Corrosion Behavior of Hastelloy C-276 for Carbon-anode-based Oxide Reduction Applications

Jeon, Min Ku,Kim, Sung-Wook,Choi, Eun-Young Korean Radioactive Waste Society 2020 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The corrosion behavior of Hastelloy C-276 was investigated to identify its applicability for carbon-anode-based oxide reduction (OR), in which Cl₂ and O₂ are simultaneously evolved at the anode. Under a 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 170 mL·min^-1 Ar flow, the corrosion rate was less than 1 g·m^-2·h^-1 up to 500℃, whereas the rate increased exponentially from 500 to 700℃. The effects of the Cl₂-O₂ composition on the corrosion rate at flow rates of 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂, 20 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 10 mL·min^-1 O₂, and 10 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 20 mL·min^-1 O₂ with a constant 170 mL·min^-1 Ar flow rate at 600℃ was analyzed. Based on the data from an 8 h reaction, the fastest corrosion rate was observed for the 20 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 10 mL·min^-1 O₂ case, followed by 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ and 10 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 20 mL·min^-1 O₂. The effects of the chlorine flow rate on the corrosion rate were negligible within the 5-30 mL·min^-1 range. A surface morphology analysis revealed the formation of vertical scratches in specimens that reacted under the Cl₂-O₂ mixed gas condition.

Ultrasonic Degradation of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Seawater and Brackish Water

So Young Park,Jong Sung Park,Ha Yoon Lee,Ji Yong Heo,Yeo Min Yoon,Kyung Ho Choi,Nam Guk Her 대한환경공학회 2011 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.16 No.3

In this study, a series of experiments was conducted on the relative degradation of commonly known endocrine-disrupting compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA) and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (Ee₂) in a single-component aqueous solution using 28 and 580 kHz ultrasonic reactors. The experiments were conducted with three different types of model water: deionized water (DI), synthetic brackish water (SBW), and synthetic seawater (SSW) at pH 4, 7.5, and 11 in the presence of inert glass beads and humic acids. Significantly higher sonochemical degradation (93-97% for BPA) occurred at 580 kHz than at 28 kHz (43-61% for BPA), regardless of water type. A slightly higher degradation was observed for Ee₂ compared to that of BPA. The degradation rate of BPA and Ee₂ in DI water, SBW, and SSW after 30 min of ultrasound irradiation at 580 kHz increased slightly with the increase in pH from 4 (0.073-0.091 min-1 for BPA and 0.081-0.094 min-1 for Ee₂) to 7.5 (0.087-0.114 min-1 for BPA and 0.092?0.124 min-1 for Ee₂). In contrast, significant degradation was observed at pH 11 (0.149-0.221 min-1 for BPA and 0.147-0.228 min-1 for Ee₂). For the given frequencies of 28 and 580 kHz, the degradation rate increased in the presence of glass beads (0.1 mm and 25 g) for both BPA and Ee₂: 0.018-0.107 min-1 without beads and 0.052-0.142 min-1 with beads for BPA; 0.021-0.111 min-1 without beads and 0.054-0.136 min-1 with beads for Ee₂. A slight increase in degradation of both BPA and Ee₂ was found as the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC, humic acids) increased in both SBW and SSW: 0.107-0.115 min-1 in SBW and 0.087-0.101 min-1 in SSW for BPA; 0.111-0.111 min-1 in SWB and 0.092-0.105 min-1 in SSW for Ee₂. After 30 min of sonicating the humic acid solution, DOC removal varied depending on the water type: 27% (3 mg L-1) and 7% (10 mg L-1) in SBW and 7% (3 mg L-1) and 4% (10 mg L-1) in SSW.

