重金屬이 Chlorella 세포의 生長및 呼吸能에 미치는 影響

朴載錫,金鍾均,李永祿,崔鎬亨 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1980 과학교육연구 Vol.12 No.1

Chlarella ellipsoidea를 Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn과 같은 중금속 처리배지에서 배양하고 배양중 일정량의 세포를 收穫하여 생장률 및 엽록소 함량을 측정하고 여러농도에서 呼吸能을 측정 비교하였다. 1) 중금속 처리구에서의 세포의 生長, 엽록소함량 호흡能은 정상세포에 비해 정도의 차이는 있으나 모두 감소하였다. 2) 생장장해는 엽록소형성能과 비슷한 저하현상을 보였으며 ??서는 Hg가 가장 심한 장해 를 나타내었고 다음으로 Cu Zn Pb의 順이었다. 그러나 ?? Zn처리구에서는 ?? Hg나 Cu및 ?? Pb처리구보다 심하였다. 3) ??에서의 Hg및 Cu처리구에서는 각각 접종후 3시간 및 41시간후에 황백화현상과 더불어 사멸하였다. 4) 呼吸能은 대체로 ??이상의 농도에서 억제되는 경향을 나타내었다. Chlorella ellipsoidea cells were cultured in a Mercury, Lead, Copper or Zinctreated medium. Some portions of the cells were taken out at intervals during the culture, and the growth rate, the chlorophyll content and the respiratory activity of the cells were meaured. 1. Growth rate, chlorophyll content and respiratory activity of the heavy metaltreated cells decreased more or less, compared with these of the normal cells. 2. The growth retardation showed the similar tendency to the lowering of biosynthesis of chlorophyll, which in ?? medium came out to gradually severe in follow order, Lead, Znic, Copper, and Mercury. But the growth of the cells in ?? Zinc-treated medium was retarded more severely than in ?? Mercury or Copper and ?? Lead-treated medium. 3. The cells in the medium containing 1?? Mercury died out with chlorosis 3 hours later after inoculation, and those in ?? Copper-treated medium, 41hours later. 4. Generally the respiratory activity showed a tendency to de controlled in ?? and over.

Chlorella 의 생리적 , 생화학적 제활성에 미치는 γ - 선의 영향

이영녹 (Yung Nok Lee) 한국식물학회 1964 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.7 No.3

LEE, Yung Nok (Dept. of Biology, Korea University) Effects of Cobalts-60 γ-ray irradiation on the physiological and biochemical activities of Chlirella. Kor. J. Bot., Ⅶ(3):9-14, 1964 The sensitivities of Chlorella ellipsoidea to r-ray from Cobalt-60 were determined by measuring the photosynthetic and respiratory activities and the changes in phosphate contents in various fractions of the irradiated cells, which were further grown in a standard medium after irradiation, were compared to those of non-irradoated normal cells. The photosynthetic and respiratory activities of the cells were almost inversely propotional to the dose of γ·ray irradiated and the photosynthetic activity was more sensitive than the respiratory activity of the cells. The most sensitive to γ-ray was growth activity, followed by photosynthesis, exogenous and endogenous respirations of the cells in decreasing order. Chlorella cells were so resistant to γ-ray compared with other organisms that about 280,OO0 r dose of γ-ray irradiation was necessary to reduce as much as half the subsequent photosynthetic activity. When the irradiated algae were further cultured in a standard medium, the phosphate contents in the fraction of DNA, RNA and phosphoprotein decreased considerably compared with those of non-irradiated normal cells, while the phosphate contents in the fraction of polyphosphates increased than those of control. Therefore, it was deduced that γ-ray inhibited the synthesis of DNA from polyphosphates, that the synthetic activitied of RNA and protein were decreased owing to either these indirect effect on DNA synthesis or the direct effect of γ-ray itself, and that the growth of Chlorella cells were consequently retarded.

Neurospora 의 생육시기에 따른 호흡능의 변화와 자외선 감수성과의 상관관계

이영녹 (Yung Nok Lee) 한국식물학회 1963 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.6 No.4

