Effects of Maturity Stages on the Nutritive Composition and Silage Quality of Whole Crop Wheat

Xie, Z.L.,Zhang, T.F.,Chen, X.Z.,Li, G.D.,Zhang, J.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.10

The changes in yields and nutritive composition of whole crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during maturation and effects of maturity stage and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability were investigated under laboratory conditions. Whole crop wheat harvested at three maturation stages: flowering stage, milk stage and dough stage. Two strains of LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum: LAB1, Lactobacillus parafarraqinis: LAB2) were inoculated for wheat ensiling at $1.0{\times}10^5$ colony forming units per gram of fresh forage. The results indicated that wheat had higher dry matter yields at the milk and dough stages. The highest water-soluble carbohydrates content, crude protein yields and relative feed value of wheat were obtained at the milk stage, while contents of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were the lowest, compared to the flowering and dough stages. Lactic acid contents of wheat silage significantly decreased with maturity. Inoculating homofermentative LAB1 markedly reduced pH values and ammonia-nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) content (p<0.05) of silages at three maturity stages compared with their corresponding controls. Inoculating heterofermentative LAB2 did not significantly influence pH values, whereas it notably lowered lactic acid and $NH_3$-N content (p<0.05) and effectively improved the aerobic stability of silages. In conclusion, considering both yields and nutritive value, whole crop wheat as forage should be harvested at the milk stage. Inoculating LAB1 improved the fermentation quality, while inoculating LAB2 enhanced the aerobic stability of wheat silages at different maturity stages.

R&D Status of High-current Accelerators at IFP

J. J. Deng,J. S. Shi,W. P. Xie,L. W. Zhang,K. Z. Zhang,S. P. Feng,J. Li,M. Wang,Y. He,L. S. Xia,Z. Y. Dai,H. T. Li,L. Wen,S. F. Chen,X. Li,Q. G. Lai,M. H. Xia,Y. C. Guan,S. Y. Song,L. Chen 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.61

High-current accelerators have many important applications in Z-pinches, high-power microwaves, and free electron lasers, imploding liners and radiography and so on. Research activities on Zpinches, imploding liners, radiography at the Institute of Fluid Physics (IFP) are introduced. Several main high-current accelerators developed and being developed at IFP are described, such as the Linear Induction Accelerator X-Ray Facility Upgrade (LIAXFU, 12 MeV, 2.5 kA, 90 ns), the Dragon-I linear induction accelerator (20 MeV, 2.5 kA, 60 ns), and the Primary Test Stand for Z-pinch (PTS, 10 MA, 120 ns). The design of Dragon-II linear induction accelerator (20 MeV, 2.5 kA, 3 × 60 ns) to be built will be presented briefly.

Magnetic and Magneto-Optical Properties of Co-Sputtering FePt Films

J. Gao,B. Ma,C.L. Zha,Q.Y. Jin,S.Y. Wang,Z.Z. Zhang 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.5I

FePt thin .lms have been prepared at dierent substrate temperatures by DC magnetron co-sputtering. The .lms change from a disordered fcc structure to a L10 fct structure with temperature. The magnetic and the magneto-optical properties of those FePt .lms have been studied. The dependence of spectral changes on the formation of a chemically-ordered L10structure is observed in the polar magneto-optical Kerr rotation. In the spectra, the ultraviolet peak located in the high-energy range (4.0 { 4.5 eV), which is related to electronic transitions on Pt atomic sites, is observed for all samples. On the contrary, the peak related to transitions on Fe atomic sites, which is located in the low-energy range (1.5 { 2.0 eV), is only observed for highly chemically-ordered samples. Compared with the spectra for the L10 structure of FePt .lms pre- pared by using molecular beam epitaxy, the infrared peak related to Fe sites is shifted to low energy.

Association mapping of salinity and alkalinity tolerance in improved japonica rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato) germplasm

Cui, D.,Xu, C. y.,Yang, C. g.,Zhang, Q. x.,Zhang, J. g.,Ma, X. d.,Qiao, Y. l.,Cao, G. l.,Zhang, S. y.,Han, L. z. Springer Science + Business Media 2015 Genetic resources and crop evolution Vol.62 No.4

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on the Yields, Nutritive Value and Silage Fermentation Quality of Whole-crop Wheat

Li, C.J.,Xu, Z.H.,Dong, Z.X.,Shi, S.L.,Zhang, J.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.8

Whole-crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as forage has been extensively used in the world. In this study, the effects of N application rates on the yields, nutritive value and silage quality were investigated. The N application rates were 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg/ha. The research results indicated that the dry matter yield of whole-crop wheat increased significantly with increasing N rate up to 150 kg/ha, and then leveled off. The crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility of whole-crop wheat increased significantly with increasing N up to 225 kg/ha, while they no longer increased at N 300 kg/ha. On the contrary, the content of various fibers tended to decrease with the increase of N application. The content of lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid in silages increased with the increase of N rate (p<0.05). The ammonia-N content of silages with higher N application rates (${\geq}225kg/ha$) was significantly higher than that with lower N application rates (${\leq}150kg/ha$). Whole-crop wheat applied with high levels of N accumulated more nitrate-N. In conclusion, taking account of yields, nutritive value, silage quality and safety, the optimum N application to whole-crop wheat should be about 150 kg/ha at the present experiment conditions.

DESIGN OF A SOFT SWITCHING BIDIRECTIONAL DC-DC POWER CONVERTER FOR ULTRACAPACITOR-BATTERY INTERFACES

Z. W. WU,Z. L. ZHANG,C. L. YIN,Z. ZHAO 한국자동차공학회 2012 International journal of automotive technology Vol.13 No.2

One solution to the low specific power of hybrid electric vehicular batteries is a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that takes advantage of the high specific power performance of ultra-capacitors. The design of a type of zero current transition (ZCT) soft switching bidirectional direct current-direct current (DC-DC) power converter that can be used as an ultra-capacitor-battery interface in an active parallel schema of a HESS is described. The circuit operation of the ZCT DC-DC power converter is depicted in detail. The HESS controller is designed as a two-layered hierarchical control structure: the first layer is responsible for working mode control of the HESS, and the second layer is responsible for DC-DC power converter control in which a fuzzy logic PID algorithmis employed. Simulation results indicate that this design is a potential solution to the problem of the low specific power of batteries, especially for regenerative braking and electric motor assist. The proposed active parallel schema with ZCT exhibits a significant advantage in power and energy decoupling. HESS with ZCT achieves better efficiency compared to the battery only operation. The experimental results validates the idea that the ultra-capacitor cooperates with the battery in acceleration mode.

Four new neolignans isolated from Eleutherococcus senticosus and their protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity (PTP1B)

Zhang, L.,Li, B.B.,Li, H.Z.,Meng, X.,Lin, X.,Jiang, Y.Y.,Ahn, J.S.,Cui, L. Elsevier 2017 Fitoterapia Vol.121 No.-

<P>Four new compounds, erythro-7'E-4-hydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8,5'-oxyneoligna-7'-ene-7,9-dio1-9'-al (1), (7S,8S)4-hydroxy-3,1',3'-trimethoxy-4',7-epoxy-8,5'-neolign-9-ol (5), (75,85,7'E)-5-hydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-4',7-epoxy8,5'-neolign-7'-ene-9,9'-diol (6) and (75,85,7'E)-5-hydroxy-3,3',9'-trimethoxy-4'-7-epoxy-8,5'-neolign-7'-ene-9ol (7). Along with four known compounds (2-4, 8) were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and physicochemical analyses. All the compounds were evaluated for in vitro inhibitory activity against PTP1B, VHR and PPl. Among them, compounds 1-4 and 6-8 were found to exhibit selective inhibitory activity on PTP1B with IC50 values ranging from 17.2 1.6 to 32.7 1.2 M.</P>

The continuous casting of a semisolid aluminum alloy billet with a multiple magnetic field imposed

Z.F. Zhang,Z.F. Tian,L.K. Shi,J. Xu 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2006 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.7 No.2

In order to obtain semi-solid aluminum alloy billets of high quality, an investigation was carried out of imposing multiple magnetic fields from the outside of a cold-crucible copper mold in a continuous casting process. AlSi6Mg2 (wt.%) alloy designed for a semi-solid metal (SSM) process was continuously cast through a submerged entry nozzle under various conditions. By means of optimizing the distribution of multiple magnetic fields in the mold, the effect of multiple magnetic fields on both the meniscus motion and billet quality was examined. The experimental results showed that meniscus disturbance could be controlled efficiently and the surface quality of a semi-solid aluminum alloy billet was improved greatly by imposing multiple magnetic fields, and also a uniformly fine, globular microstructure across the transverse section of the billet was achieved by optimizing the distribution of the multiple magnetic field.

Association between Polymorphisms of MSTN and MYF5 Genes and Growth Traits in Three Chinese Cattle Breeds

Zhang, R.F.,Chen, H.,Lei, C.Z.,Zhang, C.L.,Lan, X.Y.,Zhang, Y.D.,Zhang, H.J.,Bao, B.,Niu, H.,Wang, X.Z. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.12

The objective of this study was to assess the association of polymorphisms in MSTN and MYF5 genes with growth traits in three Chinese cattle breeds. Only one homozygous animal with BB genotype at MSTN locus was observed in Jiaxian population which was at Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (p<0.05). The frequencies of allele A at MSTN locus and allele B at MYF5 locus in the three Chinese breeds were 0.9550/0.9730/0.9720 and 0.8275/0.7581/0.7523, respectively. Allele A at MSTN locus and allele B at MYF5 locus were dominant in these three populations. No statistically significant differences in growth traits were observed between the genotypes of the Jiaxian breed at MSTN and MYF5 loci and the Nanyang breed at MYF5 locus. However, there were statistically significant differences between the genotypes at MSTN locus of the Nanyang breed for WH, HG, HGI and HGBLR (p<0.05), and of the Qinchuan breed for BLI (p<0.05). The SNP in MYF5 had significant effects on WH and HHC of Qinchuan animals (p<0.05). These results suggest that MSTN and MYF5 are strong candidate genes that influence growth traits in cattle. Other SNPs of MSTN and MYF5 or other linked genes should also be studied, which could lead to the development of selection plans to improve the performance of Chinese cattle and also promote the breeding of genuine beef cattle in China.

Reevaluation of mixing among multiple water masses in the shelf: An example from the East China Sea

Zhang, L.,Liu, Z.,Zhang, J.,Hong, G.H.,Park, Y.,Zhang, H.F. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2007 Continental shelf research Vol.27 No.15

East China Sea (ECS) is bounded by the continent where the fourth largest river of Changjiang discharges large amounts of freshwater to the west and by the Kuroshio in the East and connected to the South China Sea via Taiwan Strait, therefore water characteristics are very complex and undergo great seasonal changes. The dominant source waters in the ECS are found to be Kuroshio Surface Water (KSW), Kuroshio Sub-surface Water (KSSW), Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW), and Taiwan Strait Warm Water (TSWW). Optimum multiparameter analysis (OMP) using temperature, salinity and <SUP>226</SUP>Ra were applied to quantify the contribution of individual source water to the surface water of the ECS in summer. The successful application of radium isotope in OMP analysis demonstrates the usefulness of <SUP>226</SUP>Ra in the discrimination of mixing among multiple water sources. In 1987, one interesting phenomenon was that the KSSW entered the surface with the upwelling at the margin of continental shelf, and affected the coastal water obviously. In 1999, the TSWW extended northward continuously up to the Changjiang Estuary.