International Cooperation on the Repression of Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea under the UNCLOS

Yurika Ishii 이준국제법연구원 2014 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.7 No.2

Nearing the Tipping Point : The Failure to Find a Way Back

Yurika Ayukawa 동아시아재단 2010 Global Asia Vol.4 No.4

Reduction Measures of Odor Generated from Leachate Treatment by Evaporation in Arid Region

( Yurika Itoga ),( Yasumasa Tojo ),( Takayuki Matsuo ),( Toshihiko Matsuto ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2016 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

Three sanitary landfills have been constructed and operated in the West Bank by international cooperation from several years ago, in order to break out of the dependence on the open dumping that had been done up to now. Because of very dry climate feature, management of leachate generated from these landfills mainly relies on evaporation. However, as the side effect, serious odor problem became tangible (especially, ammonia odor emitted from leachate pond). Generally, promoting nitrification by changing the condition to aerobic is regarded as effective to mitigate ammonia odor from leachate. However, ammonia concentration of the leachate is too high to inhibit the activity of nitrification bacteria. Therefore, it is not certain whether the simple aeration of the pond is effective or not. Thus, the purpose of this study was set to examine the effectiveness of simple aeration of the leachate pond as the mitigation measure of ammonia odor. Also, the other alternative measure that can take locally was discussed. Because acquisition of the real leachate generated at the site was difficult, artificially simulated leachate was created by using digestion sludge obtained from methane fermentation facility. Some reagents were added to assimilate to local leachate. By using the simulated leachate, aeration experiments were performed. 900mL of the leachate was aerated at flow rate of 0.5 L/min for almost 9 days at the temperature of 33℃. Temperature, pH, and ORP were monitored continuously and NH₄ ⁺, NO₂ ^-, NO₃ ^-, TN, TC, and IC were analyzed on every day. Besides, NH3 discharged from the bottle was captured by using 4% boric acid solution. Also, NH₃ gas concentration in head space was analyzed by a gas-detecting tube. The similar experiments were repeated four times by changing the initial solution. As the result, drastic decrease of ammonia concentration was confirmed in every experiment. Within 10 days, ammonia concentration became almost 1/20. However, apparent increase of nitrate could not be identified. Based on the analysis using immunoassay kit, the number of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter was just a few compared to general sewage. This implies that nitrification was inhibited by high concentration of ammonia. Ammonia concentration in gas phase was also decreased by following to the decrease of it in liquid phase. By the thorough analysis on the nitrogen mass balance, it was found that most of nitrogen, which existed in liquid phase initially, just volatilized by the aeration. From these findings, it can be concluded that the direct aeration of leachate pond intensifies the odor issue due to the promotion of volatilization, though continuous aeration can reduce ammonia concentration in liquid phase and it leads to mitigation of ammonia odor in the long term. Therefore, aeration should be performed in a small tank equipped with deodorization device, and then effluent should be sent to the leachate pond for evaporation.

