Genome based quantification of VHSV in multiple organs of infected olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) using real-time PCR

Hyunsu Kim,Kyung‑Wan Baek,고은지,Nguyen Thanh Luan,Yunjin Lim,Heyong Jin Roh,Nameun Kim,Do‑Hyung Kim,Ahran Kim,Yung Hyun Choi,Suhkmann Kim,Heui‑Soo Kim,Mee Sun Ock,차희재 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.7

Background Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is a serious viral disease that infects the olive flounder in South Korea. The Korean aquaculture industry experienced an economic loss caused by the high infectivity and mortality. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the infection density of VHSV in various organs of the olive flounder including spleen, liver, kidney, stomach, esophagus, intestine, gill, muscle, heart, and brain. Olive flounders were collected from a local fish farm and injected subcutaneously with 106 PFU/fish. Methods Each 15 fish were sampled at 0, 3, and 7 days post challenge (dpc), respectively, to perform quantitative analysis of VHSV using SYBR-green based real-time PCR in various tissues including spleen, liver, head-kidney, body-kidney, muscle, esophagus, stomach, intestine, gill, and brain. Results Organs infected with VHSV were obtained after 3 and 7 days. Each organs were examined for viral infection using real-time PCR. The data obtained from this experiment revealed copy numbers higher than 10 copies per 100 ng cDNA in the spleen (15.26 ± 3.11 copies/100 ng of cDNA), muscle (11.24 ± 2.25 copies), and gill (14.23 ± 6.26 copies), but lower in liver, head-kidney, body-kidney, esophagus, brain and stomach. Conclusion The present study, together with previous data, demonstrated that the gill, spleen, and muscle are the major target organs of VHSV in olive flounder. Therefore, central monitoring of spleen, gill and muscle should be considered and might be necessary if anti-VHSV treatment is to be successful in infected olive flounder.

Enhanced Detection of Glycans by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Using a Binary Matrix of 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid and 2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid

( Yunjin Kim ),( Taehee Kim ),( Jihyeon Lee ),( Haeju Im ),( Jeongkwon Kim ) 한국질량분석학회 2013 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.4 No.2

Glycans released from ovalbumin by PNGase F were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-offlight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry using three different dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) matrix systems: 2,5-DHB, 2,6- DHB, and a 2,5-DHB/2,6-DHB binary matrix. Relative to the results obtained with the single-component matrices (2,5-DHB or 2,6-DHB), the 2,5-DHB/2,6-DHB binary matrix boasted lower background noise and higher sensitivity. A total of 16 glycan peaks were observed using the 2,5-DHB/2,6-DHB binary matrix, while only 10 and 9 glycan peaks were observed using the 2,5- DHB and 2,6-DHB matrices, respectively.

Enhanced Detection of Glycans by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Using a Binary Matrix of 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid and 2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid

Kim, Yunjin,Kim, Taehee,Lee, Jihyeon,Im, Haeju,Kim, Jeongkwon Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2013 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.4 No.2

Glycans released from ovalbumin by PNGase F were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry using three different dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) matrix systems: 2,5-DHB, 2,6-DHB, and a 2,5-DHB/2,6-DHB binary matrix. Relative to the results obtained with the single-component matrices (2,5-DHB or 2,6-DHB), the 2,5-DHB/2,6-DHB binary matrix boasted lower background noise and higher sensitivity. A total of 16 glycan peaks were observed using the 2,5-DHB/2,6-DHB binary matrix, while only 10 and 9 glycan peaks were observed using the 2,5-DHB and 2,6-DHB matrices, respectively.

Do we have to test hemoglobin level routinely after total laparoscopic hysterectomy?

( Yunjin Park ),( In Ok Lee ),( Jung-yun Lee ),( Eun Ji Nam ),( Han Byoul Cho ),( Sang Wun Kim ),( Jae-hoon Kim ),( Young Tae Kim ),( Sunghoon Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2016 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.102 No.-