LEE, Yung Nok (Dept. of Biology, Korea University) Changes in respiratory activity and the sensitivity to ultraviole light of Neurospora cells at different growing stages. Kor. Jour. Bot. Ⅵ (4) : 1-4. 1963. Using conidia of Neurospora, changes in respiratory activities and the sensitivity to the ultraviolet light of the cells at different growing stages were measured by manometric methods, and the correlation between them was observed. Efficiency in the utilization of various carbon sources, such as, glucose, sucrose, maltose, starch and sodium acetate, in growth and exogenous respiration of N. crassa was also determined. Growth rate of N. crassa was decreased considerably in the medium containing sodium acetate than in the glucose medium and was almost zero in the lactose medium, whereas the utilization of sucrose. maltose and starch was very high, as that of glucose. Respiratory activities of the cells veried considerably depending upon their different growing stages. Actively growing hyphae exhibited the greatest activity in exogenous glucose respiration, followed by germinating and activated conidia in decreasing order. There was no proportional relationship between the dose of ultraviolet light irradiated and its effect on the respiratory activity of the cells, though the more the dose of ultraviolet light, the more the injuri. The sensitivity of the cells to ultraviolet light varied with the different respiratory activities of the cells linked to the deve1opmental stages. In general, the more actively glowing cells having high respiratory activities exhibited the more serious injury.

Cellulase Activities of Aspergilli distributed in South Korea Acivelase, CMCase and Salicinase Activities of the Strains Surveyed in Taxonomical Viewpoint

Lee, Yung-Nok,Park, Yong keun The Microbiological Society of Korea 1977 미생물학회지 Vol.15 No.3

The 685 strains of Korean Sspergilli are isolated, cultured purely, and their Avicelase, CMCase and Salicinase activities are measured, in order to select the best strains exhibiting predominant cellulase activities, and to survey their cellulase activities in taxonomical and ecological viewpoints. Strains No.175, 255 and 254 are selected as the best Avicelase producing strains, strains No.131, 151 and 116 are selected as the best CMCase producing strains, and strains nO.456, 457 and 253 are selected as the best Salicinase producing strains. A niger group and A, clavatus group exhibited the highest activities of Avcelase and Salicinase, respectively. A.iniger group and A, clavatus groups are showed the highest activites of CMCase. Among the different species tested, the activities of Avicelase, CMCase andSalicinase are highest in A.phoenicis, A.clavatus, and A. japonicus and A.giganteus, respectively. Cellulase activities of Aspergilli from the inland regions of Korea are higher, more or less, than those of the strains from the other regions. Avicelase and CMCase activities of Aspergilli isolated from bread and Korean cake are relatively higher, and Salicinase activities of the strains isolated from the cereals are higher than those of the strains from the other habitat substrate.

Chlorella Mitochondria의 Oxidative Phosphorylation에 대한 Ascorbic Acid 및 IAA의 작용성에 관하여

이영록,진평,Lee, Yung-Nok,Chin, Pyung 한국미생물학회 1964 미생물학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Lee, Yung Nok and Chin, Pyung (Dept. of Biology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea) : Action of ascorbic acid indoleacetic acid on the oxidation of succinate and coupled phosphorylation in Chlorella mitochondria. Kor. Jour. Microbiol., Vol.2, No.1, p12-16 (1964) Mitochondria were isolated from Chlorella ellipsoidea and the action of ascorbic acid and indoleacetic acid on the succinate oxidation and coupled phosphorylation in mitochondria suspension were examined. Oxidation of succinate used as substrate, and phosphorylation coupled to oxidation were strikingly enhanced by the addition of ascorbic acid, while in case of indoleacetic acid it were a little. In a view of phosphorylative efficiency, P/O ratio resulting from the addition of ascorbic acid was decreased and it may be considered as the result of a partial oxidation of ascorbate in mitochondria.

Chlorella 세포의 핵산 인단백질의 생합성에 미치는 마그네슘의 결핍 (缺乏)효과

이영녹(Yung Nok Lee),이종삼(Chong Sam Lee) 한국식물학회 1968 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.11 No.1

Chlorella ellipsoidea were grown in a Mg-free medium. Aliquots of the algal cell were taken out at the beginning and predetermined time intervals during the culture and were analyzed the contents of phosphate in various fractions of the cell constituents. The results obtained were compared with those of the control. When Chlorella cells were grown in a Mg-free medium, the contents of phosphate in the DNA protein, RNA-polyphosphate complex, nucleotidic-labileP, and PCA-soluble, fractions decreased compared with those of the control, while the content of acid insoluble polyphosphate increased signiscantly. On the otherhand, RNA-P and lipid-P showed the tendency of decrease at the early stage of the culture, but they were increased more than those in the control as culutre proceeds. It is showed that phosphate turnover from acid-insoluble polyphosphate into DNA, protein, and RNA-polyphosphate compiex was inhibited by magnesium-deficiency of the cells.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Catechol 2, 3-Dioxygenase Gene from Aniline-Degrading Psseudomonas acidovorans