감정동사"困る(komaru)"의 문법적 특징과 의미기능

스미유리카 ( Sumi Yurika ) 한국일어일문학회 2016 日語日文學硏究 Vol.98 No.1

본 논문은 현대 일본어 감정동사 중 하나인 "困る(komaru)"의 "シテイル (shiteiru)", "シタ(shita)", "スル(suru)"의 각 형식이 화자의 발화시점의 감정을 나타내는 경우의 사용기준을 밝히기 위해 비교 고찰한 것이다. 우선 각 형식이 사용되는 구문조건과 공기성분에서 문법적 특징을 파악하고, 그것을 바탕으로 곤란요인과 청자와의 관계의 관점에서 의미기능의 차이를 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 각 형식에는 이하와 같은 차이를 확인할 수 있었다."シテイル (shiteiru)"형식은 곤란요인을 반드시 문안에서 명시하여, 시간의 폭을 나타내는 부사성분과 공기하는 경우가 많다는 문법적 특징을 가지며, 현재 곤란한 상황에 있는 것을 청자에게 알리고자 하는 점에 발화의 의미기능이 있다. 다음으로 "シ タ(shita)"형식은 비대화적인 문법적 특징을 가지며 화자가 요인을 인식한 것과 동시에 발화하는 장면에서 주로 사용되므로 청자에 대한 적극적인 의도를 나타내지 않는다. 한편, "スル(suru)"형식은 청자를 의식한 문법적인 특징을 보이며, 발화에는 청자에게 더 이상 그 상황을 지속시키지 않도록, 또는 앞으로 같은 상황이 반복되지 않도록 제재하고자 하는 목적이 있다. 마지막으로 "シタ (shita)"형식과 "スル(suru)"형식이 양쪽 다 사용가능한 일어문(一語文)의 경우에는 화자의 요인인식 방식이 형식의 차이로 이어지는데 이러한 점들은 문법적특징을 통하여 확인할 수 있다. This study compares grammatical features and semantic functions while in usage of "suru", "shita" and "shiteiru" forms of "komaru" which is a emotion verb in modern Japanese. In order to define the language system of "komaru", first the grammatical environment while in usage of each form was determined and based on the results, lexical meaning was considered to set the criteria of study and from this perspective it was analyzed how the speaker chose and used the forms. The results show that "shiteiru" form posses grammatical features of co-occurring with adverbs expressing length of time. The cause of awkwardness of the speaker has no relationship with the listener but by the context and the meaning, and function of utterance can be realized by the fact that the speaker is in a awkward situation and is trying to notify the situation to the listener. Next, in "shita" form the fact that utterance takes place as soon as realizing the cause of awkwardness of speaker can be confirmed by non-conversational grammatical features and there is almost no demand to the listener through utterance. Finally, in "suru" form cause of awkwardness is proposed in the conditional clause with the purpose to prevent the speaker from continuing the situation or the re-occurrence of the situation. Also, as for "shita" and "suru" forms that can be both used as single word, speaker`s awareness of the cause leads to difference in forms.

就職のための日本語授業における協動學習の活用 -「自己分析」構築に着目して-

대전상강 ( Sumi Yurika Ota Yoshie ) 한국일어교육학회 2015 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.32

本稿は、韓國の2つの大學で2年間に渡って行った、協動學習を取り入れた就職のための日本語授業についての實踐報告である。卒業後を視野に入れた從來型のビジネス日本語關連授業では、就職後に必要な敬語やマナ-等を敎えることが多かったが、當該授業においては就職活動を成功させるために必要な日本語能力の習得を目標とし、面接や書類作成の土台となる「自己分析」の段階から授業に取り入れた。そして、より效果的に自己分析を行うために協動學習に着目し、先行硏究で指摘されている學生の感じる協動學習の短所に配慮した上で授業設計を行った。授業の妥當性や改善点を檢討するため、學期末に學生へアンケ-ト調査を實施し、就職關連授業に協動學習を取り入れることの效果と課題について分析を行った。その結果、ペア·グル-プで自己分析をしたことについて全體で95%の學生が「とてもよかった」または「よかった」と回答した。また、相手から得たアドバイスが役に立ったとの回答が83%であったことからも學習者の多くが協動學習を肯定的に捉えていることが確認できた。さらに自由記述の回答から進路設計においても肯定的な影響があったことが示唆された。一方、グル-プの組み方に對する不滿や、クラスメイトより敎師に添削やアドバイスを受けたいという意見、活動の時間不足を指摘する意見も見られた。また、授業で取り組んだ協動學習による自己分析および書類·面接對策を、どこまで實踐的に就職に結び付けられるかが、今後の課題である。 This study provides practical report on utilization of cooperative learning in Japanese class for job hunting in two universities in Korea for two years. Previous Japanese classes related to business mostly taught honorific expressions required at workplace but classes in this study introduce ‘self-analysis’ stage to succeed in getting a job. In addition, for effective self-analysis classes were designed with a focus on cooperative learning taking into consideration of conceptual component of cooperation which are ‘equality, discussion, creativity, process, and reciprocality’. The student survey showed that 95% of the students responded ‘very satisfied’ or ‘satisfied’ for self-analysis through pair groups. Also, many students responded that advice received from their partners helped so utilizing viewpoint of another person for self-analysis proved to be effective and feasibility of cooperative learning was verified. On the other hand, some were dissatisfied with the method of forming groups, some would rather receive advice from a teacher rather than students. It was revealed that the teacher should lead the learners by accurately explaining the meaning and purpose of cooperation and specifying the order by taking into consideration of the purpose and meaning of activities. Recognizing the fact that the role of a teacher is important for successful cooperative learning with high impact and satisfaction, the future task is to introduce cooperative learning with higher educational effects.

