Time to Chemotherapy for Patients With Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 and 6 Inhibitor Use

Yuka Endo,Akiyo Yoshimura,Masataka Sawaki,Masaya Hattori,Haruru Kotani,Ayumi Kataoka,Nanae Horisawa,Yuri Ozaki,Kazuki Nozawa,Daiki Takatsuka,Ayaka Isogai,Hiroji Iwata 한국유방암학회 2022 Journal of breast cancer Vol.25 No.4

Purpose: Safely postponing the use of chemotherapy is important for quality of life maintenance in patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. In previous studies, a combination of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and fulvestrant prolonged the time to chemotherapy (TTC). In this study, we used real-world data to evaluate TTC in the context of CDK4/6i therapy. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of women with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer treated at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital. The patients were categorized into having received CDK4/6i therapy first (n = 41), second (n = 33), and none at all (n = 67). The change in TTC among the groups was examined. Results: The median follow-up time was 13.8, 27.5, and 30.3 months in the CDK4/6i (first), CDK4/6i (second), and non-CDK4/6i groups, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) with first-line therapy for metastasis was 30.0, 11.9, and 13.0 months, respectively (CDK4/6i [first] vs. non-CDK4/6i; p = 0.018, CDK4/6i [second] vs. non-CDK4/6i; p = 0.383). The median TTC was not reached in the CDK4/6i (first) group, was 39.1 months in the CDK4/6i (second) group, and was 44.2 months in the non-CDK4/6i group (CDK4/6i [first] vs. non-CDK4/6i; p = 0.880; CDK4/6i [second] vs. non-CDK4/6i; p = 0.407). The non-CDK4/6i group with TTC ≥ 60 months included more cases of secondary endocrine therapy resistance (p = 0.017), no perioperative chemotherapy (p = 0.021), and a longer disease-free interval (p = 0.093). Conclusion: Although PFS was significantly longer in the CDK4/6i (first) group than in the non-CDK4/6i group, TTC did not significantly differ among the three groups in real-world data. The non-CDK4/6i group showed a long TTC in patients with late recurrence and low risk at the primary lesion site, who benefited greatly from hormone monotherapy.

Anticancer and immunological enhancement effects in Fuscoporia oblique

Yeunhwa Gu,Yuka Itokawa,Takashi Masubuchi,Nobuyuki Endo,Masami Oshima,Takashi Nsakamura,Toshihiro Maenaka,Torao Ishita,Kaori Tano,Yuri Kurono,Hiroyuki Sekimoto,Tetsuo Takeuchi,Kyoo Seok Ahn 한의병리학회 2006 대한동의병리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.9

Monitoring of Hydrogen Sulfide from an Industrial Waste Landfill in Japan

( Noppharit Sutthasil ),( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Yuka Ogata ),( Kazuto Endo ),( Masato Yamada ),( Masanao Nagamori ),( Osamu Oishi ),( Yoshinori Yabuki ),( Tanaka Hirokazu ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2018 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2018 No.1

