남성화를 보이는 여성에서 발견된 난소의 Steroid Cell Tumor 1예

조인호,정대훈,박영미,서영진,손영실,정철회,강영미,정수전,김영남,이경복,성문수,김기태 인제대학교 2006 仁濟醫學 Vol.27 No.-

Steroid cell tumor is a rare ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor which accounts for 0.1% of all ovarian tumors. Until now, only 4 cases have been reported in domestic literatures. Steroid cell tumor often secrets testosterone and presents virilization in adult women or precocious puberty in children. Treatment is often performed by surgical removal, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation, but completely accepted treatment was not existed. We experienced a case of steroid cell tumor, which was manifested by typical virilization in a 43-year old patient, who was previously performed hysterectomy and unilateral oophorectomy. So, we present with a brief review of the literatures.

A SAUROPOD TRACKWAY IN DONGHAE-MYEON, GOSEONG COUNTY, SOUTH GYEONGSANG PROVINCE, KOREA AND ITS PALEOBIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF UHANGRI MANUS-ONLY SAUROPOD TRACKS

Yuong-Nam Lee(이융남),Hang-Jae Lee(이항재) 한국고생물학회 2006 고생물학회지 Vol.22 No.1

작은 구학포의 용각류 발자국 보행렬은 8 m에 걸쳐 11개의 연속적인 발자국으로 구성되어 있다. 평균 앞발자국의 길이와 폭은 각각 64.4 ㎝, 67.0 ㎝이다. 앞발자국은 첫 번째 발가락 끝에 발톱자국이 없는 둥근 형태다. 다섯 번째 발가락은 첫 번째 것보다 약간 더 크며 두 번째 발가락에서 네 번째까지 발가락은 분리된 형태를 보이지 않는다. 평균 뒷발자국의 길이와 폭은 각각 112.3 ㎝와 95 ㎝ 이며 한국에서 가장 큰 공룡 뒷발자국이다. 안쪽 보행렬 폭은 분명하게 “narrow gauge” 패턴을 보인다. 골격과 발자국의 진화된 특징, 몸의 크기, 서식지에 기초해 판단할 때 작은 구학포의 용각류 발자국을 남긴 용각류는 Diplodocidea 혹은 Macronaria에 속하는 것으로 추정된다. 작은 구학포의 용각류 발자국은 우항리 용각류 발자국이 몸의 뒷부분은 뜬 채 앞발을 이용해 물속에서 걸은 진짜 앞발자국임을 지시한다. 우항리의 발자국 안에는 중심에서 외부로 별 모양으로 뻗어나가는 가지를 가진 독특한 형태를 가진다. 이러한 방사선의 가지와 그 사이의 공간이 만드는 복잡한 구조는 공룡이 발을 밟았을 때 다소 단단한 지표가 깨지고 그 깨진 사이로 아래의 덜 고화된 진흙이 솟아올라 만들어진 것이다. 가지가 지표의 것보다 더 조립질이며 가지의 옆면에는 관찰되는 미세한 수직 선구조들은 이러한 해석에 중요한 증거들이다. 그러므로 우항리 용각류발자국의 독특한 내부구조는 최근에 제안된 “천개(天蓋)” 이론보다는 “열개(裂開)” 이론에 의해 더 합리적으로 해석된다. Sauropod tracks at Jageun Guhakpo tracksite consist of 11 consecutive footprints comprising a track-way of about 8 meters. The average manus length and width is 64.4 ㎝ and 67.0 ㎝, respectively. These tracks are broadly rounded shaped without claw mark in digit Ⅰ. Digit Ⅴ has slightly larger area than digit Ⅰ and there is no separating for digits Ⅱ-Ⅳ impressions. The average pes length and width is 112.3 ㎝ and 95 ㎝, respectively which is the largest pes print in Korea. The inner trackway width clearly indicates a 'narrow gauge' pattern. A sauropod dinosaur belonging to the Diplodocidea or the Macronaria can be suggested as a candidate for the Jageun Guhakpo trackmaker based on skeletal and ichnological synapomorphies, animal size, and provenance. Jageun Guhakpo sauropod tracks support that Uhangri sauropod tracks are manus true prints made by sauropod dinosaurs that floated their hindquarters while walking along the bottom with their forelimbs. The floor of each print is raised into a starburst pattern of crests radiating from the center towards the outer margin, making an extraordinary morphology. The origin of this complex system of crests and intervening pockets were made as extrusion of thelower water-saturated mud upward through the overlying, elastic yet firm layers, by means of fractures generated by the impact of a dinosaur's foot. It is proved by crests comprising of coarser lower layer than finer surface layer and fine vertical striations observed on the walls of crests. Therefore, the extra-morphological features of Uhangri sauropod manus tracks can be much more reasonably explained by "cracked-open" model rather than "canopy" model recently proposed.

