서울·경기 일부지역 대학생의 Take-out Food 이용실태

유성은,한영실,주나미 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.5

This study was designed to identify the teke-out food usage of university students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Questionnaires were used to analyze these habits among 500 respondents. 1. The Frequency of Take-Out Food use: the greatest proportion of students useds take-out foods once or twice a week (33.8%). 2. The reasons for Take-Out Food use: fastness was the major reason (47.8%). 3. The day of the week for Take-Out Food use: the majority of the students used Take-Out foods regardless of the day (54.4%). 4. The time of day for Take-Out Food use: 6~8 p.m. for 31.6%. 5. The cost spent in each meal: 51.6% spent 3,000 to under 5,000 won. 6. The menus of Take-Out Food used: coffee was the most popular of all the take-out foods (43.6%). 7. Points considered when buying Take-Out Food: the majority of the college students thought tastes and quality of the foods were the most important considerations (51.0%). 8. The source of information about Take-Out Food: 43.4% of the students obtained information from their friends.

통계적 실험계획에 의한 PECVD로 증착된 실리콘 산화막의 특성 분석

李晟準,金洸範,崔鑛泉,漢秀一,尹知原,金劉邏,朴宰賢,洪尙眞 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.25 No.-

According as the current needs of low temperature in semiconductor manufacturing process, PECVD using low temperature and high deposition rate is becoming more of a concern. However, PECVD equipment has the defect possibility on the interface between substrates and gate oxide layer, because ions or electrons with much high energy clash the interface. In this study, we embarked on the experiment with Statistical Design of Experiment and then also analyze which parameters influence on the characteristic of silicon dioxide filems. We finally made a constructive proposal for process optimization conditions.

中學 科學敎育의 探究學習에 대한 評價問項 開發 (Ⅱ)

閔庚德,楊洪準,李善行,鄭遠佑,이병교,金裕漢,羅長薰 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1985 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

This study was accomplished to develope the evaluation items for inquiry learning in the 2nd grade Middle School Science for the consecutive study of the evaluation items for inquiry learning in the 1st grade Middle School Science(U-Hang Ki et al, 1984). In this study, paper and pencil test items and performance test items are made by analyzing the abilities of inquiry according to the contents and four basic experiments from each unit in the 2nd grade Middle school science. These evaluation items were applied to tke five classes of the 2nd grade of middle school to test their validity. It is desirable that performance test schuld be used for the evaluation for the abilities of inquiry which can not be evaluated by paper and pencil test. In the evaluation methods of performance test, tester evaluation, peer evaluation and self-evaluation can be applied to the science class in a multi-student class. In higher grade, however tester evaluation is more desirable than peer and self evaluation. It is found that peer evaluation and self-evaluation make possible the perfect study by feedback.

Processing Optimization and Physicochemical Characteristics of Collagen from Scales of Yellowfin Tuna(Thunnus albacares)

( Yu Na Han ),( Ju Ryun Ahn ),( Jin Wook Woo ),( Cheol Kyun Jung ),( Sueng Mock Cho ),( Yang Bong Lee ),( Seon Bong Kim ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2010 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.13 No.2

Bioconversion of Formaldehyde into Ethylene Glycol Using a Productive Whole Cell Biocatalytic Cascade

Han-Na YU,Hye-Jin JO,Ye-Na KIM,Hui-Jin CHEON,Jun-Hong KIM,Jeong-Sun KIM,Jin-Byung PARK 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Ethylene glycol (EG) is a bulk chemical that is mainly used as an anti-freezing agent and a raw material in the synthesis of plastics. Production of commercial EG mostly relies on chemical synthesis using fossil resources. Biochemical production of EG from renewable resources may be more sustainable. Herein, we have examined a strategy for the biosynthesis of EG from formaldehyde. First, we selected glyoxylate carboligase from Escherichia coli K-12 (EcGCL) as glycolaldehyde synthase. EcGCL catalyzes the condensation of two molecules formaldehyde into glycolaldehyde with high thermostability. The variants were constructed to enhance the catalytic efficiency by engineering active site and substrate entrance site based on crystal structures and substrate docking simulation. The best variants (i.g., EcGCL_R484M/N283Q/L478M) exhibited catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of 5.2 M<SUP>−1</SUP>·s<SUP>−1</SUP>. This value is ca. three-fold greater than that of the EcGCL wild type. Second, we have chosen (S)-1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase (FucO) from E. coli for the production of EG from glycolaldehyde. The catalytic efficiency of FucO for formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde as substrate showed that 0.05 and 10 mM<SUP>-1</SUP>·s<SUP>-1</SUP> respectively. Using the recombinant E. coli co-expressing EcGCL and FucO, EG was produced to a concentration of 0.41 g/L (6.6 mM) from 20 mM formaldehyde. The conversion reached ca. 66%. The presented studies provide the basis for a new strategy for the production of high value C2 chemicals from C1 chemicals