목적: Routine checking of hemoglobin (Hb) level after total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) has been questioned by researchers. Postoperative Hb might help to find out patients who need intervention to correct postoperative anemia. The aim of this study is to investigate perioperative factors affecting to postoperative intervention and cut-off values of the factors for predicting the patients' probability of receiving postoperative intervention. 방법: Medical records of patients who underwent elective TLH in our institution from January 2012 to December 2014 were reviewed. Patients who had intraoperative complications including vaginal laceration, bladder rupture or received transfusion during the operations were excluded. Women who received transfusion or took iron agent before the operations were also excluded. Patients with or without postoperative intervention were classified. Postoperative intervention included intravenous or oral iron agent, transfusion, abdomino-pelvic computer tomography scan, and reoperation. 결과: A total of 966 women underwent TLH during study period. 265 patients (27.4%) were received postoperative intervention. Patients with postoperative intervention had lower preoperative and postoperative Hb level, longer operation time, heavy uterine weight and blood loss during operation compared with patients without postoperative intervention. (p<0.001) Analysis by subgroup divided by preoperative Hb level revealed that lower preoperative Hb level was related with smaller decrease of Hb level after operation and greater opportunity to receive postoperative intervention. (p<0.001) Cutoff value of preoperative Hb level for predicting the patients' probability of receiving postoperative intervention was 10.1 g/dL with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.837. (sensitivity: 0.343, specificity: 0.967) 결론: Possibility of having postoperative intervention after TLH is affected by not decreasing amount of Hb levels but absolute value of Hb level. Patients, whose preoperative Hb level was below 10.1g/dL, had strong possibility to take postoperative intervention to correct postoperative anemia.

Reversal of an Unconditioned Behavioral Preference for Specific Food Pellets by Intervention of Whisker Sensory Inputs

Kim, Hannah,Lee, Yunjin,Kim, Ji-Eun,Han, Pyung-Lim The Korean Society for Brain and Neural Science 2016 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.25 No.2

<P>Adenylyl cyclase type-5 (AC5) is preferentially expressed in the dorsal striatum. Recently, we reported that AC5 knockout (KO) mice preferred food pellets carrying an olfactory cue produced by AC5 KO mice during food consumption (AC5 KO pellets) over food pellets that had been taken by wildtype (WT) mice. In the present study, we demonstrated that whisker trimming on the right side of the face but not the left in AC5 KO mice blocked the behavioral preference for AC5 KO pellets. Conversely, whisker trimming on the right but not the left in WT mice induced a behavioral preference for AC5 KO pellets. Mice lacking D2 dopamine receptor (D2 KO mice) also showed a behavioral preference for AC5 KO pellets. In D2 mice, whisker trimming on the right side of the face but not the left blocked a behavioral preference for AC5 KO food pellets. AC5 KO mice had increased level of phospho-CaMKIIα in the dorsal striatum, and WT mice with whiskers cut on either side also showed increased p-CaMKIIα level in the dorsal striatum. The siRNA-mediated inhibition of CaMKIIα in the dorsal striatum in either the right or the left hemisphere in AC5 KO mice and D2 KO mice blocked the behavioral preference for AC5 KO pellets. However, behavioral changes induced by this inhibition on each side showed asymmetrical time courses. These results suggest that an unconditioned behavioral preference for specific food pellets can be switched on or off based on the balance of states of neural activity in the dorsal striatum regulated by a signaling pathway centered on AC5 and D2 and the sensory inputs of whiskers from the right side of the face.</P>

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester activation of Nrf2 pathway is enhanced under oxidative state: Structural analysis and potential as a pathologically targeted therapeutic agent in treatment of colonic inflammation

Kim, Hyunjeong,Kim, Wooseong,Yum, Soohwan,Hong, Sungchae,Oh, Jeong-Eun,Lee, Ji-Woo,Kwak, Mi-Kyoung,Park, Eun Ji,Na, Dong Hee,Jung, Yunjin Elsevier 2013 FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Vol.65 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a polyphenolic natural product that possesses numerous biological activities including anti-inflammatory effects. CAPE-mediated nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation is likely responsible for some of its biological effects. CAPE was chemically modified to yield CAPE analogues that were subjected to experiments examining cellular Nrf2 activity. CAPE and the CAPE analogue with a catechol moiety, but not the other analogues, activated the Nrf2 pathway. In addition, only biotin-labeled CAPE analogues with the catechol moiety precipitated Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) when incubated with cell lysates and streptavidin agarose beads. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) oxidation of the catechol moiety in CAPE produced an oxidized, electrophilic form of CAPE (Oxi-CAPE) and greatly enhanced the ability of CAPE to activate Nrf2 and to bind to Keap1. Rectal administration of CAPE ameliorated 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced rat colitis and activated the Nrf2 pathway in the inflamed colon, and incubation of CAPE in the lumen of the inflamed distal colon generated Oxi-CAPE. However, these biological effects and chemical change of CAPE were not observed in the normal colon. Our data suggest that CAPE requires the catechol moiety for the oxidation-enhanced activation of the Nrf2 pathway and has potential as a pathologically targeted Nrf2-activating agent that is exclusively activated in pathological states with oxidative stress such as colonic inflammation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The catechol moiety in caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is required for CAPE activation of Nrf2. </LI> <LI> Oxidized CAPE (most likely an electrophilic <I>o</I>-quinone form) is responsible for the biological activity of CAPE. </LI> <LI> CAPE ameliorates experimental rat colitis and generates the oxidized form of CAPE in the inflamed colonic tissues. </LI> <LI> CAPE activates the Nrf2 pathway in the inflamed colonic tissues but not in the normal colonic tissues. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Analysis of Research Trends Focusing on Outcomes in Language Learning Using MMORPGs