Dinosaur eggs and nests in South Korea and their contributions to dinosaur research and conservation

Yuong-Nam Lee 대한지질학회 2017 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

Unusual locomotion behaviour preserved within a crocodyliform trackway from the Upper Cretaceous Bayanshiree Formation of Mongolia and its palaeobiological implications

Lee, Yuong-Nam,Lee, Hang-Jae,Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu,Paulina-Carabajal, Ariana,Barsbold, Rinchen,Fiorillo, Anthony R.,Tsogtbaatar, Khishigjav Elsevier 2019 Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology Vol.533 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Crocodyliform tracks are reported from the Upper Cretaceous (?Cenomanian-Santonian) Bayanshiree Formation in southeastern Mongolia. Ten tracks are preserved as natural casts, forming a trackway with a quadrupedal gait pattern with a tail trail. All tracks are short and wide, and dominated by toe traces without plantar impressions. Pes tracks are characterized by four deep claw impressions and push-back marks behind them. Manus tracks have shallow claw marks and long, sub-parallel scratch marks behind. The preferential association of the scratch marks with only the distal digit impressions and irregular pattern of footfalls suggests that this trackway was made by a bottom walking and punting crocodyliform under water. This trackway represents the first crocodyliform “swim tracks” in the Late Cretaceous of Asia and the first evidence for punting behaviour of a fossil crocodyliform. The “swim tracks” can be divided into two categories such as bottom walking tracks with punting for moving somewhat more quickly and subaqueous walking tracks without punting to be associated with slower underwater speeds. The tracks show that crocodylians had adopted a bottom walking behaviour similar to extant crocodylians by Cretaceous times.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The first report of crocodyliform “swim tracks” in the Late Cretaceous of Asia </LI> <LI> The first evidence for punting behaviour of a fossil crocodyliform </LI> <LI> Conspicuous dragging behaviour during bottom walking </LI> <LI> Division into two categories of crocodyliform “swim tracks” </LI> </UL> </P>

Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur Deinocheirus mirificus

Lee, Yuong-Nam,Barsbold, Rinchen,Currie, Philip J.,Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu,Lee, Hang-Jae,Godefroit, Pascal,Escuillié,, Franç,ois,Chinzorig, Tsogtbaatar Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2014 Nature Vol.515 No.7526

The holotype of Deinocheirus mirificus was collected by the 1965 Polish–Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition at Altan Uul III in the southern Gobi of Mongolia. Because the holotype consists mostly of giant forelimbs (2.4 m in length) with scapulocoracoids, for almost 50 years Deinocheirus has remained one of the most mysterious dinosaurs. The mosaic of ornithomimosaur and non-ornithomimosaur characters in the holotype has made it difficult to resolve the phylogenetic status of Deinocheirus. Here we describe two new specimens of Deinocheirus that were discovered in the Nemegt Formation of Altan Uul IV in 2006 and Bugiin Tsav in 2009. The Bugiin Tsav specimen (MPC-D 100/127) includes a left forelimb clearly identifiable as Deinocheirus and is 6% longer than the holotype. The Altan Uul IV specimen (MPC-D 100/128) is approximately 74% the size of MPC-D 100/127. Cladistic analysis indicates that Deinocheirus is the largest member of the Ornithomimosauria; however, it has many unique skeletal features unknown in other ornithomimosaurs, indicating that Deinocheirus was a heavily built, non-cursorial animal with an elongate snout, a deep jaw, tall neural spines, a pygostyle, a U-shaped furcula, an expanded pelvis for strong muscle attachments, a relatively short hind limb and broad-tipped pedal unguals. Ecomorphological features in the skull, more than a thousand gastroliths, and stomach contents (fish remains) suggest that Deinocheirus was a megaomnivore that lived in mesic environments.

