Surgical technique for single-port laparoscopy in huge ovarian tumors: SW Kim`s technique and comparison to laparotomy

( Jeong Sook Kim ),( In Ok Lee ),( Kyung Jin Eoh ),( Young Shin Chung ),( Inha Lee ),( Jung-yun Lee ),( Eun Ji Nam ),( Sunghoon Kim ),( Young Tae Kim ),( Sang Wun Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2017 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.60 No.2

Objective This study aimed to introduce a method to remove huge ovarian tumors (≥15 cm) intact with single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) using SW Kim`s technique and to compare the surgical outcomes with those of laparotomy. Methods Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients who underwent either SPLS (n=21) with SW Kim`s technique using a specially designed 30×30-cm2-sized 3XL LapBag or laparotomy (n=22) for a huge ovarian tumor from December 2008 to May 2016. Perioperative surgical outcomes were compared. Results In 19/21 (90.5%) patients, SPLS was successfully performed without any tumor spillage or conversion to multi-port laparoscopy or laparotomy. There was no significant difference in patient characteristics, including tumor diameter and total operation time, between both groups. The postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter for the SPLS group than for the laparotomy group (median, 2 [1 to 5] vs. 4 [3 to 17] days; P<0.001). The number of postoperative general diet build-up days was also significantly shorter for the SPLS group (median, 1 [1 to 4] vs. 3 [2 to 16] days; P<0.001). Immediate post-operative pain score was lower in the SPLS group (median, 2.0 [0 to 8] vs. 4.0 [0 to 8]; P=0.045). Patient-controlled anesthesia was used less in the SPLS group (61.9% vs. 100%). Conclusion SPLS was successful in removing most large ovarian tumors without rupture and showed quicker recovery and less immediate post-operative pain in comparison to laparotomy. SPLS using SW Kim`s technique could be a feasible solution to removing huge ovarian tumors.

한문고전문헌의 기계번역 평가방안 탐색

정성훈 ( Jung¸ Sunghoon ),하지영 ( Ha¸ Jiyoung ),김우정 ( Kim¸ Woojeong ) 근역한문학회 2021 한문학논집(漢文學論集) Vol.60 No.-

이 글은 기계번역을 이용한 한문고전 번역물의 품질평가 방법을 살펴보고, 품질평가의 객관성을 제고하는 동시에 번역품질 향상에 기여할 수 있는 방안을 제안한 것이다. 고립어인 한문 고전문언문은 문체가 다양하고 문법상의 변화도 복잡하다. 또한 기계번역은 평가기준·평가목적·평가비용·텍스트의 종류 등도 함께 고려하여야 하므로 신뢰성이 높고 간편한 번역 품질 평가모델을 개발하기가 쉽지 않다. 자동평가는 기계번역의 어떤 요소가 번역 품질에 영향을 미치는지는 알 수 없으며, 점수가 가장 높은 기계번역 모델을 보여줄 수는 있지만 기계번역 품질에 대한 타당성을 보장하지는 못한다. 그리고 평가기준도 평가모델에 따라 달라질 수 있고 대량의 데이터를 필요로 하는 경우도 있다. 이런 문제점을 보완하기 위해서는 수동평가가 필요한데, 평가자 각각의 경험이나 수준이 존재하고, 평가기준에 대한 이해가 다를 수 있으며, 평가 환경이나 차수에 따른 차이 등 주관에 치우칠 우려도 불식하기 어렵다. 따라서 자동평가와 수동평가의 장단점을 고려하여 기계번역기의 성격과 목적에 맞는 평가방법을 찾아 적용하되, 기계번역 모델의 성능을 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 척도를 개발하여야 하며, 궁극적으로 이러한 평가방법이 기계번역 모델의 문제점을 찾아 개선해나가는 데 도움이 될 수 있도록 해야 한다. The purpose of this paper is to examine several methods of translation quality evaluation on the classical chinese using machine translation, and suggest some ways to increase the objectivity of quality evaluation and improve the quality of translation. The classical chinese, an isolated language, have diverse styles and complicated grammatical changes. In addition, it is not easy to develop a reliable and easy translation quality evaluation model because machine translation should also consider evaluation standards, evaluation purposes, evaluation costs, and types of text. Automatic evaluation does not know which elements of machine translation affect translation quality, and although it can show the highest scoring machine translation model, it does not guarantee validity for machine translation quality. In addition, evaluation criteria may vary depending on the evaluation model and may require a large amount of data. To compensate for this problem, manual evaluation is required, which may have different results depending on the experience or level of the appraiser, understanding of the criteria, and the environment or number of evaluations. Therefore, considering the advantages and disadvantages of automatic and manual evaluation, an evaluation method suitable for the purpose of the machine translator shall be found and applied, but a measure shall be developed to objectively evaluate the performance of the machine translation model. And ultimately, these evaluation methods should help identify and improve the problems of the machine translation model.