Nitric Oxide Produced by the Antioxidant Activity of Verapamil Improves the Acute Wound Healing Process

Han Yu Na,Lee Yoon Jae,Kim Ki Joo,Lee Su Jin,Choi Jang Youn,문석호,이종원 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2021 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.18 No.1

Background: Verapamil is used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, hypertrophic scars, and keloids to block transmembrane calcium ion flux. Verapamil has antioxidant activity, which enhances the production of nitric oxide (NO). NO promotes the proliferation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells during wound healing. In this study, we investigated the effect of verapamil and its antioxidant properties on the enhancement of acute wound healing via NO. Methods: A full-thickness wound healing model was created on the rat dorsal with a silicone ring. The wound closure rate was estimated every 2 days for 14 days. A histological study was performed to evaluate wound healing. Immunofluorescence staining was analyzed for angiogenesis. The expressions of collagen type I (COL I), collagen type III (COL III), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed by Western blot. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the expression of endothelial NO synthase and inducible NO synthase, which are related to antioxidant activity in the process of wound healing. Results: The wound closure rate was faster in the verapamil group compared to the control and silicone groups. Histologic analysis revealed capillaries and stratum basale in the verapamil group. Immunofluorescence staining was shown vessel formation in the verapamil group. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis revealed high expression levels of COL I, VEGF, eNOS, and FGF in the verapamil. Conclusion: Verapamil’s antioxidant activity enhances NO production in acute wound healing. We suggest that verapamil can be used to promote acute wound healing.

GPCR Kinase (GRK)-2 Is a Key Negative Regulator of Itch: l-Glutamine Attenuates Itch via a Rapid Induction of GRK2 in an ERK-Dependent Way

Im, Yu-Na,Lee, Yu-Dong,Park, Jeong-Soo,Kim, Hae-Kyoung,Im, Suhn-Young,Song, Hwa-Ryung,Lee, Hern-Ku,Han, Myung-Kwan Springer Nature 2018 The Journal of investigative dermatology Vol.138 No.8

Cell death induction and intracellular vesicle formation in human colorectal cancer cells treated with Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol

Hwang Yu-Na,Kwon In-Seo,Park Ju-Hee,Na Han-Heom,Kwon Tae-Hyung,Park Jin-Sung,Kim Keun-Cheol 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.12

Background Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is a principal psychoactive extract of Cannabis sativa and has been traditionally used as palliative medicine for neuropathic pain. Cannabidiol (CBD), an extract of hemp species, has recently attracted increased attention as a cancer treatment, but Δ9-THC is also requiring explored pharmacological application. Objective This study evaluated the pharmacological effects of Δ9-THC in two human colorectal cancer cell lines. We investigated whether Δ9-THC treatment induces cell death in human colorectal cancer cells. Methods We performed an MTT assay to determine the pharmacological concentration of Δ9-THC. Annxein V and Western blot analysis confirmed that Δ9-THC induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Metabolic activity was evaluated using MitoTracker staining and ATP determination. We investigated vesicle formation by Δ9-THC treatment using GW9662, known as a PPARγ inhibitor. Results The MTT assay showed that treatment with 40 μM Δ9-THC and above inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Multiple intracytoplasmic vesicles were detected upon microscopic observation, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed cell death via G1 arrest. Δ9-THC treatment increased the expression of cell death marker proteins, including p53, cleaved PARP-1, RIP1, and RIP3, suggesting that Δ9-THC induced the death of colorectal cancer cells. Δ9-THC treatment also reduced ATP production via changes in Bax and Bcl-2. Δ9-THC regulated intracytoplasmic vesicle formation by modulating the expression of PPARγ and clathrin, adding that antiproliferative activity of Δ9-THC was also affected. Conclusion In conclusion, Δ9-THC regulated two functional mechanisms, intracellular vesicle formation and cell death. These findings can help to determine how cannabinoids can be used most effectively to improve the efficacy of cancer treatment.

High glucose induced translocation of Aquaporin8 to chicken hepatocyte plasma membrane: Involvement of cAMP, PI3K/Akt, PKC, MAPKs, and microtubule

Suh, Han Na,Lee, Sang Hun,Lee, Min Young,Heo, Jung Sun,Lee, Yu Jin,Han, Ho Jae Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 Journal of cellular biochemistry Vol.103 No.4

<P>Aquaporin8 (AQP8) is a transmembrane water channel that is found mainly in hepatocytes. The direct involvement of AQP8 in high glucose condition has not been established. Therefore, this study examined the effects of high glucose on AQP8 and its related signal pathways in primary cultured chicken hepatocytes. High glucose increased the movement of AQP8 from the intracellular membrane to plasma membrane in a 30 mM glucose concentration and in a time- (≥10 min) dependent manner. On the other hand, 30 mM mannitol did not affect the translocation of AQP8, which suggested the absence of osmotic effect. Thirty millimolar glucose increased intracellular cyclic adenosine 3, 5-monophosphate (cAMP) level. Moreover, high glucose level induced Akt phosphorylation, protein kinase C (PKC) activation, p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38 MAPK, and c-jun NH<SUB>2</SUB>-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. On the other hand, inhibition of each pathway by SQ 22536 (adenylate cyclase inhibitor), LY 294002 (PI3-K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor), Akt inhibitor, staurosporine (PKC inhibitor), PD 98059 (MEK inhibitor), SB 203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), or SP 600125 (JNK inhibitor) blocked 30 mM glucose-induced AQP8 translocation, respectively. In addition, inhibition of microtubule movement with nocodazole blocked high glucose-induced AQP8 translocation. High glucose level also increased the level of kinesin light chain and dynein protein expression. In conclusion, high glucose level stimulates AQP8 via cAMP, PI3-K/Akt, PKC, and MAPKs pathways in primary cultured chicken hepatocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1089–1100, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

Rhus verniciflua Stokes attenuates cholestatic liver cirrhosis-induced interstitial fibrosis via Smad3 down-regulation and Smad7 up-regulation

Mi Na Gil,Du Ri Choi,Kwang Sik Yu,Ji Heun Jeong,Dong Ho Bak,Do Kyung Kim,Nam Seob Lee,Je Hun Lee,Young Gil Jeong,Chun Soo Na,Dae Seung Na,Ki Hyun Ryu,Seung Yun Han 대한해부학회 2016 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.49 No.3

Cholestatic liver cirrhosis (CLC) eventually proceeds to end-stage liver failure by mediating overwhelming deposition of collagen, which is produced by activated interstitial myofibroblasts. Although the beneficial effects of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) on various diseases are well-known, its therapeutic effect and possible underlying mechanism on interstitial fibrosis associated with CLC are not elucidated. This study was designed to assess the protective effects of RVS and its possible underlying mechanisms in rat models of CLC established by bile duct ligation (BDL). We demonstrated that BDL markedly elevated the serological parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin, all of which were significantly attenuated by the daily uptake of RVS (2 mg/kg/day) for 28 days (14 days before and after operation) via intragastric route. We observed that BDL drastically induced the deterioration of liver histoarchitecture and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), both of which were significantly attenuated by RVS. In addition, we revealed that RVS inhibited BDL-induced proliferation and activation of interstitial myofibroblasts, a highly suggestive cell type for ECM production, as shown by immunohistochemical and semi-quantitative detection of a-smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Finally, we demonstrated that the anti-fibrotic effect of RVS was associated with the inactivation of Smad3, the key downstream target of a major fibrogenic cytokine, i.e., transforming growth factor b (TGF-b). Simultaneously, we also found that RVS reciprocally increased the expression of Smad7, a negative regulatory protein of the TGF-b/Smad3 pathway. Taken together, these results suggested that RVS has a therapeutic effect on CLC, and these effects are, at least partly, due to the inhibition of liver fibrosis by the downregulation of Smad3 and upregulation of Smad7.