A new dinosaur tracksite from the Lower Cretaceous Sanbukdong Formation of Gunsan City, South Korea

Lee, Yuong-Nam,Lee, Hang-Jae,Han, Sang-Young,Park, Euijun,Lee, Chan Hee Elsevier 2018 Cretaceous research Vol.91 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>South Korea has become globally famous for various tetrapod footprints from Upper Cretaceous strata. Here we report the first Early Cretaceous “large” tracksite from the Sanbukdong Formation of an unnamed small basin in the west of Gunsan City, North Jeolla Province. The tracksite (720 m<SUP>2</SUP>) produced 425 tracks. Among them, eleven ornithopod and three theropod trackways (189 tracks) were measured and mapped in detail. Most of ornithopod tracks are large (32 cm–51 cm in length) and very similar to pes imprints of <I>Caririchnium lotus</I> from China in that the general track dimensions and large heel pad impressions are typically longer than wide. They are attributable to basal hadrosauroids based on their stratigraphic and palaeogeographic occurrence as well as skeletal evidence in Korea. Eleven ornithopod trackways show gregarious behaviour and two main directions of movements along a lake margin. One movement is that of a group that went back and forth along the lacustrine margin and the other movement showing dinosaurs that came to the lakeshore probably to drink water or any other purposes. One trackway consists of 39 consecutive tracks with the distance of 39 m, representing the longest Early Cretaceous ornithopod trackway ever found in Korea. Sanbukdong ornithopod tracks suggest that basal hadorsauroids had the same growth pattern as derived hadrosaurids such as a brief period where it was very rapid. They also support independently that the majority of Early Cretaceous basal hadrosauroids were smaller than Late Cretaceous hadrosaurids in body size. Two theropod trackways consist of large tracks (more than 40 cm in length) and closely resemble <I>Irenesauripus glenrosensis</I> from the Lower Cretaceous of Texas which was inferred to be of <I>Acrocanthosaurus</I> origin. It is reasonable that they are attributable to carcharodontosaurids because their skeletal materials were already reported from the Lower Cretaceous strata in China and Korea. This new tracksite indicates that large ornithopod and theropod dinosaurs lived in the Early Cretaceous in Korea and strengthens previous hypotheses of their existence based on only isolated teeth.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Discovery of the largest dinosaur tracksite from the Early Cretaceous of Korea. </LI> <LI> Large ornithopod and theropod tracks strengthen previous hypotheses of their existence in Korea based on only isolated teeth. </LI> <LI> Ornithopod tracks imply a possible ichnofaunal connection between Korea and China in the Early Cretaceous. </LI> <LI> Basal hadrosauroids might have the same growth pattern as derived hadrosaurids. </LI> </UL> </P>

Unusual association of dinosaur trackways with a skeleton from the Nemegt Formation at Bugiin Tsav, Mongolia

Yuong-Nam Lee,Hang-Jae Lee,Philip J. Currie,Louis L. Jacobs,Thomas L. Adams,Yoshitsugu Kobayashi,Eva B. Koppelhus 대한지질학회 2017 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

The oldest modern lizard trackways from the Early Cretaceous Hasandong Formation in Hadong County, Korea

Yuong-Nam Lee,Hang-Jae Lee,Anthony R. Fiorillo,Junchang Lu 대한지질학회 2017 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

A new investigation of Bunolophodon yokotii Makiyama, 1938 from the Kidong Formation, Myeongcheon, Hamgyeongbuk-do, North Korea

Yuong-Nam Lee,Yukimitsu Tomida 대한지질학회 2005 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.

Kirgizemys ("macrobaenid") turtle from the Geoncheonri Formation of South Korea

Yuong-Nam Lee,J. Howard Hutchison,Ki-Hong Chang 대한지질학회 2009 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.