Volumetric growth analysis of maxillary sinus using computed tomography scan segmentation: a pilot study of Indonesian population

Erli Sarilita,Yurika Ambar Lita,Harry Galuh Nugraha,Nani Murniati,Harmas Yazid Yusuf 대한해부학회 2021 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.54 No.4

The aim of this study is to investigate the volumetric measurements of the maxillary sinus among Indonesian population through computed tomography (CT) scan semi-automated segmentation. This project collected 802 retrospective head CT scan archives from Department of Radiology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia between 2019-2020. Patients with craniofacial anomalies/pathology fracture in proximity of the maxillary sinuses, and mediocre image quality were excluded from this study resulting only 97 CT scan archives (194 maxillary sinuses; 52 males; 45 females; age range 0-25 years old). Three-dimensional craniofacial structures were reconstructed and volumetric measurements of the maxillary sinus were computed through semi-automated segmentation using ITK-SNAP. This study recorded the initial phase of maxillary sinus pneumatization during infancy. The maxillary sinus developed until reaching the maximum of average maxillary sinus volume at 13,278.73 mm3 in 16 to 20 years old group in which afterwards fell to 12,325.21 mm3. There was no difference found between right and left maxillary sinus volume. This study revealed that the pneumatization of maxillary sinus begin during infancy and climb until reaching the second decade of life, in which after that slowly decrease. Moreover, no difference between right and left maxillary sinus volume was detected. The volumetric dimension of maxillary sinus presented in this study may serve as the basis knowledge surgical intervention of maxillary sinus and its related structures.

Internet Survey of Japanese Patients With Chronic Constipation: Focus on Correlations Between Sleep Quality, Symptom Severity, and Quality of Life

( Sayuri Yamamoto ),( Yurika Kawamura ),( Kazuhiro Yamamoto ),( Yoshiharu Yamaguchi ),( Yasuhiro Tamura ),( Shinya Izawa ),( Hiroaki Nakagawa ),( Yoshinori Wakita ),( Yasutaka Hijikata ),( Masahide Eb 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2021 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.27 No.4

Background/Aims Chronic constipation and lifestyle factors can affect sleep quality. We evaluated the relationship between chronic constipation and sleep in the Japanese population. Methods This cross-sectional internet-based survey included 3000 subjects with constipation, classified according to sleep status (good/poor). Primary endpoints were Bristol stool form scale (BSFS) score and correlations between sleep disorder criteria of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep status (good/poor sleep). Secondary endpoints included correlations between quality of life (QOL) and mood, medical, lifestyle, and sleep factors. Results The proportion of participants with BSFS category 4 (normal stool) was significantly higher in the good sleep group (P < 0.001). Sleep disturbance (P < 0.05), sleep quality, and duration, use of hypnotic medication, and daytime dysfunction of PSQI (all P < 0.001) significantly correlated with poor sleep. In the poor sleep group, QOL was significantly worse and anxiety and depression levels were significantly higher (all P < 0.001) compared with the good sleep group. Anemia and smoking (both P < 0.05), recent body weight increases, and poor eating habits (all P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the poor sleep group. Male sex, onset associated with change in frequency of stools, sensation of incomplete evacuation for at least 25% of defecations, and manual maneuvers to facilitate at least 25% of defecations correlated with poor sleep. Conclusions Subjects with constipation and poor sleep experienced severe symptoms and had poor QOL. These data support the need for a multifocal treatment approach, including lifestyle advice and pharmacotherapy. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021;27:602-611)

Influence of Repeated Senna Laxative Use on Skin Barrier Function in Mice

( Satoshi Yokoyama ),( Keiichi Hiramoto ),( Yurika Yamate ),( Kazuya Ooi ) 대한피부과학회 2017 Annals of Dermatology Vol.29 No.4

