교수언어로서의 학습자 모어 사용 기능 연구 - 중국인 초급 학습자 대상 한국어 문법 수업을 중심으로 -

유자림 ( Liu Zilin ) 서울대학교 국어교육과 2024 先淸語文 Vol.53 No.-

The purpose of this study is to clarify the function of learner's L1 use as a teaching language in Korean beginner grammar class and to discuss the use of learner's L1. A discourse analysis was conducted on beginner Korean grammar classes targeting co-lingual learners, and the use of the L1 of four teachers was analyzed to reveal the specific function of the use of the L1. Then, by synthesizing the content of the discourse analysis with the perception survey of teachers and learners, the use of the learner's L1 as a teaching language in the beginner grammar class was proposed, specifying the existing discussion on the use of the L1 as a teaching language. Existing studies have presented a comprehensive conclusion that the use of the target language is important, but that learners' L1, when used appropriately, is helpful in learning a foreign language. Currently, further discussions are needed on how to properly use the mother language under what conditions, which this study focuses on. Unlike Korean language classes in Korea that claim to be target language-centered, those in China are characterized by active use of their L1 as a teaching language. This is an educational environment that can provide meaningful educational implications for the use of L1. Therefore, this study set the research topic of using L1 as a teaching language in beginner Korean grammar classes in China. In the discourse analysis stage, through class discourse analysis and frequency analysis based on AS-unit, the function of learner's mother language use in beginner grammar class was classified into information provision function, activity organization and implementation function, emotional communication function, and 10 sub-detailed functions. The four teachers used the information provision function with functions such as presenting grammatical meaning through metalanguage, presenting the context of use of grammar and vocabulary, presenting linguistic and cultural knowledge, translating vocabulary and example sentences, and providing corrective feedback. In addition, activity organization and implementation functions were used as functions such as directing and progressing class activities, questioning, answering, and inducing learners' output. Emotional communication functions were used as functions of reducing learners' anxiety, promoting and motivating learning, and revitalizing the class atmosphere. Teachers actively used their L1 in various functions because of the limited Korean ability of beginner learners and the efficiency of using their L1 in teaching and learning situations targeting co-lingual learners. Then, through interviews conducted with teachers and learners, the recognition of teachers and learners participating in the class was confirmed as follows. Teachers and learners commonly recognized that the use of L1 is necessary in elementary grammar classes, and the reason is mainly for efficient teaching through the help of L1 when understanding grammar and vocabulary, and emotional support such as interest in learning. In addition, teachers and learners commonly recognized that the L1 functions for explaining grammar and vocabulary, running classes and conducting activities. However, unlike teachers, there was a difference in that learners recognized the emotional communication function as a major function of using L1. In addition, both teachers and learners answered that the use of the L1 should be restricted as the level of learning increases, and that it is necessary to use the target language repeatedly instead of the L1 for the contents already learned. Finally, by synthesizing the discourse analysis and interview results, the significance and limitations of using the L1 were clarified. Then, the situations in which the L1 would be appropriately used and the situation in which the L1 use would be limited were discussed. L1 is mainly used in the explanation of vocabulary and grammar of the target language and overall class operation. Since L1 is used at a high rate, it is necessary to use L1 in a planned manner according to the educational situation. This is why situations of whether to use L1 are discussed. In addition, it is also considered important in terms of use of L1 that more than teachers recognize, beginner learners valued the emotional communication function of their L1, which eases the burden of learning and promotes learning. In this way, this study identified the function of using L1 in beginner Korean grammar classes in China and discussed the use of learners' L1 in beginner grammar classes based on teacher and learner recognition. While previous studies have studied the function of L1 use by quantitatively comparing the amount of utterance, or by examining teachers and learners' perceptions of their L1 use through a questionnaire method, this study was conducted in a class of four different teachers and found out the function of using the L1 by comparing and analyzing the patterns of use of the L1 through discourse analysis of the class, and the teacher-learner's perception of the class was combined with the content of the discourse analysis to discuss the use of the L1. In particular, this study did not comprehensively deal with the use of the L1 in Korean language education, but discussed the function and use of the L1 under the specific conditions of a beginner Korean class targeting the co-lingual language learners, making an expanded discussion beyond the existing research. In addition, in various classes targeting learners of various levels, the learner's L1 is actively used, especially in overseas Korean classes. This study, which studied the function of using the L1 under the condition of a beginner grammar class in China where the need for the L1 is relatively high and the use of the L1 is prominent, provides meaningful educational implications for the overseas Korean language education field where the L1 is actively used. This study can provide meaningful information and grounds for exploring ways to teach Korean using learners’ L1.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of yttrium aluminum garnet porous ceramics prepared by different sintering process parameters

