지에서 작게 추정되었다. Duroc種의 등脂肪 두께에 대한 Yorkshire種과 Landrace種의 순위는 檢定開始 時期에 따라 다른 경향이 있었다. The effect of the interaction between breed and testing time on average daily gain, feed efficiency and backfat thickness was estimated on the basis of the record from 5604 boars of Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc breeds performance tested at the Korea Swine Testing Station from July, 1984 to September, 1990. The data were statistically analysed by the least squares method. The effect of the interaction between breed and testing time was statistically significant for feed efficiency and backfat thickness, but was not significant for average daily gain. The differences of feed efficiency among the three breeds were smaller in the boars which started the test in January-February as compared with the boars which started the test in May-June or July-August. In all testing times, the Duroc had the thickest backfat, but the rankings of the Yorkshire and Landrace for the backfat thickness were inconsistent depending on the time when the test was started.