Gevab: a prototype genome variation analysis browsing server

Kim, Woo-Yeon,Kim, Sang-Yoon,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Ahn, Sung-Min,Byun, Ha Na,Kim, Deokhoon,Kim, Dae-Soo,Lee, Yong Seok,Ghang, Ho,Park, Daeui,Kim, Byoung-Chul,Kim, Chulhong,Lee, Sunghoon,Kim, Seong-Jin,Bhak, BioMed Central 2009 BMC bioinformatics Vol.10 No.suppl15

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>The first Korean individual diploid genome sequence data (KOREF) was publicized in December 2008.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A Korean genome variation analysis and browsing server (Gevab) was constructed as a database and web server for the exploration and downloading of Korean personal genome(s). Information in the Gevab includes SNPs, short indels, and structural variation (SV) and comparison analysis between the NCBI human reference and the Korean genome(s). The user can find information on assembled consensus sequences, sequenced short reads, genetic variations, and relationships between genotype and phenotypes.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>This server is openly and publicly available online at http://koreagenome.org/en/ or directly http://gevab.org.</P>

Expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 and immune checkpoint markers in residual tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer

Kim, Hyun-Soo,Kim, Ji-Ye,Lee, Yong Jae,Kim, So Hee,Lee, Jung-Yun,Nam, Eun Ji,Kim, Sunghoon,Kim, Sang Wun,Kim, Young Tae Elsevier 2018 Gynecologic oncology Vol.151 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>To investigate the prognostic value of the expressions of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and immune checkpoint markers in residual tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We collected pre- and post-NAC tumor samples from patients with advanced HGSOC between 2006 and 2017. Post-NAC tumor tissue samples were available for immunostaining from 131 patients. The expressions of PD-L1 and immune checkpoint markers were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and the status of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was also evaluated. We examined whether there are significant associations between protein expression status and patient outcomes and whether significant changes in protein expression levels occurred in response to NAC.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>PD-L1 expression in the tumor cells was evaluated in 113 patients, 12 (10.6%) of whom had high PD-L1 expression (≥25%) in post-NAC tissues. However, these high levels were not associated with progression-free survival (PFS; P = 0.348) or overall survival (OS; P = 0.699). Similarly, high stromal TILs [≥50%; n = 16 (15.0%)] among the 107 patients evaluated did not show any significant impact on PFS (P = 0.250) or OS (P = 0.800). Moreover, an abundance of TILs (intraepithelial, CD8+, and Foxp3+) and the expression of immune checkpoint markers (PD-1, ICOS, and LAG-3) in residual tumors did not confer any significant survival benefit. The impact of NAC on PD-L1 expression and stromal TILs varied considerably among individual patients.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Although the expression of PD-L1 and immune checkpoint markers in residual tumors after NAC had no prognostic impact on survival in patients with HGSOC, post-NAC evaluation of these proteins in chemoresistant tumors may help select patients for immunotherapy trials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PD-L1 expression and stromal TILs were low in most residual tumors after NAC. </LI> <LI> High expression of immune parameters did not show any significant impact on survival. </LI> <LI> The impact of NAC on immune parameters varied considerably among individual patients. </LI> <LI> This study highlights the importance of evaluating the post-NAC samples to guide adjuvant treatment. </LI> </UL> </P>

Crystal structure of human cytosolic aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, a component of multi-tRNA synthetase complex

Kim, Kyung Rok,Park, Sang Ho,Kim, Hyoun Sook,Rhee, Kyung Hee,Kim, Byung-Gyu,Kim, Dae Gyu,Park, Mi Seul,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Sunghoon,Han, Byung Woo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2013 Proteins Vol.81 No.10

