Endeavors of the central and East European countries to join the European Union

Neszme>lyi, Gyo@rgy 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 동유럽·발칸연구소 2002 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.11 No.1

The prospectives of the economic cooperation between Hungary and the republic of Korea focusing on the food-and agricultural sector

Gyo@rgy, Neszme>l Yi 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 동유럽·발칸연구소 2001 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.10 No.1

동남 아시아 국가들의 거시적 경제발전에 관한 연구 - 1990년대 중반 헝가리의 관점에서 -

Gy?rgy Neszm?lyi 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 동유럽발칸연구소 2003 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.11 No.2

The paper attempts to provide a peculiar analysis for Korean readers about the adaptable lessons of the Asian newly industrializing economis. The basic source of this paper is the doctoral thesis of the author, which he defended in Hungary in 1997. The day, when he defended his theses (June 18, 1997) was just two weeks before Hong Kong returned to China, and also only a few weeks before the Asian financial-economic crisis (which in Korea called as "IMF-crisis") – almost unexpectedly - emerged and escalated rapidly in the majority of the East- and Southeast Asian economies. The author selected the main lessons and conclusions of his research, and provides an updated summary in this paper. The author reviewed the common characteristics of the economic development of the Newly Industrializing Asian Economies (ANIEs). Through the case-studies of the Republic of Korea and Thailand also investigated the socio-economic relations of this peculiar way of development in details, with a special focus of the agricultural sector. The Author pointed out considerable differences among the certain developmental waves of the ANIEs, his conclusion is, that a reliable, comprehensive model of development (“tigress-model”) cannot be set up. The Author, gives a summary - from Hungarian view - of those factors of developmental experience in the examined countries, which can be adaptable for other countries. The paper contains also a review of the special characteristics of the economic relations between the examined region and Hungary, with suggestions for the further enlargement of trade and economic cooperation. 본 논문의 목적은 아시아 국가들의 경제발전에 관한 사례와 선례에 대하여 헝가리의 관점에 에서 분석한 것이다. 특히 IMF로 대표되는 아시아의 경제위기와 홍콩의 중국반환이라는 세기적 사건을 경험하며, 이 지역에서의 경제 발전은 문제가 보여지는 듯 하기도 하였다. 그러나 한국을 포함한 아시아 신흥공업국들은 이 위기를 무사히 넘겼으며, 오히려 보다 긍정적인 경제 성장 효과도 나타나고 있다. 이 논문에서는 아시아 국가들, 특히 동남아시아 국가들의 경제 발전에 관한 현상과 논리를 헝가리의 시각에서 바라보고자 한다. 여기서 헝가리의 시각이란 필자가 연구한 지적 풍토와 분위기가 아시아의 그것과 다르다는 점을 인정하고 상정한다는 의미이다. 현재 경제발전과 개발이라는 두 목표는 헝가리 정부의 당면 과제이며 시급히 풀어야 할 숙제이다. 특히 사회주의로부터 시장경제체제로의 이행을 경험하고 있는 헝가리는 전 세계적으로 보여지고 있는 급속한 자본화와 세계화의 논의가 향후 그들에게 어떠한 영양을 미칠지 중대한 관심을 표명하고 있다. 이러한 시기에 동남 아시아 국가들의 경제적 발전에 대한 분석은 좋은 예가 될 것이다. 논문의 대부분은 필자의 박사학위 논문을 위하여 준비되었으나, 수정과 가필을 하였으며, 2002년의 시점에서 최신의 통계자료들을 추가하였다.

EU 가입을 위한 중동부 유럽 국가들의 노력 : 헝가리를 중심으로

Gy?rgy Neszm?lyi 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 동유럽발칸연구소 2002 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.11 No.1

This paper attempts to provide a brief introduction to Hungary's efforts to join the European Union, making complete her return to the community of the democratic a free market-oriented European countries. The paper tries to answer the question why Hungary is interested in the accession and - on the other hand - what are the reasons, why the present EU members can be interested to admit Hungary and the other candidates. Ten years ago Hungary signed the European Agreement, becoming an associated "member" of the Union, enjoying already - and providing - special treatment in various fields to and from the Union: tariff reductions, quotas in trade, the partnership has made already a limited access to certain EU funds and supports. The paper gives also an overview on the present accession negotiations, pointing out their main principles, and also some of the sensitive issues, which has to be discussed and agreed as well, before Hungary gains the full-fledge membership.

The Prospectives of the Economic Cooperation between Hungary and the Republic of Korea Focusing on the Food-and Agricultural Sector

Gyö,rgy NESZMÉ,LYI 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 동유럽발칸연구소 2001 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.10 No.1

This article aims to review the background of the bilateral economic relations, their peculiar characteristics, and - as an outlook towards the future - attempts to provide certain proposals with the view of increasing trade and enlargement of co-operation. The 1990's decade has brought up significant political and economic changes both for Hungary and for the Republic of Korea (South-Korea, hereinafter: Korea). On the other hand, this decade was the period of an intensive development in the relations of the two countries. Hungary and Korea established diplomatic relations on 1 February 1989, and soon after this, the legal-institutional frames of bilateral state-level ties were set up. The total turnover of the bilateral trade is continuously growing, however with a strong Hungarian trade deficit. The structure of Hungarian export to Korea has considerably changed during the recent 3 years, goods from the food - and agricultural sector became predominant, first of all pork. As a conclusion of the article the author attempts to provide several ideas for the further development of the cooperation in the field of food - and agricultural sectors of Korea and Hungary.

Lessons of the Macro-Economic Development of the East- and Southeast Asian Countries

Gyö,rgy Neszmé,lyi 한국외국어대학교 동유럽발칸연구소 2003 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.11 No.2

본 논문의 목적은 아시아 국가들의 경제발전에 관한 사례와 선례에 대하여 헝가리의 관점에 에서 분석한 것이다. 특히 IMF로 대표되는 아시아의 경제위기와 홍콩의 중국반환이라는 세기적 사건을 경험하며, 이 지역에서의 경제 발전은 문제가 보여지는 듯 하기도 하였다. 그러나 한국을 포함한 아시아 신흥공업국들은 이 위기를 무사히 넘겼으며, 오히려 보다 긍정적인 경제 성장 효과도 나타나고 있다. 이 논문에서는 아시아 국가들, 특히 동남아시아 국가들의 경제 발전에 관한 현상과 논리를 헝가리의 시각에서 바라보고자 한다. 여기서 헝가리의 시각이란 필자가 연구한 지적 풍토와 분위기가 아시아의 그것과 다르다는 점을 인정하고 상정한다는 의미이다. 현재 경제발전과 개발이라는 두 목표는 헝가리 정부의 당면 과제이며 시급히 풀어야 할 숙제이다. 특히 사회주의로부터 시장경제체제로의 이행을 경험하고 있는 헝가리는 전 세계적으로 보여지고 있는 급속한 자본화와 세계화의 논의가 향후 그들에게 어떠한 영양을 미칠지 중대한 관심을 표명하고 있다. 이러한 시기에 동남 아시아 국가들의 경제적 발전에 대한 분석은 좋은 예가 될 것이다. 논문의 대부분은 필자의 박사학위 논문을 위하여 준비되었으나, 수정과 가필을 하였으며, 2002년의 시점에서 최신의 통계자료들을 추가하였다. The paper attempts to provide a peculiar analysis for Korean readers about the adaptable lessons of the Asian newly industrializing economis. The basic source of this paper is the doctoral thesis of the author, which he defended in Hungary in 1997. The day, when he defended his theses (June 18, 1997) was just two weeks before Hong Kong returned to China, and also only a few weeks before the Asian financial-economic crisis (which in Korea called as "IMF-crisis") – almost unexpectedly - emerged and escalated rapidly in the majority of the East- and Southeast Asian economies. The author selected the main lessons and conclusions of his research, and provides an updated summary in this paper. The author reviewed the common characteristics of the economic development of the Newly Industrializing Asian Economies (ANIEs). Through the case-studies of the Republic of Korea and Thailand also investigated the socio-economic relations of this peculiar way of development in details, with a special focus of the agricultural sector. The Author pointed out considerable differences among the certain developmental waves of the ANIEs, his conclusion is, that a reliable, comprehensive model of development (“tigress-model”) cannot be set up. The Author, gives a summary - from Hungarian view - of those factors of developmental experience in the examined countries, which can be adaptable for other countries. The paper contains also a review of the special characteristics of the economic relations between the examined region and Hungary, with suggestions for the further enlargement of trade and economic cooperation.

Tyrosine phosphatase and cytochrome P450 activity are criticalin regulating store-operated calcium channels in humanfibroblasts

이경미,손상욱,Gyö,rgy Babnigg,Mitchel L. Villereal 생화학분자생물학회 2006 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.38 No.6

Diverse signaling pathways have been proposed to regulate store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in a wide variety of cell types. However, it still needs to be determined if all of these known pathways operate in a single cell type. In this study, we examined involvement of various signaling molecules in SOCE using human fibroblast cells (HSWP). Bradykinin (BK)-stimulated Ca2+ entry, previously shown to be via SOCE, is enhanced by the addition of vanadate, an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases. Furthermore, SOCE is regulated by cytochrome P-450, as demonstrated by the fact that the products of cytochrome P-450 activity (14,15 EET) stimulated SOCE while econazole, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450, suppressed BK-stimulated Ca2+ entry. In contrast, Ca2+ entry was unaffected by the guanylate cyclase inhibitor LY83583, or the membrane permeant cyclic GMP analog 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (8-Br-cGMP). Neither nitric oxide donors nor phorbol esters affected BK-stimulated Ca2+ entry. SOCE in HSWP cells is primarily regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation and the cytochrome P-450 pathway, but not by cyclic GMP, nitric oxide, or protein kinase C. Thus, multiple pathways do operate in a single cell type leading to the activation of Ca2+ entry and some of these signaling pathways are more prominently involved in regulating calcium entry in different cell types.

FK506, an Immunosuppressive Drug, Induces Autophagy by Binding to the V-ATPase Catalytic Subunit A in Neuronal Cells

Kim, Dongyoung,Hwang, Hui-Yun,Kim, Jin Young,Lee, Ju Yeon,Yoo, Jong Shin,Marko-Varga, Gyö,rgy,Kwon, Ho Jeong American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH Vol.16 No.1

<P>The drug FK506 (tacrolimus, fujimycin) exerts its immunosuppressive effects by regulating the nuclear factor of the activated T-cell (NFAT) family of transcription factors. However, FK506 also exhibits neuroprotective effects, but its direct target proteins that mediate these effects have not been determined. To identify the target proteins responsible for FK506's neuroprotective effects, the drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) method was performed using label free FK506, and LC-MS/MS analysis of the FK506-treated proteome was also performed. Using DARTS and LC-MS/MS analyses in combination with reference studied, V-ATPase catalytic subunit A (ATP6V1A) was identified as a new target protein of FK506. The biological relevance of ATP6V1A in mediating the neuroprotective effects of FK506 was validated by analyzing FK506 activity with respect to autophagy via acridine orange staining and transcription factor EB (TFEB) translocation assay. These analyses demonstrated that the binding of FK506 with ATP6V1A induces autophagy by activating the translocation of TFEB from the cytosol into the nucleus. Because autophagy has been identified as a mechanism for treating neurodegenerative diseases and because we have demonstrated that FK506 induces autophagy, this study demonstrates that'FK.506 is a possible new therapy for treating, neurodegenerative diseases.</P>

Transcranial electric stimulation entrains cortical neuronal populations in rats.

Ozen, Simal,Sirota, Anton,Belluscio, Mariano A,Anastassiou, Costas A,Stark, Eran,Koch, Christof,Buzsá,ki, Gyö,rgy The Society 2010 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.30 No.34

<P>Low intensity electric fields have been suggested to affect the ongoing neuronal activity in vitro and in human studies. However, the physiological mechanism of how weak electrical fields affect and interact with intact brain activity is not well understood. We performed in vivo extracellular and intracellular recordings from the neocortex and hippocampus of anesthetized rats and extracellular recordings in behaving rats. Electric fields were generated by sinusoid patterns at slow frequency (0.8, 1.25 or 1.7 Hz) via electrodes placed on the surface of the skull or the dura. Transcranial electric stimulation (TES) reliably entrained neurons in widespread cortical areas, including the hippocampus. The percentage of TES phase-locked neurons increased with stimulus intensity and depended on the behavioral state of the animal. TES-induced voltage gradient, as low as 1 mV/mm at the recording sites, was sufficient to phase-bias neuronal spiking. Intracellular recordings showed that both spiking and subthreshold activity were under the combined influence of TES forced fields and network activity. We suggest that TES in chronic preparations may be used for experimental and therapeutic control of brain activity.</P>

Novel graphene/Sn and graphene/SnO_x hybrid nanostructures: Induced superconductivity and band gaps revealed by scanning probe measurements

Pá,linká,s, Andrá,s,Molná,r, Gyö,rgy,Magda, Gá,bor Zsolt,Hwang, Chanyong,Tapasztó,, Levente,Samuely, Peter,Szabó,, Pavol,Osvá,th, Zoltá,n Elsevier 2017 Carbon Vol.124 No.-

<P>The development of functional composite nanomaterials based on graphene and metal nanoparticles (NPs) is currently the subject of intense research interest. In this study we report the preparation of novel type of graphene/Sn and graphene/SnOx (1 <= x <= 2) hybrid nanostructures and their investigation by scanning probe methods. First, we prepare Sn NPs by evaporating 7-8 nm tin on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrates. Graphene/Sn nanostructures are obtained by transferring graphene on top of the tin NPs immediately after evaporation. We show by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) that tin NPs reduce significantly the environmental p-type doping of graphene. Furthermore, we demonstrate by low-temperature STM and STS measurements that superconductivity is induced in graphene, either directly supported by Sn NPs or suspended between them. Additionally, we prepare SnOx NPs by annealing the evaporated tin at 500 degrees C. STS measurements performed on hybrid graphene/SnOx nanostructures reveal the electronic band gap of SnOx NPs. The results can open new avenues for the fabrication of novel hybrid superconducting nanomaterials with designed structures and morphologies. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>