Lee, Ji-Hyun,Bang, Sung-Ho,Park, Youn-Keun,Lee, Yung-Nok The Microbiological Society of Korea 1992 미생물학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase (C230) catalyses the oxidative ring cleavage of catechol to 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde. This is one of the key reactions in the metabolism of the widespresd pollutant aniline. We have cloned a gene encoding C230 from cells of the aniline degrading bacteria, Pseudomonas acidovorance KCTC2494 strain and expressed in E. coli, A 11.3-kilobase Sau3A partial digested DNA fragment from KCTC2494 was cloned into phagemid vector pBluescript and designated as pLP201. The C230 gene was mapped to a 2.8-kb region, and the derection of transcription was determined. The cloned C230 gene contains its own promoter which can be recognized and employed by E. coli transcriptional apparatus. C230 activities of subclones were identified by enzyme assay and activity staining. The T7 RNA promoter/polymerase system and maxicell analysis showed that a polypeptide with Mw of 35 kDa is the C230 gene product.

燐酸缺乏培地에 있어서의 Chlorella 細胞內의 燐酸化合物의 轉換

李永祿,沈雄燮 한국식물학회 1966 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.9 No.1-2

Using the Chlorella cells which had been uniformly labeled with ^(32)P, the distribution of phosphorus in various fractions of cell material was investigated. Uniformly ^(32)P-labeled Chlorella cells were futher grown in a P-free medium, and some portions of the cells were taken out at intervals during the culture, and subjected to analyze the contents of ^(32)P in various fractions of the cell consituents. 2. Analysis of the ^(32)P-labeled Chlorella cells showed that the highest in P-content was the fraction of RNA followed by those of lipid, RNA-polyphosphate complex, acid-insoluble polypho-sphate, acid-soluble polyphosphate, DNA ana protein. 3. During the culture of ^(32)P-labeled Chlorella cells in a P-free medium, amounts of phosphate in DNA, protein and lipid fractions increased, while the P-contents in the fraction of RNA-polyphosphate cemplex decreased as well as those of acid-insoluble polyphosphate and acid-soluble polyphospate fractions. 4. It was inferred that phosphorus used in the syntheses of DNA aud protein was taken from polyphosphates of the cells, and RNA-polyphosphate complex would play an important role as a phosphate pool.

Intergeneric Protoplast Fusion between Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus oryzae

Lee, Soo-Youn,Jung, Sung-Won,Kim, Seong-Han,Lee, Yung-Nok The Microbiological Society of Korea 1993 미생물학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Conditions for the release and regeneration of protoplasts form Rhizopus oryzae and intergeneric protoplast fusion between Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus oryzae were studied. High yields of protoplast fusion between Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus oxyzae were studied. High yield of protoplasts from young germilings of R. oryzae were obtained by using lytic enzymes containing chitosanase (3 mg/ml), chitinase (3 mg/ml) and Novozym 234 (5 mg/ml). 0.5M glucose was used as the osmotic stabilizer and optimum pH of buffer was determined to be pH 7.5-8.0. Under these conditions, protoplasts were formed after about 3-4 hrs incubation. Approximately, 1.0%-4.9% of these protoplasts were formed after about 3-4 hrs incubation. Approximately, 1.0%-4.9% of these protoplasts regenerated on solid medium with a soft agar overlay. We have also carried out protoplasts fusion between R. oryzae and A. oryzae and have succeeded in obtaining three types of intergeneric fusants. In these experiments, 35% PEG-4000 and 10 mM CaCl$_{2}$ were used as fsogenic agents, and auxotrophic properties were used as a genetic marker to select fusants. Complementation frequency be protoplasts fusion of A. oxyzae and R. oryzae was 4.4% * 10$^{-5}$ . The fusant strains of the first type were prototrophs showing an Aspergillus type morphology with dark-yellow sporulation, those of the second type were also Apergillus type morphology but showed no sporulation. And the strains of the third type stopped growing when fusion products grown on regeneration minimal medium were transferred to fresh minimal medium. The formation of fusion products was observed by fluorescent vital stains for complementary labelling of protoplats from R. oryzae and A. oryzae. Rhodamine 6G and fluorescein diacetate wer useful complementary vital stains of Rhizopus and Aspergillus protoplasts for visualization of requency and type (dicell, multicell) of fusion.

Detection of reductones in fruit body of Pleurotus ostreatus

Seung Nok Lee,Sa Ouk Kang,Yung Chil Hah 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 1992 한국미생물생명공학회 학술발표초록집 Vol.1992 No.1