<P>Human cytosolic aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (DRS) catalyzes the attachment of the amino acid aspartic acid to its cognate tRNA and it is a component of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) which has been known to be involved in unexpected signaling pathways. Here, we report the crystal structure of DRS at a resolution of 2.25 Å. DRS is a homodimer with a dimer interface of 3750.5 Å<SUP>2</SUP> which comprises 16.6% of the monomeric surface area. Our structure reveals the C-terminal end of the N-helix which is considered as a unique addition in DRS, and its conformation further supports the switching model of the N-helix for the transfer of tRNA<SUP>Asp</SUP> to elongation factor 1α. From our analyses of the crystal structure and post-translational modification of DRS, we suggest that the phosphorylation of Ser146 provokes the separation of DRS from the MSC and provides the binding site for an interaction partner with unforeseen functions.</P>

Analysis of chromosomal changes in serous ovarian carcinoma using high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization: Potential predictive markers of chemoresistant disease

Kim, Sang Wun,Kim, Jae Wook,Kim, Young Tae,Kim, Jae Hoon,Kim, Sunghoon,Yoon, Bo Sung,Nam, Eun Ji,Kim, Hye Yeon Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Genes, chromosomes & cancer Vol.46 No.1

<P>The mechanism of drug resistance in cancer is multifactorial, and the accumulation of multiple genetic changes may lead to drug-resistant phenotypes. This study sought to determine characteristic genetic changes in chemoresistant serous ovarian carcinomas using high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), and identified genomic aberrations that could be used as predictive markers of chemoresistant disease. Seventeen primary ovarian tumors from optimally debulked stage IIIc serous ovarian carcinoma patients were analyzed using aCGH. Ten patients had chemoresistant disease (progression within 12 months of initial chemotherapy), whereas seven patients had chemosensitive disease (no recurrence for more than 36 months). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to select chromosomal aberrations that could help distinguish chemoresistant disease from chemosensitive disease. In 17 tumors, frequent increases in DNA copy number were seen on 1p36.33, 3q26.2, 8q24.3, 10q26.3, 12p11.21, 20q13.33, and 21q22.3, and frequent losses were observed on 4p12, 5q13.2, 7q11.21, 8p23.1, 14q32.33, Xq13.3, and Xq21.31. The gains on 5p15.33 and 14q11.2, and losses on 4q34.2, 4q35.2, 5q15, 8p21.1, 8p21.2, 11p15.5, 13q14.13, 13q14.2, 13q32.1, 13q34, 16q22.2, 17p11.2, 17p12, and 22q12.3 were more frequent in chemoresistant disease. The losses on 13q32.1 and 8p21.1 had the largest areas under the curve (AUC 0.90 and 0.85, respectively). The most reliable combination of chromosomal aberrations for detecting chemoresistant disease was the loss on 13q32.1 and 8p21.1 (AUC 0.950). Our findings suggest that these chromosomal aberrations are potential predictive markers of chemoresistant disease in patients with serous ovarian carcinomas. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

Clinical outcomes of adjuvant radiation therapy and prognostic factors in early stage uterine cervical cancer

Kim, Hyun Ju,Rhee, Woo Joong,Choi, Seo Hee,Nam, Eun Ji,Kim, Sang Wun,Kim, Sunghoon,Kim, Young Tae,Kim, Gwi Eon,Kim, Yong Bae The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2015 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.33 No.2

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and to analyze prognostic factors of survival in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) IB-IIA uterine cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 148 patients with FIGO IB-IIA uterine cervical cancer who underwent surgery followed by adjuvant RT at the Yonsei Cancer Center between June 1997 and December 2011. Adjuvant radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvis or an extended field with or without brachytherapy. Among all patients, 57 (38.5%) received adjuvant chemotherapy either concurrently or sequentially. To analyze prognostic factors, we assessed clinicopathologic variables and metabolic parameters measured on preoperative 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). To evaluate the predictive performance of metabolic parameters, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The median follow-up period was 63.2 months (range, 2.7 to 206.8 months). Locoregional recurrence alone occurred in 6 patients, while distant metastasis was present in 16 patients, including 2 patients with simultaneous regional failure. The 5-year and 10-year OSs were 87.0% and 85.4%, respectively. The 5-year and 10-year DFSs were 83.8% and 82.5%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, pathologic type and tumor size were shown to be significant prognostic factors associated with both DFS and OS. In subset analysis of 40 patients who underwent preoperative PET/CT, total lesion glycolysis was shown to be the most significant prognostic factor among the clinicopathologic variables and metabolic parameters for DFS. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that adjuvant RT following hysterectomy effectively improves local control. From the subset analysis of preoperative PET/CT, we can consider that metabolic parameters may hold prognostic significance in early uterine cervical cancer patients. More effective systemic treatments might be needed to reduce distant metastasis in these patients.

