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Photoinactivation of major bacterial pathogens in aquaculture
Roh, Heyong Jin,Kim, Ahran,Kang, Gyoung Sik,Kim, Do-Hyung The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2016 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.19 No.6
Background: Significant increases in the bacterial resistance to various antibiotics have been found in fish farms. Non-antibiotic therapies for infectious diseases in aquaculture are needed. In recent years, light-emitting diode technology has been applied to the inactivation of pathogens, especially those affecting humans. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of blue light (wavelengths 405 and 465 nm) on seven major bacterial pathogens that affect fish and shellfish important in aquaculture. Results: We successfully demonstrate inactivation activity of a 405/465-nm LED on selected bacterial pathogens. Although some bacteria were not fully inactivated by the 465-nm light, the 405-nm light had a bactericidal effect against all seven pathogens, indicating that blue light can be effective without the addition of a photosensitizer. Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda were the most susceptible to the 405-nm light (36.1, 41.2, and $68.4J\;cm^{-2}$, respectively, produced one log reduction in the bacterial populations), whereas Streptococcus parauberis was the least susceptible ($153.8J\;cm^{-2}$ per one log reduction). In general, optical density (OD) values indicated that higher bacterial densities were associated with lower inactivating efficacy, with the exception of P. damselae and Vibrio harveyi. In conclusion, growth of the bacterial fish and shellfish pathogens evaluated in this study was inactivated by exposure to either the 405- or 465-nm light. In addition, inactivation was dependent on exposure time. Conclusions: This study presents that blue LED has potentially alternative therapy for treating fish and shellfish bacterial pathogens. It has great advantages in aspect of eco-friendly treating methods differed from antimicrobial methods.
Roh, Heyong Jin,Kang, Gyoung Sik,Kim, Ahran,Kim, Nam Eun,Nguyen, Thanh Luan,Kim, Do-Hyung Elsevier 2018 Aquaculture Vol.483 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Although the use of blue light (400–500nm) to reduce bacterial pathogens in fish farms has various advantages over chemical microbicides, there has been little research on applications of blue light in aquatic organism disease management. The aims of this study were to verify the bactericidal effects of light conditions (light spectrum and intensity) on <I>Edwardsiella piscicida</I> demonstrate the efficacy of blue light irradiation in reducing edwardsiellosis in fancy carp, and analyze the potential harmful effects of blue light on carp.</P> <P> <I>E. piscicida</I> at a concentration of 10<SUP>5</SUP> CFUml<SUP>−1</SUP> were exposed to 405 or 465nm light for an exposure time estimated to inactivate 99% of the bacteria. In vivo efficacy test of blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) was done using a cohabitation challenge in which infection rate and viable <I>E. piscicida</I> count in the rearing water were monitored. The potential harmful effects of the light conditions were investigated by observing histopathological changes in eye tissue, and gene expression of heat shock protein 70 and corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 in kidney tissue. The percentage of <I>E. piscicida</I> inactivation resulting from various intensities of blue LED wavelengths demonstrated a strong correlation between light intensity and irradiation time. Furthermore, blue LED irradiation decreased the number of <I>E. piscicida</I> in rearing water as well as the proportion of infected fish. Histopathological examination revealed melanin granules (rod outer segment) and photoreceptors were temporarily thickened in retinas, but there were no significant differences between control and light irradiation groups after 28days of exposure. This study demonstrates that blue light irradiation is capable of inactivating <I>E. piscicida</I> and reducing its infection of fancy carp without causing adverse side-effects.</P> <P><B>Significance of this study</B></P> <P>This study provides data on photoinactivation of blue LED light on the fish pathogen <I>Edwardsiella piscicida</I>, and the optimal conditions of light intensity and exposure time for inactivation. We also demonstrate that appropriate blue LED exposure reduced viable <I>E. piscicida</I> in rearing water and infection rates without causing adverse side-effects. The use of high-intensity narrow-spectrum blue LED light, without the addition of a photosensitizer, has great potential as an eco-friendly option for treating bacterial diseases in aquatic animals, and will help to reduce the use of antibiotics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Bactericidal efficiency of blue light is highly correlated with light intensity and wavelength. </LI> <LI> Blue lights irradiation reduced <I>Edwardsiella piscicida</I> counts in rearing water and reduced infection in fancy carp. </LI> <LI> Light conditions used in this study did not induce any adverse effects in fish. </LI> <LI> The use of blue LED has potential to be an eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics to control diseases in aquaculture. </LI> </UL> </P>
Photoinactivation of major bacterial pathogens in aquaculture
( Heyong Jin Roh ),( Ahran Kim ),( Gyoung Sik Kang ),( Do-hyung Kim ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2016 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.19 No.3
Background: Significant increases in the bacterial resistance to various antibiotics have been found in fish farms. Non-antibiotic therapies for infectious diseases in aquaculture are needed. In recent years, light-emitting diode technology has been applied to the inactivation of pathogens, especially those affecting humans. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of blue light (wavelengths 405 and 465 nm) on seven major bacterial pathogens that affect fish and shellfish important in aquaculture. Results: We successfully demonstrate inactivation activity of a 405/465-nm LED on selected bacterial pathogens. Although some bacteria were not fully inactivated by the 465-nm light, the 405-nm light had a bactericidal effect against all seven pathogens, indicating that blue light can be effective without the addition of a photosensitizer. Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda were the most susceptible to the 405-nm light (36.1, 41.2, and 68.4 J cm.2, respectively, produced one log reduction in the bacterial populations), whereas Streptococcus parauberis was the least susceptible (153.8 J cm.2 per one log reduction). In general, optical density (OD) values indicated that higher bacterial densities were associated with lower inactivating efficacy, with the exception of P. damselae and Vibrio harveyi. In conclusion, growth of the bacterial fish and shellfish pathogens evaluated in this study was inactivated by exposure to either the 405- or 465-nm light. In addition, inactivation was dependent on exposure time. Conclusions: This study presents that blue LED has potentially alternative therapy for treating fish and shellfish bacterial pathogens. It has great advantages in aspect of eco-friendly treating methods differed from antimicrobial methods.
노형진 ( Heyong Jin Roh ),임윤진 ( Yun-jin Lim ),김아란 ( Ahran Kim ),김남은 ( Nam Eun Kim ),김영재 ( Youngjae Kim ),박노백 ( Noh Back Park ),황지연 ( Jee-youn Hwang ),권문경 ( Mun-gyeong Kwon ),김도형 ( Do-hyung Kim ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2018 한국수산과학회지 Vol.51 No.4
We examined correlations of the density of fish farms with the distributions of indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci) and a bacterial fish pathogen (Streptococcus parauberis) off the coastline of Jeju Island. Seawater samples were collected at four coastal sites on the Island [Aewol (control), Gujwa, Pyoseon and Daejeong] in June, August and October 2016. The indicator bacteria were generally more frequently isolated from samples taken in August when water temperatures and human activities on nearby beaches were highest. Although fish farms were least common at Daejeong, the numbers of isolated fecal indicator bacteria were highest in the seawater and effluent water collected from this site. Hence, fish farms were not likely major contributors of indicator bacteria at Daejeong. We found discrepancies between the isolated bacterial counts and the predicted bacterial copy numbers deduced from our qPCR results, indicating that this pathogen may exist in a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state in seawater. Thus, livestock wastewater and chemical fertilizer loading off Jeju Island may negatively impact seawater quality more than the effluent released from fish farms does.