Landfill management in Japan was developed more than Centuries. At industrial rapid growth era, numbers of waste were disposed with less control, such as co-disposal of Construction and Demolition waste (C&D waste) and organic Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW). Generally, Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is detectable in ppm by human as odor, but more seriously it causes toxic effect in hundreds ppm. H₂S is often generated in landfill containing sulfate source (such as gypsum board) and organic waste thorough the activity of the Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB). This study was carried out to investigate the emission behavior and environmental parameters related to H₂S generation in a landfill under aftercare phase, which has been disposed of C&D waste, and to develop the methodology to assess the environmental situation in landfills to be monitored. This survey was also involved in the project that aim to develop the methodology of appropriate management of the landfills. The objected landfill was located nearby the river and was operated by private sector. After the “standard of landfill disposal” regulation was enforced in Japan, this landfill was closed and started to monitoring. Figure 1 shows schematic of geological section of landfill, the area of dumping was mountainous, North and Eastern side of landfill was mounted to the hill called ‘Upper Zone’. South and Western side called ‘Lower Zone’. The slope of landfill surface was from upper to lower part. The approximate landfill surface is 4000 m². Landfill investigation was conducted on October 2017. The location for measurement of surface gas emission by static chamber method was selected by grid placing. Soil gas concentration was measured by a gas analyzer and gas detecting tube. Water quality from landfill layer in monitoring well was analyzed in laboratory. The results show H₂S gas was detected 5 out of 29 grid points from 0.7 m beneath cover soil in range 0.2-800 ppm. These H₂S gas concentrations were related to surface H₂S emissions which emitted in range 0.3-37.7 l/m²/d. The detected H₂S emitted points were located at the lower zone of this landfill. In the same area, CH₄ emission were found in 10 out of 29 points in range 0.1-62.7 l/m²/d. H₂S emission and CH₄ emission were negatively correlated. In contrast to the lower zone, CH₄ emission was detected at few points and no H₂S gas was found at the upper zone. It is widely known that SRB and Methane Generating Bacteria inhabited or competitive of carbon source under anaerobic condition. Landfill gas results indicated that anaerobic degradation was comparably active in lower zone due to the existing of organic matter inside waste body. To compare biogas generation from lower and upper zone, CH₄ and CO₂ emissions from lower zone was about 10.1 and 3.2 times higher than that from upper zone, respectively. The higher degradation rate explain by the different amount of organic matter from upper to lower zone. Quality of inner water of landfill layer in the monitoring wells which located in lower zone were analyzed. The SO₄ concentration were in range 110-710 mg/l. Low concentration of dissolved oxygen (0.68 mg/l) and remaining of organic carbon (33.7 mg/l) were confirmed in inner water of landfill. These would possibly provide condition of H₂S generation. From the result, landfill gas emission still active even the landfill already close for several years. It could suggest that the intensive and log-term monitoring program for this landfill must be necessary. It was also shown that the integration of monitoring of behavior of gas emission and dissolved component must be necessary to identify the practical situation of landfills, and to apply for future investigation in terms of improving the accuracy and simplification of methodology.

Evaluation of the Role of Axillary Lymph Node Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in Early Breast Cancer With or Without Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Daiki Takatsuka,Akiyo Yoshimura,Masataka Sawaki,Masaya Hattori,Haruru Kotani,Ayumi Kataoka,Nanae Horisawa,Yuri Ozaki,Yuka Endo,Kazuki Nozawa,Hiroji Iwata 한국유방암학회 2023 Journal of breast cancer Vol.26 No.2

Purpose: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of axillary lymph nodes (AxLNs) is performed to diagnose nodal metastasis in patients with breast cancer. Although the sensitivity of ultrasound-guided FNAC for identifying AxLN metastasis is in the range of 36%–99%, whether sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) should be performed for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) patients with negative FNAC results is uncertain. This study aimed to determine the role of FNAC before NAC in the evaluation and management of AxLN in early breast cancer patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 3,810 clinically node-negative (a lymph node with no clinical metastasis without FNAC or radiological suspicion of metastasis with negative FNAC results) patients with breast cancer who underwent SLNB between 2008 and 2019. We compared the positivity rate of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) between patients who received and those who did not receive NAC with negative FNAC results or without FNAC and axillary recurrence rate in the neoadjuvant group with negative SLNB results. Results: In the non-neoadjuvant (primary surgery) group, the positivity rate of SLNs in patients with negative FNAC results was higher than that in patients without FNAC (33.2% vs. 12.9%; p < 0.001). However, the SLN positivity rate of patients with negative FNAC results (false-negative rate for FNAC) in the neoadjuvant group was lower than that in the primary surgery group (3.0% vs. 33.2%; p < 0.001). After a median follow-up of 3 years, one axillary nodal recurrence was observed, which was a case from the neoadjuvant non-FNAC group. None of the patients in the neoadjuvant group with negative FNAC results had axillary recurrence. Conclusion: The false-negative rate for FNAC in the primary surgery group was high; however, SLNB was the proper axillary staging procedure for NAC patients who have clinically suspicious AxLN metastases on radiologic examination but negative FNAC results.