( Yunjin Kim ) 한국멀티미디어언어교육학회 2018 Multimedia Assisted Language Learning Vol.21 No.4

Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) are steadily gaining popularity as language learning tools among second and foreign language learners. The purpose of the current study is to explore the language learning findings of previous studies published from 2008 to 2018 through database searches using the keywords: ‘MMORPGs’, ‘online RPG’, ‘RPG’, ‘language learning’, and ‘English education’. Thirty articles that met the research requirements were selected. A qualitative content analysis was adopted to analyze previous studies, dividing them into three categories: 1) game design, 2) language skills and knowledge, and 3) pedagogical processes. Additionally, a theoretical framework was employed in the current study, classifying the content of previous studies into three categories: cognitive, social and affective perspectives, with each category linked with language learning theories including cognitivism, constructivism, socio-cultural perspectives, and behaviorism. The results indicated that the outcomes in MMORPG language learning could be classified into specific themes: communication, collaboration, interaction, and motivation. The design of MMORPGs (character, narrative environments, and quests) has an impact on learning experiences and engagement. The possibilities and potentialities of using MMORPGs were addressed in terms of mediating language learning between real and virtual worlds. Suggestions were made to implement the use of MMORPGs for future language learning in English education based on Csíkszentmihályi’s (2000) flow theory.

Analysis of the Electrochemical Property of Graphene-Based Hybrid Catalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Yunjin Kim,A. Anto Jeffery,Sourabh Chougule,Jiho Min,Keonwoo Ko,Namgee Jung 한국신재생에너지학회 2021 AFORE Vol.2021 No.10

Therapeutic switching of sulpiride, an anti-psychotic and prokinetic drug, to an anti-colitic drug using colon-specific drug delivery

Kim, Dohoon,Kim, Wooseong,Jeong, Seongkeun,Kim, Dayoon,Yoo, Jin-Wook,Jung, Yunjin Springer-Verlag 2019 Drug delivery and translational research Vol.9 No.1

Conjugation of metronidazole with dextran: a potential pharmaceutical strategy to control colonic distribution of the anti-amebic drug susceptible to metabolism by colonic microbes

Kim, Wooseong,Yang, Yejin,Kim, Dohoon,Jeong, Seongkeun,Yoo, Jin-Wook,Yoon, Jeong-Hyun,Jung, Yunjin Dove Medical Press 2017 Drug design, development and therapy Vol.11 No.-

<P>Metronidazole (MTDZ), the drug of choice for the treatment of protozoal infections such as luminal amebiasis, is highly susceptible to colonic metabolism, which may hinder its conversion from a colon-specific prodrug to an effective anti-amebic agent targeting the entire large intestine. Thus, in an attempt to control the colonic distribution of the drug, a polymeric colon-specific prodrug, MTDZ conjugated to dextran via a succinate linker (Dex-SA-MTDZ), was designed. Upon treatment with dextranase for 8 h, the degree of Dex-SA-MTDZ depolymerization (%) with a degree of substitution (mg of MTDZ bound in 100 mg of Dex-SA-MTDZ) of 7, 17, and 30 was 72, 38, and 8, respectively, while that of dextran was 85. Depolymerization of Dex-SA-MTDZ was found to be necessary for the release of MTDZ, because dextranase pretreatment ensures that de-esterification occurs between MTDZ and the dextran backbone. In parallel, Dex-SA-MTDZ with a degree of substitution of 17 was found not to release MTDZ upon incubation with the contents of the small intestine and stomach of rats, but it released MTDZ when incubated with rat cecal contents (including microbial dextranases). Moreover, Dex-SA-MTDZ exhibited prolonged release of MTDZ, which contrasts with drug release by small molecular colon-specific prodrugs, MTDZ sulfate and <I>N</I>-nicotinoyl-2-{2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyloxy}-<SMALL>D</SMALL>,<SMALL>L</SMALL>-glycine. These prodrugs were eliminated very rapidly, and no MTDZ was detected in the cecal contents. Consistent with these in vitro results, we found that oral gavage of Dex-SA-MTDZ delivered MTDZ (as MTDZ conjugated to [depolymerized] dextran) to the distal colon. However, upon oral gavage of the small molecular prodrugs, no prodrugs were detected in the distal colon. Collectively, these data suggest that dextran conjugation is a potential pharmaceutical strategy to control the colonic distribution of drugs susceptible to colonic microbial metabolism.</P>