Background: Senna, one of the major stimulant laxatives, is widely used for treating constipation. Chronic senna use has been reported to be associated with colonic disorders such as melanosis coli and/or epithelial hyperplasia. However, there is no obvious information on the influence of chronic senna use on organs except for the intestine. Objective: To clarify the influence of senna laxative use on skin barrier function by repeated senna administration. Methods: Eight-week-old male hairless mice received senna (10 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. After administration, we evaluated transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and investigated the bio-markers in plasma and skin using protein analysis methods. Results: Fecal water content on day seven was significantly increased; however, on day 21, it was significantly de-creased after repeated senna administration. In the senna-ad-ministered group, TEWL was significantly higher compared to the control on days seven and 21. Plasma acetylcholine concentration and NO₂ ^-/NO₃ ^- were increased on days sev-en and 21, respectively. In skin, tryptase-positive mast cells and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive cells were increased on days seven and 21, respectively. The in-crease of TEWL on days seven and 21 was suppressed by the administration of atropine and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, respectively. Conclusion: It was suggested that diar-rhea or constipation induced by repeated senna admin-istration caused the impairment of skin barrier function. There is a possibility that this impaired skin barrier function occurred due to degranulation of mast cells via cholinergic signals or oxidative stress derived from iNOS. (Ann Dermatol 29(4) 414∼421, 2017)

Spatial ability and anatomy learning performance among dental students

Sarilita Erli,Lita Yurika Ambar,Firman Dani Rizali,Wilkinson Tracey,Susilawati Sri,Saptarini Risti,Aripin Dudi,Sjamsudin Endang 한국의학교육학회 2022 Korean journal of medical education Vol.34 No.4

Purpose: Spatial perception is an essential skill for professional dentists. The objective of this study was to observe the spatial ability, as well as anatomy module grades, of dental students at a dental education center in Indonesia and relate these to gender and cohort.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out where dental students in years (cohorts) 1, 2, 4–6 were invited to take the Revised Purdue Spatial Visualization Test (PSVT-R) and the redrawn Vandenberg and Kuse Mental Rotation Test (MRT) in order to assess spatial ability. In addition, the 1st- and 2nd-year dental students carried out gross anatomy assessments. Spatial ability test results were compared using an independent t-test to detect gender differences, one-way analysis of variance to inspect cohort differences, and correlation relative to anatomy module scores.Results: A total of 326 dental students voluntarily participated. Statistically significant gender differences were found in both spatial ability tests in the overall sample (PSVT-R: p<0.001; MRT: p=0.001). When the 1st- and 2nd-year dental students were pooled, significant gender differences were detected, in which males scored higher than females in both spatial ability tests (PSVT-R: p<0.001; MRT: p=0.003). In anatomy, however, females scored higher than the males (p=0.005). In addition, there were weak to moderate, but significant correlations between spatial ability tests and anatomy scores.Conclusion: This study indicated that spatial ability may not be the only factor predicting the academic performance of dental students. However, dental students with low spatial ability scores may need supplementary educational techniques when learning specific spatial tasks.

Residual frying oil in the diets of sheep: intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and ruminal parameters

Peixoto, Eduardo Lucas Terra,Mizubuti, Ivone Yurika,Ribeiro, Edson Luiz de Azambuja,Moura, Elizabeth dos Santos,Pereira, Elzania Sales,Prado, Odimari Pricila Pires do,Carvalho, Larissa Nobrega de,Pire Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.1

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the intake and nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and ruminal ammonia nitrogen in lambs of diets containing different levels of residual frying oil. Methods: Levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 g/kg dry matter (DM) base of residual frying oil in the diets of lambs were evaluated. Five castrated lambs with initial body weights of $36.8{\pm}3.3kg$, distributed in a Latin square ($5{\times}5$) design, were used. Results: There was a decreasing linear effect on the intake of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total carbohydrates (TCH), and nonfibrous carbohydrates (NFC). There was an increased linear intake of ether extract (EE). The apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, TCH, and NFC, as well as urine nitrogen excretion, nitrogen balance and ruminal parameters, were not influenced by different levels of residual frying oil in the diet. EE digestibility presented a crescent linear effect. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the addition of residual frying oil to the diets of sheep can affect nutrient intake without affecting the digestibility of most nutrients (with the exception of EE), nitrogen balance and ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration.