燐酸缺乏培地에 있어서의 Chlorella 細胞內의 燐酸化合物의 轉換

李永祿,沈雄燮 한국식물학회 1966 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.9 No.1-2

Using the Chlorella cells which had been uniformly labeled with ^(32)P, the distribution of phosphorus in various fractions of cell material was investigated. Uniformly ^(32)P-labeled Chlorella cells were futher grown in a P-free medium, and some portions of the cells were taken out at intervals during the culture, and subjected to analyze the contents of ^(32)P in various fractions of the cell consituents. 2. Analysis of the ^(32)P-labeled Chlorella cells showed that the highest in P-content was the fraction of RNA followed by those of lipid, RNA-polyphosphate complex, acid-insoluble polypho-sphate, acid-soluble polyphosphate, DNA ana protein. 3. During the culture of ^(32)P-labeled Chlorella cells in a P-free medium, amounts of phosphate in DNA, protein and lipid fractions increased, while the P-contents in the fraction of RNA-polyphosphate cemplex decreased as well as those of acid-insoluble polyphosphate and acid-soluble polyphospate fractions. 4. It was inferred that phosphorus used in the syntheses of DNA aud protein was taken from polyphosphates of the cells, and RNA-polyphosphate complex would play an important role as a phosphate pool.

클로렐라의 엽록체 발생과정에 있어서의 핵산 및 단백질의 생합성에 관한 연구

이영녹,이종삼 한국미생물학회 1970 미생물학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Nucleic acid and protein biosynthese of the glucose-bleached Chlorella cells in relation to the process of the chloroplast reformation were traced, by measuring the changes in the amounts of cell constituents and nuclease activities of the cells during the greening process. The contents of RNA and protein of the glucose-bleached cells decreased significantly, shile the contents of nucleotides and amino acids of the cells increased to compared with those of the control, showing that the biosynthetic activities of RNA and protein of the cells were inhibited severely in the glucose-bleaching process. In the early greening process of the glucose-bleached Chlorella cells the contents of RNA and protein of the cells increased significantly, while the contents of nucleotides nad amino acids of the cells increased to compared with those of the control, showing that the biosynthetic activities of RNA and protein of the cells were inhibited severely in the glucose-bleaching process. In the early greening process of the glucose-bleached Chlorella cells the contents of RNA and protein of the cells increased significantly wihout any increase in the chlorophyll contents showing that the massive biosynthese of RNA and protein proceed prior to the chlorophyll bioynthesis in the cells. The phosphate contents in the DNA fraction of the glucose-bleached cells decreased, but the contents of acid-insoluble polyphosphate increased to compared with those of the control in the early greening porcess, exhibiting that the incorporation of the phosphorus from acid-insoluble polyphosphate into DNA was retarded. In the greening process of the glucose-bleached cells the ribonuclease nad deoxyribonuclease activities of the cells decreased to compared with those of the control, although the initial activities of the both enzymes in the cell were far great compared with the control. Although the initial phosphate contents in the lipid fraction of the glucose-bleached Chlorella cells were more great than the control, the phosphate contents in the lipid fraction of the cells decreased in the early greening process to compared with control, and then increased in the late developmental stages in which massive chlorophyll biosynthesis occured.

클로렐라의 동조배양법에 의한 세포분열의 생리학적 연구 2

이영녹,심웅섭 한국미생물학회 1969 미생물학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The effect of glucose and 2-thiobarbituric acid on the biosynthesis of cell constituents such as protein, carbohydrate, DNA, RNA, phospholipid and PCA-soluble phosphate compounds in Chlorella duing the life cycle was measured, and the changes in the content of these main cellular components of the algal cell were analyzed in connection with the nuclear and cytoplasmic divison. In the normal autotrophic synchronous culture the contents of protein, RNA, and DNA in the cell showed a chracteristic changes according to the progress of cell development, increasing more or less throughout all the life cycle. The synthesis of protein is more prominent in the division period nad that of DNA is more active in the ripening period, while the synthesis of RNA is more rapid in the growing and ripening periods than other developmental stages. The period of division cycle was little affected by glucose in the medium, although the synchrony of the growth and cellular division was disturbed and the n value increased. The cotents of protein, carbohydrate, RNA nad DNA of the cell were increased by the glucose treatment throughout all the life cycle. On the other hand, both of cellular growth and division were retarded severely and the n value was decreased by the 2-thiobarbituric acid treatment throughout all the life cycle. On the other hand, both of cellular growth and division were retarded severely and the n value was decreased by the 2-thiobarbituric acid treatment. The synthesis of protein, carbohydrate, DNA, RNA and phospholipid of the cell was also retarded by 2-thiobarbituric acid. In the autotrophic, mixotrophic and 2-thiobarbituric acid-treated cultures, each having different mode cytoplasmic division, a common general schema occurring in the cell during the life cycle may be drawn as follows. The ratio of RNA to protein attains maximum value in the $L_1$-cell stage prior to the nuclear division and thereafter decreases during the periods of ripening and division. The ratio of PCA-soluble phosphate compounds to protein increased from the begining of the culture to $L_4$-cell stage successively and thereafter decreased gradually during the division period, while the ratio of protein to DNA kept almost constant up to the division period and thereafter increased during the division period. Therefore, it is presumed that the increase in the ratio of RNA to protein is to be an inducer of nuclear division and that the cytoplasmic division is induced by the increase in the ratio of protein to DNA.

엽록체와 광합성 (2)

이영녹 韓國生物敎育學會 1969 생물교육 Vol.3 No.-

분자진화와 (分子進化) 형질발현 (形質發現) - 형질발현 (形質發現) 단계설을 (段階設) 제창한다 (提唱) -

이영녹 한국생물교육학회 1989 생물교육 Vol.17 No.2

한국산 Rhizopus의 효소활성에 관한 연구 (第 1 報) - Amylase, protease 및 cellulase 활성에 관하여-

이영녹,윤경하,이평우,배광승,박용근,정성균,서항원 한국미생물학회 1976 미생물학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Enzyme activities, such as glucoamylase dextrinogenic amylase, cellulase, acid protase and neutral protease, of Rhizopus isolated from various substrates collected throughout South Korea are measured, and their enzyme activities are surveyed from taxonomical, ecological and physiological viewpoint. Effect of carbon sources and phytohormones on the amylalse production of Rhizopus are also measured. Among the 735 strains of Phizopus isolated, strain number 587 exhibiting most prominent dextrinogenic amylase and netral protease activity is selected as the best strain, and the strain number 673, 108, 329, 165 and 728 are seleted for their predominant cellulase, acid protease, glucoamylase, dextrinogenic amylase and neutral protease activities, respectively. R.acidus and R.nigricans which exhibited relatively higher callulalse activity, showed lower activities for both amylase. R.tritici exhibited higher protease activity. The relations between activities and various substrates of wild strains are not outstnading difference, although the strains isolated from inland region exhibited more or less higher amylase and cellulase activities, than those of coast region, generally. Lactose and dextrin are most effective carbon sources for glucoamylase and dextrinogenic amylase production of the Rhizopus niveus, respectively. Although all phytohormones tested are effective for production of amylase by the Rhizopus strains, except nicotinamide for glucoamylase production, biotin and ascorbate are most effective for dextrinogenic amylase and glucoamylase production, respectively.

Aspergillus phoenicis 및 candida utilis의 혼합배양에 의한 섬유소로부터의 단백질 생산

이영녹,박경량,이주실,배광성,백대홍 한국미생물학회 1981 미생물학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Protein content of cellulosic wastes, such as spent grain, hop bark, spent rye, rice straw, rice hull, saw dust and used newspaper, was increased by a mixed culture of C. utilis wastes having 66-75% moisture. Among the fungal strains tested. A.phoenicis KU175 was the most powerful to increase the protein content of A. phoenicis during the mixed culture with C. utilis in the CMC medium reached at the peak for one day culture after inoculation of the both strains at the same time, while it reached at peark from the beginning of the mixed culture, when A. phoenicis was inocultated for 12-24hours prior to the inoculation of C.utilis. To increase the protein content of the cellulosic wastes by the mixed culture of C.utilis and A.phoenicis, the inoculation of both strains at the same time was more effective than the preinoculation of A. phoenicis for 6-24 hours. Content of crude cellulose in the used newspaper, saw dust and spent grain was high relatively, and the lignin content of spent grain, spent rye, and rice strew was reduced more than half by the treatment of 2% NaOH. However, effect of alkali treatment of increase the protein content of the cellulosic wastes was not prominent in the case of mixed culture. Protein content of the cellulosic wastes was increased prominently by the mixed culture of C.utilis and A.phoenicis in semi-solid substrate, compared with the single culture of C. utilis, although the latter increased the protein content of cellulosic wastes considerably. The effect of mixed culture of C. utilis and A. phoenicis increased 4-fold the protein content of spent grain, and more than doubled crude protein in hop bark and rice straw.

Aspergillus flavus의 강력 protease생성 돌연변이의 유발

이영녹,박용근,고상균 한국미생물학회 1980 미생물학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Mutational experiments were performed to improved to improve the protease productivity of Aspergillus flavus KU 153, which is selected among the wild strains. A UV-induced mutant strain having high protease productivity was obtained by the use of the clear zone method as a simple criterion for a primary screening test. Neutral and alkaline protease activities of hte mutant strain were higher than 1.8 times, comopared with those of the parental strain, respectively, while in the case of acid protease, it was 2.7 times. The mutant strain selected was more powerful in the production of cellulase and amylase, as well s protease in wheat bran, compared with those of the parental strain. protease production of the parental strain has reached maximum level at 3 days culture, while alkaline nad neutral protease production of the mutantstrain has reached at 2 days culture. On the other hand, the mutant strain formed the spore slowly, compared with the parental strain. Column chromatography of the neutral protease on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 showed that the mutant strain was not induced the formation of another neutral protease isozyme, but induced the variation in the function of regulatory gene.

미토콘드리아막의 용질투과성에 미치는 양이온의 영향

이영녹,이종삼 한국미생물학회 1971 미생물학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Mitochondria were isolated from Chlorella cells effects of cation on solute permeability of mitochondrial membrane were investigated using P$^{32}$ as a tracer. It was strikingly increased uptake of phosphate for NaCl, KCl, while evidently decreased phosphate uptake of mitochondrial membrane for $MgCl_2$, $CaCl_2$. This consider that uptake of monovalent cation were increased, but uptake of divalentcation were decreased for permeability of mitochondrial membrane as if the permeability of protoplasmic membrane.

소백산 일대의 탄자균류

이영녹,조덕현 한국미생물학회 1976 미생물학회지 Vol.14 No.2

About 300 specimens belong to the Basidiomycetes are collected from Solbaek and Andong areas. 44 genera and 50 species including lepista subnuda, Pholiota squarrosoides and Craterellus aureus, which are unrecorded in Korea, are identified according to the Imazaki-Hongo's classification key.