Extremely Flexible Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Organic Devices

Jung, Sunghoon,Lee, Sunghun,Song, Myungkwan,Kim, Do-Geun,You, Dae Sung,Kim, Jong-Kuk,Kim, Chang Su,Kim, Tae-Min,Kim, Kwon-Hyeon,Kim, Jang-Joo,Kang, Jae-Wook Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley Sons) 2014 Advanced Energy Materials Vol.4 No.1

<P>Extremely flexible transparent conducting electrodes are developed using a combination of metal-embedding architecture into plastic substrate and ultrathin transparent electrodes, which leads to highly transparent (optical transmittance approximate to 93% at a wavelength of 550 nm), highly conducting (sheet resistance approximate to 13 Omega square(-1)), and extremely flexible (bending radius approximate to 200 mu m) electrodes. The electrodes are used to fabricate flexible organic solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes that exhibit performance similar or superior to that of devices fabricated on glass substrates. Moreover, the flexible devices do not show degradation in their performance even after being folded with a radius of approximate to 200 mu m.</P>

Clinical outcomes of adjuvant radiation therapy and prognostic factors in early stage uterine cervical cancer

Hyun Ju Kim,Woo Joong Rhee,Seo Hee Choi,Eun Ji Nam,Sang Wun Kim,Sunghoon Kim,Young Tae Kim,Gwi Eon Kim,Yong Bae Kim 대한방사선종양학회 2015 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.33 No.2

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and to analyze prognostic factors of survival in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) IB-IIA uterine cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 148 patients with FIGO IB-IIA uterine cervical cancer who underwent surgery followed by adjuvant RT at the Yonsei Cancer Center between June 1997 and December 2011. Adjuvant radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvis or an extended field with or without brachytherapy. Among all patients, 57 (38.5%) received adjuvant chemotherapy either concurrently or sequentially. To analyze prognostic factors, we assessed clinicopathologic variables and metabolic parameters measured on preoperative 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). To evaluate the predictive performance of metabolic parameters, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The median follow-up period was 63.2 months (range, 2.7 to 206.8 months). Locoregional recurrence alone occurred in 6 patients, while distant metastasis was present in 16 patients, including 2 patients with simultaneous regional failure. The 5-year and 10-year OSs were 87.0% and 85.4%, respectively. The 5-year and 10-year DFSs were 83.8% and 82.5%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, pathologic type and tumor size were shown to be significant prognostic factors associated with both DFS and OS. In subset analysis of 40 patients who underwent preoperative PET/CT, total lesion glycolysis was shown to be the most significant prognostic factor among the clinicopathologic variables and metabolic parameters for DFS. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that adjuvant RT following hysterectomy effectively improves local control. From the subset analysis of preoperative PET/CT, we can consider that metabolic parameters may hold prognostic significance in early uterine cervical cancer patients. More effective systemic treatments might be needed to reduce distant metastasis in these patients.

Molecular identification and diagnosis of the immature Callipogon relictus (Semenov) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a natural monument of Korea

Jongok Lim,Minyoung Kim,Sunghoon Jung,Il-kwon Kim,Jong-su Lim,Shin-young Park,Gyeong-mi Kim,Cheolhak Kim,Bong-kyu Byun,Bong-woo Lee,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

Larval stages of Callipogon relictus (Semenov) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a gigantic longhorn beetle designated as a natural monument of Korea, has never been studied as it is hardly discovered in nature. The DNA barcoding gene, mt-COI, was used to identify a dead larva found in the Gwangneung forest of the Korea National Arboretum. Based on the result, we provide the morphology of the immature stage, with the illustrations of diagnostic characteristics.