Population genetics reveals new introgression in the nucleus herd of min pigs

Liu Tianxin,Ji Dongqing,Li Xinyuan,Liu Jiadong,Xu Fei,Miao Zhiying,Chang Yang,Tian Ming,Xu Chunzhu 한국유전학회 2024 Genes & Genomics Vol.46 No.4

Objective Min pigs are a unique genetic resource among local pig breeds in China. They have more excellent characteristics in cold and stress resistance, good meat quality, and a high reproductive rate. However, the genetic structure and driving factors remain unclear in the nucleus herd. In this study, the genetic diversity of Min pigs was studied to reveal the formation mechanism of its unique genetic structure. We hope to protect and develop the genetic resources of Min pigs. Methods We analyzed different types of genes to identify the genetic structure and gene introgression pattern of Min pigs. The nuclear DNA dataset includes information on 21 microsatellite loci and 6 Y-chromosome genes, and the mitochondrial D-loop gene is selected to represent maternal lineages. The above genes are all from the nucleus herd of Min pigs. Results The results of genetic structure identification and analysis of potential exogenous gene introgression patterns indicate that the nucleus herd of Min pigs maintains a high level of genetic diversity (polymorphism information content = 0.713, expected heterozygosity = 0.662, observed heterozygosity = 0.612). Compared with other Asian pig breeds, the formation of Min pig breeds is more special. Gene introgression from European pig breeds to Min pigs has occurred, which is characterized by complete introgression of paternal genes and incomplete introgression of maternal genes. Conclusion Gene introgression caused by cross-breeding is not the main factor leading to the formation of the current genetic structure of Min pigs, but this process has increased the level of genetic diversity in the nucleus herd. Compared with the influence of gene introgression, our research suggest that artificial selection and environmental adaptive evolution make Min pigs form unique genetic characteristics. Objective Min pigs are a unique genetic resource among local pig breeds in China. They have more excellent characteristics in cold and stress resistance, good meat quality, and a high reproductive rate. However, the genetic structure and driving factors remain unclear in the nucleus herd. In this study, the genetic diversity of Min pigs was studied to reveal the formation mechanism of its unique genetic structure. We hope to protect and develop the genetic resources of Min pigs. Methods We analyzed different types of genes to identify the genetic structure and gene introgression pattern of Min pigs. The nuclear DNA dataset includes information on 21 microsatellite loci and 6 Y-chromosome genes, and the mitochondrial D-loop gene is selected to represent maternal lineages. The above genes are all from the nucleus herd of Min pigs. Results The results of genetic structure identification and analysis of potential exogenous gene introgression patterns indicate that the nucleus herd of Min pigs maintains a high level of genetic diversity (polymorphism information content = 0.713, expected heterozygosity = 0.662, observed heterozygosity = 0.612). Compared with other Asian pig breeds, the formation of Min pig breeds is more special. Gene introgression from European pig breeds to Min pigs has occurred, which is characterized by complete introgression of paternal genes and incomplete introgression of maternal genes. Conclusion Gene introgression caused by cross-breeding is not the main factor leading to the formation of the current genetic structure of Min pigs, but this process has increased the level of genetic diversity in the nucleus herd. Compared with the influence of gene introgression, our research suggest that artificial selection and environmental adaptive evolution make Min pigs form unique genetic characteristics.

Superior performance of K/Co2AlO4 catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene with N2O as an oxidant

Zhiying Liu,Yulin Li,Xiaohui Sun,Zhuyin Sui,Xiufeng Xu 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.112 No.-

This study explored the feasibility of coupling N2O decomposition with ethylbenzene (EB) oxidativedehydrogenation, as an alternative approach for greenhouse gas elimination and styrene (ST) production,on the Co-Al mixed oxides and K-modified catalysts. It was found that N2O could decompose completelyover the K/Co2AlO4 catalyst, accompanied with 62.0% of EB conversion and 85.1% of styrene selectivity,which were much better than the existing catalyst systems for EB oxidative dehydrogenation. Characterization results showed that despite the decreased specific surface area of the catalysts withincreasing the Co/Al molar ratio, the improved reducibility, the reduced acid properties as well as thehigher ratio of Co3+/Co2+ were responsible for the enhanced performance. The K modification not onlychanged the electronic properties of active metal, resulting from the charge transfer from K cation tothe Co species, but also weakened the binding energy of Co3+-O, leading to the complete decompositionof N2O. Furthermore, the optimized strong acid properties inhibited the dealkylation or ring-openingreactions and significantly reduced the coke deposition on the catalyst surface, thus improving the STselectivity.

Relationship between Surface Sag Error and Optical Power of Progressive Addition Lens

Zhiying Liu,Dan Li 한국광학회 2017 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.1 No.5

Progressive addition lenses (PAL) have very wide application in the modern glasses market. The uniqueprogressive surface can make a lens have progressive refractive power, which can meet the human eye’sdifferent needs for distance-vision and near-vision. According to the national glasses fabrication standard,the difference between actual optical power after fabrication and nominal design value should be less than0.1D over the lens effective area. The optical power distribution of PAL is determined directly by thesurface. Consequently, the surface processing accuracy requirement is proposed. Beginning from the surfaceexpressions of progressive addition lenses, the relationship equations between the surface sag and opticalpower distribution are derived. They are demonstrated through tolerance analysis and test of an exampleprogressive addition lens with addition of 2.09D (5.46D-7.55D). The example addition surface is fabricatedunder given accuracy by a single-point diamond ultra-precision machine. The optical power of the PALexample is tested with a focal-meter after fabrication. The optical power addition difference between testresult and design nominal value is 0.09D, which is less than 0.1D. The derived relationship between thesurface error and optical power is verified from the PAL example simulation and test result. It can providetheoretical tolerance analysis proof for the PAL surface fabricating process.

Design of a Beam-coupling System for a Chip-integrated Spectrometer with a Discrete Linear Waveguide

Zhiying Liu,Xin Jiang,Mingyu Li 한국광학회 2020 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.4 No.3

In this study, a beam-coupling system is designed to improve the coupling efficiency of achip-integrated spectrometer when the waveguide is arranged in a linear and discrete manner. In the proposed system the beam is shaped to be anti-Gaussian, to deposit adequate energy in the edge waveguides. The beam is discretely coupled to the corresponding waveguide by a microlens array, to improve the coupling efficiency, and is compressed by a toroidal lens to match the linear discrete waveguides. Based on the findings of this study, the coupling efficiency of the spectrometer is shown to increase by a factor of 2.57. Accordingly, this study provides a reference basis for the improvement of the coupling efficiency of other similar spectrometers.

Deodorization Study of the Swine Manure with Two Yeast Strains

Zhiying Yan,Xiaofeng Liu,Yuexiang Yuan,Yinzhang Liao,Xudong Li 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.1

With the transition of livestock production from the traditional small household farming to large-scale centralized breeding, the odor pollution caused by livestock manure has become pressing in China. In this study, two yeast strains Y1 and Y2 with high deodorization efficiency were isolated from the sample collected from an outlet in a swine farm in Shuangliu County, Sichuan Province. The scale-up deodorization experiments were carried out for strains Y1, Y2, and their mixture Y1+Y2. The results showed that the reduction rate of treatments on NH3 was in the sequence of Y1+Y2 (35.6 ~ 68.7%) >Y1 (20.3 ~63.7%) >Y2 (-11.7 ~ 53.8%). The reduction rate of treatments on H2S was in the sequence of Y1+Y2 (47.2 ~70.1%) > Y2 (36.6 ~ 60.8%) > Y1 (27.6 ~ 42.0%). The reduction rate of treatments on total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) was in the sequence of Y1+Y2 (49.1~ 68.3%) > Y1 (36.2 ~ 54.6%) >Y2 (20.8 ~ 48.6%). The reduction rate of treatments on odor intensity was in the sequence of Y1+Y2 (27.2-60.3%) > Y1 (16.3 ~ 38.5%)>Y2 (-0.4 ~ 35.2%). Furthermore, the concentrations of VFAs, indole, skatole, total nitrogen (TN), organic nitrogen (ON), total sulfur (TS), and ammonium nitrogen (AN) in swine manure during deodorization by yeast strains Y1,Y2, and their mixture Y1+Y2 were assayed. The results showed the concentrations of VFAs, indole, and skatole in the manure with Y1, Y2, and Y1+Y2 treatments were all lower than those of the control group. The concentrations of TN, ON, and TS in treatments were all higher than that of the control group. The concentrations of AN in the treatment groups were all lower than those of the control group.

Magnetic Resonance Image Texture Analysis of the Periaqueductal Gray Matter in Episodic Migraine Patients without T2-Visible Lesions

Zhiye Chen,Xiaoyan Chen,Mengqi Liu,Shuangfeng Liu,Shengyuan Yu,Lin Ma 대한영상의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.19 No.1

Objective: The periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), a small midbrain structure, presents dysfunction in migraine. However, the precise neurological mechanism is still not well understood. Herein, the aim of this study was to investigate the texture characteristics of altered PAG in episodic migraine (EM) patients based on high resolution brain structural magnetic resonance (MR) images. Materials and Methods: The brain structural MR images were obtained from 18 normal controls (NC), 18 EM patients and 16 chronic migraine (CM) patients using a 3T MR system. A PAG template was created using the International Consortium Brain Mapping 152 gray matter model, and the individual PAG segment was developed by applying the deformation field from the structural image segment to the PAG template. A grey level co-occurrence matrix was used to calculate the texture parameters including the angular second moment (ASM), contrast, correlation, inverse difference moment (IDM) and entropy. Results: There was a significant difference for ASM, IDM and entropy in the EM group (998.629 ± 0.162 x 10-3, 999.311 ± 0.073 x 10-3, 916.354 ± 0.947 x 10-5) compared to that found in the NC group (998.760 ± 0.110 x 10-3, 999.358 ± 0.037 x 10-3 and 841.198 ± 0.575 x 10-5) (p < 0.05). The entropy was significantly lower among the patients with CM (864.116 ± 0.571 x 10-5) than that found among patients with EM (p < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.776 and 0.750 for ASM and entropy in the distinction of the EM from NC groups, respectively. ASM was negatively related to disease duration (DD) and the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) scores in the EM group, and entropy was positively related to DD and MIDAS in the EM group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study identified altered MR image texture characteristics of the PAG in EM. The identified texture characteristics could be considered as imaging biomarkers for EM.

Magnetic Properties of Patterned Amorphous TbFeCo Dot Arrays with Perpendicular Anisotropy

Xiaoxi Liu,Zhiying Zhang,Akimitsu Morisako 한국자기학회 2008 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

A Novel Feature Selection Based Gravitation for Text Categorization

Jieming Yang,Zhiying Liu,Zhaoyang Qu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.3

The high dimensionality of feature space is a big hurdle in applying many sophisticated methods to text categorization. The feature selection method is one of methods which reduce the high dimensionality of feature space. In this paper, we proposed a new feature selection algorithm based on gravitation, named GFS, which regards a feature occurring in one category as an object, and all objects corresponding to a feature occurring in various categories can constitute a gravitational field, then the gravitation of a feature with unknown category label on which all objects in the gravitational field act is used for feature selection. We have evaluated GFS on three benchmark datasets (20-Newgroups, Reuters-21578 and WebKB), using two classification algorithms, Naïve Bayes (NB) and Support Vector Machines (SVM), and compared it with four well-known feature selection algorithms (information gain, document frequency, orthogonal centroid feature selection and Poisson distribution). The experiments show that GFS performs significantly better than other feature selection algorithms in terms of micro F1, macro F1 and accuracy.

Effect of government R&D subsidies on firms’ innovation in China

Wu Ruirui,Liu Zhiying,Ma Chaoliang,Chen Xiafei 기술경영경제학회 2020 ASIAN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION Vol.28 No.1

This study investigates the effects of R&D subsidies on firms’ innovation using panel data of Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2013. Through propensity score matching method, we determine that recurrent, high-tech firms are more likely to receive public grants. Moreover, firms affiliated with higher-level governments and located in minimally marketised regions have a higher probability of receiving government financial support. China's state intervention to correct market failure related to firms’ R&D activity is confirmed to be reasonable in an observable time given an instantaneous additionality effect. However, the stimulation effect of R&D subsidies on innovation outputs has not been verified. Results obtained through a continuous matching method show no optimal amount of R&D subsidies for firms in China, but a declining yet a positive marginal effect of treatment has been identified given an increase in the amount of R&D subsidies.

Screening and identification of Aspergillus activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and analysis of antimicrobial components

Bei Jiang,Zhiying Wang,Chuxuan Xu,Weijia Liu,Donghua Jiang 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.7

To screen for Aspergillus activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and analyse the antimicrobial components involved, 60 Aspergillus spp. were isolated and purified from fruits, soil and other habitats. As-75, an Aspergillus strain that can antagonize Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, was identified based on the zone of inhibition formed during co-culture. According to morphological, ITS rDNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic tree results, the strain showed close homology to Aspergillus sclerotiorum. The biochemical characterization tests showed that the fermentation broth of strain As-75 exhibited a high capacity for environmental adaptation. The results of the antimicrobial spectrum experiments demonstrated that As-75 exhibited fairly strong antagonistic activity against five plant pathogenic fungi and six plant pathogenic bacteria in vitro. The fermentation broth of strain As-75 displayed maximum stability under fluorescent illumination at temperatures below 60°C at pH 6.5. A substance with antagonistic activity was obtained from strain As-75 via fractional extraction, silica gel column chromatography and thinlayer chromatography. Through mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analyses, the target compound was identified as (2Z)-2-butenedioic acid-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-methyl ester; its molecular weight of 170.06 daltons and formula of C8H10O4 identify it as a novel compound. Trials of the preventative and curative effects demonstrated that compound S1 exhibited a better control efficiency than the control against rice bacterial blight. Additionally, the M1 processing method was better, and the efficiency of compound S1 in preventing rice bacterial blight in six rice varieties, TN1, IR24, ZF802, Zhonghua 11, Wuyunjing 21, and Nipponbare, was 78.3%, 77.5%, 74.2%, 75.3%, 70.9%, and 72.1%, respectively.