전송율 향상을 위한 다단계 상호연결망

신용태,이철희,조민수 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 1996 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

This paper proposed two Multi-statge Interconnection Network(MIN) that had multiple outlet to improve throughput. These proposed MINS were made of Clos MIN, well known Non-blocking MIN. These proposed MINs were called ECFS(Expanded Clos Switch Fabric) adn TCSF(Tandem Clos Switch Fabric). ECFS was consist of expanded number of switchs for multiple oulet. TCSF was consist of serial Clos MIN for multiple outlet. Performance evaluation of these proposed MINs was calculated arrival probability of packet through the MIN. In teh result, these proposed MINs with multiple outlet had higher throughput than existed MIN with single outlet. We know the fact that as the outlet of MIN increase, throughput of MIN increase.

Accuracy of cardiac output measurements during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: according to the vessel anastomosis sites

Sung Yong Park,Dae Hee Kim,Han Bum Joe,Ji Young Yoo,Jin Soo Kim,Min Kang,Yong Woo Hong 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.62 No.5

Background: During beating heart surgery, the accuracy of cardiac output (CO) measurement techniques may be influenced by several factors. This study was conducted to analyze the clinical agreement among stat CO mode (SCO), continuous CO mode (CCO), arterial pressure waveform-based CO estimation (APCO), and transesophageal Doppler ultrasound technique (UCCO) according to the vessel anastomosis sites. Methods: This study was prospectively performed in 25 patients who would be undergoing elective OPCAB. Hemodynamic variables were recorded at the following time points: during left anterior descending (LAD) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min; during obtuse marginal (OM) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min: and during right coronary artery (RCA) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min. The variables measured including the SCO, CCO, APCO, and UCCO. Results: CO measurement techniques showed different correlations according to vessel anastomosis site. However, the percent error observed was higher than the value of 30% postulated by the criteria of Critchley and Critchley during all study periods for all CO measurement techniques. Conclusions: In the beating heart procedure, SCO, CCO and APCO showed different correlations according to the vessel anastomosis sites and did not agree with UCCO. CO values from the various measurement techniques should be interpreted with caution during OPCAB. Background: During beating heart surgery, the accuracy of cardiac output (CO) measurement techniques may be influenced by several factors. This study was conducted to analyze the clinical agreement among stat CO mode (SCO), continuous CO mode (CCO), arterial pressure waveform-based CO estimation (APCO), and transesophageal Doppler ultrasound technique (UCCO) according to the vessel anastomosis sites. Methods: This study was prospectively performed in 25 patients who would be undergoing elective OPCAB. Hemodynamic variables were recorded at the following time points: during left anterior descending (LAD) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min; during obtuse marginal (OM) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min: and during right coronary artery (RCA) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min. The variables measured including the SCO, CCO, APCO, and UCCO. Results: CO measurement techniques showed different correlations according to vessel anastomosis site. However, the percent error observed was higher than the value of 30% postulated by the criteria of Critchley and Critchley during all study periods for all CO measurement techniques. Conclusions: In the beating heart procedure, SCO, CCO and APCO showed different correlations according to the vessel anastomosis sites and did not agree with UCCO. CO values from the various measurement techniques should be interpreted with caution during OPCAB.

신장기능영상용 방사성의약품 Bz - MAG3 ( Benzoylmercaptoacetylglycylglycylglycine ) 의 키트화 및 체내분포

고창순(Chang Soon Koh),이명철(Myung Chul Lee),정준기(June Key Chung),이동수(Dong Soo Lee),김영주(Young Ju Kim),정재민(Jae Min Jeong),장영수(Young Soo Chang),조정혁(Jung Hyuk Cho) 대한핵의학회 1996 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.30 No.3

N/A The MAG3 is a tubular excreting radiopharmaceutical for renal image. We synthe-sized benzoyl MAG3 (Bz-MAG3) and made a kit for labeling with Tc-99m. We checked the labeling effeciency of Tc-99m labeled MAG3 and biodistribution. Labeling efficiency was checked by TLC- SG (acetonitrile/H2O=2/1). After injecting of 1 mCi of Tc-99M-MAG3 to ICR-mice, Tmax(min), T1/2(min) were obtained in the renogram. Sequencial images (30sec, 2min, 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min) of TC-99m-MAG3 were compared with those of commercial Tc-99m-DTPA (Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Co.) kit. 1) The Rf value of synthesized Tc-99m-MAG3 was 0.78 and labeling efficiency was 97.5±1.9% (n=10). 2) The dynamic images of the Tc-99m-MAG3 were better than those of the Tc-99m-DTPA. 3) The Tmax(min.) and T1/2(min.) of Tc-99m-MAG3 (n=10) were 1.5±0.5 (left), 1.4±0.4(right), and 4.3±1.4 (left), 4.8±2.0 (right), respectivel. The Tmax(min.) and T1/2(min.) of Tc-99m-DTPA (n=7) were 2.7±1.6 (left), 2.7±1.6 right), and 3.8±1.7 (left), 4.5±2.7 (right), respectively. The quaility of image and labeling efficiency of the synthesized Bz-MAG3 kit were excellent, that it was supposed to be used in routine clinical work.

Corrosion Behavior of Inconel X-750 for Carbon Anode Oxide Reduction Application

Jeon, Min Ku,Kim, Sung-Wook,Lee, Sang-Kwon,Choi, Eun-Young Korean Radioactive Waste Society 2020 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The corrosion behavior of the Inconel X-750 alloy was investigated for its potential application under a Cl₂-O₂ mixed gas flow in an Ar atmosphere. The corrosion rate was found to be negligible at temperatures up to 400℃ under a flow rate of 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 170 mL·min^-1 Ar, whereas an exponential increase was observed in the corrosion rate at temperatures greater than 500℃. The suppression of the corrosion reaction due to the presence of O₂ was verified experimentally at flow rates of 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ (4.96 g·m^-2·h^-1), 20 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 10 mL·min^-1 O₂ (2.02 g·m^-2 ·h^-1), and 10 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 20 mL·min^-1 O₂ (1.34 g·m^-2·h^-1) under a constant Ar flow rate of 170 mL·min^-1 at 600℃ for 8 h. The surface morphology analysis results revealed that porous surfaces with tunnel-type holes were produced under the Cl₂-O₂ mixed-gas condition. Furthermore, the effects of the Cl₂ flow rate on the corrosion rate were investigated, indicating that its impact was negligible within the range of 5-30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ at 600℃.

“영자의 전성시대”, 1970년대와 ‘청년문화’의 복화술

이민영 ( Lee Min-young ) 우리어문학회 2019 우리어문연구 Vol.63 No.-

1970년대에는 대중문화가 발전하면서 다수의 흥행작들이 만들어진다. 문학과 영화계에서는 젊은이들의 삶을 다룬 작품들이 주목받고, 이들은 청년문화라는 이름을 얻게 된다. 통기타, 청바지, 생맥주로 대변되는 청년문화에는 명백한 물질적 상징이 존재하였지만, 이들을 하나로 묶어내는 통일된 사상이나 이념의 체계를 발견하기는 어려웠다. 당대의 사회는 이와 같은 청년문화의 모호성을 인식하고 이들의 문화를 정의하기 위한 다양한 논쟁을 벌인다. 논쟁의 과정에서 실제 청년문화의 산물들은 종종 비판의 대상이 되는데, 그것은 실질적인 청년 문학의 텍스트들이 저급하고 불온한 것으로 간주되었기 때문이다. 지식인 계층을 중심으로 청년문학의 퇴폐적이고 순응적인 태도가 비판되었다면, 유신정권은 청년문화를 불건전하고 불온한 것으로 간주하고 이들을 향한 검속을 강화한다. 본고에서는 이와 같은 청년문화에 대한 비판적인 시선들이 각각의 담론 구조속에서 상상된 청년의 정체성을 바탕으로 하고 있음을 전제로, 당대 문화에 나타난 실질적인 청년문화의 텍스트를 살펴보고자했다. 본고에서 주목한 것은 소설 「영자의 전성시대」와 영화 <영자의 전성시대>이다. 이 두 작품은 상상된 청년이 부재하는 서사에 호스티스를 주요인물로 등장시키고 있다는 점에서 청년 없는 청년문화의 실체에 근접한 작품이라 할 수 있다. 또한 두 작품은 매체적 특성을 적확하게 적용하여 전혀 다른 서사를 보여주고 있다. 이는 1970년대에 이르러 각각의 매체적 특성을 활용하게 된 대중문화의 발전양상을 드러내는 동시에, 하나의 이름으로 동일화 될 수 없는 다양한 청년문화의 정체성을 체현하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 본고에서는 소설이 일인칭 ‘나’의 서사에, 영화는 ‘영자’의 이야기에 중점을 두고 있다는 점을 바탕으로 각각의 작품들이 드러내는 모순적인 현실인식을 분석하였다. 소설의 서사는 남성 노동자의 위악적 목소리를 통해 이들의 삶이 지식인들에 의해 계몽될 수 없는 것임을 드러낸다. 그리고 영화의 서사는 영자의 수난사를 명랑의 정조로 재현함으로써, 비극적 현실과 명랑한 목소리의 간극을 극대화 한다. 이를 통해 검열자의 권력에 순응하는 한편, 이들의 시선 너머에서 청년들의 삶을 가시화하고자 노력한다. 영화와 소설은 서로 다른 방식으로 상상된 청년의 실체를 거부하고 스스로의 정체성을 끊임없이 유예하고 있는 것이다. 이를 통해 당대의 청년문화가 주체와 객체 사이의 모순을 드러내면서 표면적으로 드러나는 서사이면에서 복화술적인 서사의 구조를 만들어 내고 있음을 알 수 있다. In the 1970s, popular culture developed and produced a number of popular films and novels. Contemporary Literature and films are attracting the attention of young people and they got the name of “cheongnyeon munhwa”(Youth Culture) There was clear material symbols in the youth culture, which was represented by acoustic guitar, jeans, and draft beer. However it was difficult to find a unified system of ideas or ideology that tied them together. The contemporary society recognizes the ambiguity of Youth Culture and engages in various controversies to define their cultural identity. In the process of disputation, real youth literature is often criticized. It is because the actual texts of youth literature were regarded as low and unwholesomeness. While the decadent and adaptive attitudes of Youth literature centered on intellectuals were criticized, The Yushin regime regards the youth culture as unhealthy and strengthens the censorship for them. In this paper, it is presupposed that the critical gaze on youth culture is based on the imagined identity of youth in each discourse structure. What I have focused in this article is the novel “The Heydays of Young-ja” (Young-jaui Jeonseongsidae) and the movie “The Heydays of Young-ja” (Young-jaui Jeonseongsidae). These two works are close to the realities of ‘the youth culture without youth people” in that the Hostess appears as the main character in the narrative instead of imagined young man. In addition, the two works show an entirely different narrative structure by applying the media’s specificity precisely. This reveals the development of popular culture since the 1970s when the media characteristics are used precisely, at the same time, it can be said that it embodies the identity of various youth culture that cannot be identified by one name. In this paper, based on the fact that the novel focuses on the narration of the ‘I’ and the movie focuses on the story of ‘Young-ja’, I analyzed the contradictory perception of each work. The narrative of the novel reveals that the voice and the view of the male worker, who were regarded as objects of enlightenment, cannot be coincided with intellectuals. And the narrative of the film represented the passion of the women with the delightful mood, adapting to the censorship process of the authorities, and maximizing the gap between the tragic reality and the cheerful voices. This has led to the discovery of new ways of talking about things that are forbidden.

Effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT), a Polyherbal Formula on the Pharmacokinetics Profiles of Tamoxifen in Male SD Rats (1) - Single Oral Combination Treatment of Tamoxifen 50 mg/kg with JEKHT 100 mg/kg within 5 min -

Kwak, Min A,Park, Soo Jin,Park, Sung Hwan,Lee, Young Joon,Ku, Sae Kwang The Society of Korean Medicine 2016 대한한의학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Objectives: The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT) on the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen in combination therapy as a process of the comprehensive and integrative medicine against breast cancer. Methods: After 50 mg/kg of tamoxifen treatment, JEKHT 100 mg/kg was orally administered within 5 min. The plasma were collected at 30 min before administration, 30min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hrs after end of JEKHT treatment, and plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. PK parameters of tamoxifen ($T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$) were analysis as compared with tamoxifen single administered rats. Results: JEKHT did not influenced on the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen after single oral co-administration, within 5min except for some negligible effects on plasma concentration. The $T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$ of tamoxifen in co-administered rats were quite similar to those of tamoxifen single treated rats. Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, JEKHT did not influenced on the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen, when they were single co-administered within 5min. However, more detail pharmacokinetic studies should be tested to conclude the possibilities that can be used as comprehensive and integrative therapy with JEKHT and tamoxifen for breast cancers, when they were co-administered, like the effects on the pretreatment of JEKHT and after repeat co-administrations.

호남유생 景晦 金永根의 생애와 북간도 항일 망명

박민영(Park, Min-young) 독립기념관 한국독립운동사연구소 2014 한국독립운동사연구 Vol.0 No.49

전남 강진 출신의 김영근(1865~1934)은 조선 말기의 저명한 학파였던 화서학파 유생이었다. 그는 김한섭과 김평묵의 문하에서 공부하였다. 김한섭은 김평묵, 유중교 등 화서학파 소속 학자들과 교류한 호남지방의 대학자였으며, 김평묵은 이항로(화서)의 수제자로 20여 년간 이 학파를 이끌었던 사람이다. 김영근은 이 두 학자를 평생 동안 스승으로 섬겼다. 김영근은 화서학파의 근거지인 중부지방에서 활동하던 화서학파 학자들과 동일한 항일관을 갖고 있었다. 그의 이러한 항일관은 그가 화서학파의 학문특색인 철학적 원리론에 철저하게 입각해 있었기 때문에 형성될 수 있었다. 김영근은 1905년 망국조약과 다름없던 을사조약 늑결을 계기로 1차 북간도 망명을 시도하였다. 이 조약 체결로 더 이상 국내에 머물 수 없다고 판단하였기 때문에 망명을 결행하였던 것이다. 하지만, 현실적 어려움으로 인해 곧 귀국하고 말았다. 그 뒤 1910년 나라가 망하게 되자 2차로 북간도 망명을 결행하였다. 이처럼 두 차례에 걸쳐 시도된 김영근의 북간도 망명은 일제의 국권침탈의 강도 또는 양상에 상응하여 이루어졌다는 점에서 그 궤적이 갖는 의미가 적지 않다. 이러한 망명은 김영근이 유생의 신분에서 일제침략으로 훼손된 민족의 존엄과 역사의 자존을 회복하기 위한 방편으로 결행하였던 것이다. 곧 김영근은 일제 침략과 강점으로 점철된 민족수난기에 가장 선명하고도 강렬한 반일투쟁 노선을 견지했던 화서학파의 성원으로서 시종일관 반일 사상·활동의 지향성을 가지고 일생 고단한 삶을 살았던 학자이며 지사였다. 또한 한반도 중부지방에 활동 및 세력 거점을 지닌 화서학파의 한 분파가 한반도 최남단인 호남 서남부지방에 부식되어 있던 사실과 그들의 활동양상을 알려주고 있다는 점에서도 또 다른 역사적 의의를 찾을 수 있다. Kim Young-keun was a respected scholar from the renowned scholastic association at Kang-Jin, Cheolla-Namdo. Kim Han-sup and Kim Pyeong-Muk taught him. Both of them are respected scholar from the Cheolla province. Especially, Kim Pyeong-mook’s teacher was the famous Lee Hang-ro. For the rest of his life, Young-keun called these two scholar as master. Young-keun shared similar belief with other scholar at middle region regarding fighting back Japanese Imperialism. His theological ground was philosophical idea called Won-lee-Ron. Young-keun exiled to North Gan-do right after, Eul-sa Treaty which was designed to conquer Korea. This national tragedy forced him to stay no longer inside of Korean Peninsula which was about to be annexed by Japanese Empire. In 1910, finally, Great Han Empire totally lost it’s national rights. It was practically conqured by Japan being the part of Japanese Empire. After this calamity broke out, Young-keun exile to North Gan-do, for the second time. Exile of prominent figure of Confucius academy meant something to public. His behaviour was to regain nation’s pride that was taken from Japanese Empire. Thus, Kim Yeong-keun was member of Hwaseo Scholastic Group, and he endeavor to fight against Japanese force. His resistance wasn’t a easy choice. Also, Hwaseo association had influence on the southern tip of Korea through this scholar also bear important historical meaning.

실험적 급성 허혈성 신부전에서 Verapamil 이 혈중 Polyamine 동태에 미치는 영향

원동준(Dong Jun Won),권현민(Hyun Min Kwon),김용섭(Yong Seop Kim),구자룡(Ja Ryong Gu),권영주(Young Ju Kwon),조원용(Won Yong Cho),김형규(Hyung Kyu Kim) 대한내과학회 1991 대한내과학회지 Vol.40 No.6

N/A It has been proposd that calcium entry from an external medium increases intracellular free calcium to toxic levels during ischemic acute renal failure, and verapamil (ARF) has been suggested as the agentblocking calicium entry into renal cells and protecting renal function during ischemic injury. Polyamines, anorganic cations that play various roles in normal cellular proliferation and differentiation, accumulate in renal failare. Alsa it has been suggested tht the synthesis and metabolism of polyamine are influence by acute changes of the general condition, such as acute renal failure, and are mediated by a calcium influx into the cells. The study was designed to study the protective effects of systemic verapamil pretreatment on renal function and the influence on polyamine metabolism in experimental ischemic ARF in cats. For these purpose, the experimental animals were divided into 2 groups. While Group I (n=5) was an ischemic ARF model by renal artery clamping for 60 minutes, Group II (n=5) was ischemic ARF with systemic verapamil (5 ml/min/kg) pretreatment. The creatinine clearance and plasma and urinary polyamine were measured in each group before and after the renal artery clamp. The results were as follows: 1) Creatinine clearance before and after the renal artery clamp were 10.64±7.18 ml/min/kg and 2.09±1. 70 ml/min/kg in Group I, 4.47±3.38 ml min/kg and 0.60±0.79ml/min/kg in Group II, respectively, So creatinine clearance decreased more significantly in Group II campared with Group I. 2) Plasma polyamine increased after ischemia in Group I. In group I, plasma levels of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine before ischemia were 4.75±0.40 nmol/ml, 0.69±0.09 nmol/ml, and 0.83±0.63 nmol/ml, were elevated to 7.17±2.91 nmol/ml, 9.83±1.46 nmol/ ml, and 2.64±1.14nmol/ml after ischemia. But in Group II, the plasma level of polyamine was not changed, and especially, spermine decreased significantly from 0.83±0.27 before ischemia to 0.49±0.23 nmol/ml after ischenmine (p=0.033). 3) Urine polyamine excretion decreased after ischemia in Group I and Group II. In Group II, urinary excretion of spermidine and spermine before ischemia, 0.13±0.10 nmol/min and 0.17±0.13nmol/min, decreased after ischemia to 0.01±0.01nmol/min (p=0.019) and 0.032±0.26 nmol/min (p=0.0257). 4) In renal tissue, spermine content vas highest. In Group II, preischemic spermine were 397.20 nmol/g and increased to 646.66nmol/g after ischema, But there were no significant changes in the polyamine contents in Group II. From these data, it was suggested that systemic verapamil pretreatment exerts no protective effect on ischemic ARF. Plasma polyamines are elevated in ischemic ARF, and verapamil may protect these elevations.