Yue Liu,Xueqing Yang,Kangliang Peng,Qiong Wang,Jianzhen Huang,Zilin Zhang,Jiang Lu,Hao Xu,Jieguang Song,Lin Chen 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2019 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.20 No.4

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), which possesses excellent properties, is investigated and applied. The sintering technology of YAG porous ceramics is optimized. Results show that the porosity initially increases and then decreases with an increase of increasing temperature rate, the porosity are decreased with an increase of removing carbon temperature, the porosity are decreased with an increase of sintering temperature, the porosity are decreased with an increase of holding time. Meanwhile, the compressive strength constantly exhibits an opposite tendency. The optimization of the sintering technology of YAG porous ceramics is based on porosity and compressive strength. A good sintering technology are an increasing temperature rate of 8 oC/min, a removing carbon temperature of 800 oC, removing carbon time of 1 h, a sintering temperature of 1450 oC and holding time of 2 h. The porosity of the prepared YAG porous ceramics is 57.4%, and the compressive strength is 8.89 MPa.

A study on tracking error based on mechatronics model of a 5-DOF hybrid spray-painting robot

Jun Wu,Zilin Liu,Guang Yu,Yuyao Song 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.9

Industrial robots suffer from difficulties in predicting and guaranteeing tracking performance due to the complex dynamic behavior and inaccurate mechatronics model. This study investigates the tracking error and motion accuracy improvement based on a mechatronics model of a 5-degree of freedom hybrid spray-painting robot. The dynamic model of the robot is derived by using Lagrange equation, and an identification method is presented to identify the torque coefficient and joint friction synchronously. An accurate mechatronics model is established after the theoretical dynamic modeling and friction identification. The tracking error generation mechanism of the robot control system is studied, and its analytical equation is derived on the basis of a transfer function. A multichannel feedforward controller is synthesized to reduce the tracking error from different sources. The effectiveness of the proposed method in improving tracking accuracy is verified by physical experiments.

Joint Deployment and Trajectory Optimization in UAV-Assisted Vehicular Edge Computing Networks

Zhiwei Wu,Zilin Yang,Chao Yang,Jixu Lin,Yi Liu,Xin Chen 한국통신학회 2022 Journal of communications and networks Vol.24 No.1

As the general mobile edge computing (MEC)scheme cannot adequately handle the emergency communicationrequirements in vehicular networks, unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-assisted vehicular edge computing networks (VECNs) areenvisioned as the reliable and cost-efficient paradigm for themobility and flexibility of UAVs. UAVs can perform as thetemporary base stations to provide edge services for road vehicleswith heavy traffic. However, it takes a long time and huge energyconsumption for the UAV to fly from the stay charging stationto the mission areas disorderly. In this paper, we design a predispatchUAV-assisted VECNs system to cope with the demandof vehicles in multiple traffic jams. We propose an optimalUAV flight trajectory algorithm based on the traffic situationawareness. The cloud computing center (CCC) server predictsthe real-time traffic conditions, and assigns UAVs to differentmission areas periodically. Then, a flight trajectory optimizationproblem is formulated to minimize the cost of UAVs, while boththe UAV flying and turning energy costs are mainly considered. Inaddition, we propose a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)-basedenergy efficiency autonomous deployment strategy, to obtain theoptimal hovering position of UAV at each assigned mission area. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed method canobtain an optimal flight path and deployment of UAV with lowerenergy consumption.

Identification and differential expression of microRNAs in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells with high and low tumorigenicities

Wang Jiamin,Liu Lixia,Yang Di,Zhang Li,Abudureyimu Ayimuguli,Qiao Zilin,Ma Zhongren 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.2

Background: Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are widely used for vaccine production, however, the safety of MDCK cells needs to be considered seriously because of high tumorigenicity. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in the tumorigenicity of MDCK cells have been never been reported. Objective: To reveal the role of miRNA in the tumorigenic phenotype of MDCK cell line. Methods: The miRNA expression profiles of two monoclonal MDCK cells (M09CL and M35CL) with low tumorigenicity and one MDCK cell line (M73P) with high tumorigenicity were characterized and investigated by using small RNA-seq technology. Results: A total of 5 known miRNAs and 5 novel miRNAs were highly expressed in M73P. In addition, 4 known miRNAs and 4 novel miRNAs were highly expressed in M09CL and M35CL. The target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were significantly enriched in several biological processes, and the majority of these genes were involved in pathways in cancer and the MAPK signaling pathway. Through interaction analysis, 4 up-regulated miRNAs (cfa-miR-452, cfa-miR-8826, cfa-miR-224, and cfa-miR-2387) and their crucial target genes related to the tumor regulation network were identified. Results indicated these 4 miRNAs might play crucial roles in the tumorigenesis of MDCK cells. Conclusion: Our findings, which were based on the functional prediction of miRNAs and target genes, suggested that miRNAs might influence the tumorigenicity of MDCK cells by regulating target genes. Moreover, the results provided important data for understanding the miRNA-mediated regulatory networks that control the tumorigenicities of MDCK cells.

Size-fractionated Biomass and Productivity of Phytoplankton in Prydz Bay and the Adjacent Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean during the Austral Summer 1990/1991

Ning Xiuren,Zilin Liu,Junxian Shi,Genhai Zhu,Min Gong 한국해양과학기술원 1993 KOREAN JOURNAL of Polar Research Vol.4 No.2

Long non-coding RNA RP11-6O2.4 indicates poor prognosis and suppresses cell cycle progression through the p38-MAPK signaling pathway in gastric cancer

Yang Feng,Zhiming Fu,Yajun Luo,Wang Tan,Zilin Liu,Pengcheng Ye,Fei Lu,Wanping Xiang,Linghan Tang,Lin Yao,Mengyun Song,Qingmei Huang,Yilun Liu,Jiangwei Xiao 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2019 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.15 No.3

Backgrounds: The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in gastric cancer (GC) has been highlighted in studies conducted over the past decade. However, the potential clinical value and the mechanisms of action of RP11-6O2.4 in GC have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. The specific aim of the present study was to assess RP11-6O2.4 and to explore its role in human GC. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to analyze the expression levels of RP11-6O2.4 in GC tissues, paired adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANTs) and GC cell lines. In addition, the correlation between RP11-6O2.4 expression and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with GC was statistically analyzed. The effects of RP11- 6O2.4 on the GC cell cycle transformation through the p38-MAPK signaling pathway were explored by flow cytometry, qPCR and Western blot analysis after treatment with SB203580, a p38MAPK specific inhibitor, in vitro. Results: The expression levels of RP11-6O2.4 in GC tissues were significantly lower than the paired ANTs (P<0.05). In addition, RP11-6O2.4 expression was significantly lower in cases with older age, longer maximum tumor diameter, higher ASA grade and deeper invasive depth (P<0.05). RP11-6O2.4 expression was significantly higher in cases with well/middle differentiation than poor/no differentiation; higher in cases without lymph node metastasis than in lymph node metastasis; and higher in cases in stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ than in stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ. An in vitro assay showed that RP11-6O2.4 induced G0/ G1 phase cell cycle arrest, likely by regulating the p38- MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion: The above mentioned data suggested that RP11-6O2.4 was a tumor-suppressor gene in GC. RP11- 6O2.4 might play an important role in the cell cycle transformation by regulating the p38-MAPK signaling pathway, thereby representing a specific biomarker and a potential molecular target for the treatment of GC.