존 밀턴의 초기작과 유럽문학 전통

김윤경 ( Kim¸ Younkyung ) 경희대학교 인문학연구원 2020 인문학연구 Vol.0 No.45

본 논문은 1645년에 출판된 존 밀턴의 작품집에 포함된 라틴어, 이탈리아어 시에서 유럽 문학의 전통, 특히 희랍로마 고전문학의 전통과 이탈리아 연애시와 소네트 전통이 어떻게 드러났는지 살핀다. 밀턴의 작품집은 책의 구성 자체가 영어시와 라틴어 시 부분이 별도로 구성되어 있고 이 시집 자체도 여러 언어를 구사하는 작가의 성취로 홍보되었다. 라틴어 시의 경우를 보면, 밀턴은 「아버님께」, 「만소」와 「데이몬의 비문」처럼 희랍로마 고전의 막대한 영향을 그대로 드러내면서 라틴어 시를 쓰긴 했으나 동시에 그는 이 시들에서 젊은 시인으로서의 야심을 대담하게 표출하고 사적인 감정을 토로하며 라틴어를 자신의 시적 언어로서 충분히 사용하였다. 이탈리아인 여성을 연모하며 이탈리아어로 연애시를 쓰는 상황을 그린 이탈리아어 소네트와 칸초네는 밀턴이 연애시라는 장르를 시도해보고 이탈리아어도 연습하는 기회였던 걸로보인다. 이 시들에서 밀턴은 페트라르칸 소네트 전통을 의식하고 이용하되 외국어 문학 전통과 외국어로 시를 쓰는 영국 시인이라는 자의식을 드러내는 데에 더 중점을 두면서 페트라르칸 소네트 전통에 적극적으로 참여하는 데에는 이르지 않았다. John Milton’s first poetry book published in 1645 was presented as a multi lingual work. Several classical and European literary traditions had merged throughout the volume and let the English author find his own poetic voice and develop his style. In “Ad Patrem” and “Mansus,” though they were written in Latin, the poet boldly presented his ideal of art and his poetic ambition, which he never mentioned in his English poems at that time. “Epitaphium Damonis” has one of the most personal grieves we can find in his works and also evinces his ability to utilize varying classical traditions exhaustively. Compared with Latin poems, Italian poems sound rather conventional, probably because his level of linguistic fluency in the Italian language was lower. Most Italian poems belong to love poetry genre and are significantly influenced by the Petrarchan sonnet tradition though Milton only briefly mentioned unpersuasive reasons for his choice of the language in writing love poems. Comparing the Italian sonnets with Sonnet 9, which depicts an anonymous young Christian woman, we can see that Milton slowly moves from the love poetry tradition to a Christian poetry.

Erdr1 Attenuates Dermatophagoides farina Body Extract-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice

Kim, Kyung Eun,Jung, Myung Jin,Houh, Younkyung,Kim, Tae Sung,Lee, Wang Jae,Yang, Yoolhee,Bang, Sa Ik,Kim, Chang Han,Kim, Heejong,Park, Hyun Jeong,Cho, Daeho Williams & Wilkins 2017 The Journal of investigative dermatology Vol.137 No.8

Milton, Marvell, and Political Allegiance in 1630-40s.

Younkyung Kim(김윤경) 미래영어영문학회 2016 미래영어영문학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2016 No.12

“Since you are dear bought, I will love you dear”: Incomplete Bond of Love and Wealth in The Merchant of Venice

Kim, Younkyung 새한영어영문학회 2022 새한영어영문학 Vol.64 No.2

In The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare projects late Elizabethan England into two worlds: exotic but realistic Venice as the center of commerce like London; and ideal and romantic Belmont, vaguely presented as the estate of excessively affluent landed gentry. The economic and moral principles of the two worlds are just as parallel as opposite, and the play shows a complex movement of wealth and people between the two realms. The economic contract between Shylock and Antonio in Venice makes possible the moral contract accompanying the economic settlement between Bassanio and Portia. Bassanio’s hazardous selection of the lead casket is a philosophized and inverted image of Antonio’s high-risk overseas trade. Jessica’s and Lorenzo’s love affair, a more mercenary variation on the union in Belmont based on Shylock’s wealth, exacerbates the economic conflict in Venice and serves to call Portia back to Venice to face the challenge from the city. Portia’s trial exposes the institutional flaws of a commercial Venice, but it only partially succeeds in changing the economic spirit of the city. The new Belmont has characters with suspicious moral principles and Venetian wealth is essential to the final “harmony,” which shows Shakespeare’s incomplete negotiation of the historical reality.

Reconsidering Political Readings of John Milton’s Early Poetry and Andrew Marvell

Kim, Younkyung(김윤경) 새한영어영문학회 2020 새한영어영문학 Vol.62 No.4

This article examines John Milton’s early works and Andrew Marvell’s “The Nymph complaining for the Death of her Fawn” and questions the efficiency of criticisms that retroactively read the poets’ works, focusing on their later political career during the English civil war. Milton’s early pieces like “Arcades” and A Maske have several noticeable similarities with Caroline authors’ works and they can be viewed as products of the time, even if his later criticism of monarchy is undeniable. Some of Marvell’s mid century political poems have puzzled critics when they attempt to present the poet as a strong supporter of republicanism, and less attention has been given to how his lyric poems can be read along with those political poems. “The Nymph complaining for the Death of her Fawn,” though it doesn’t refer to any specific political events, subtly reflects the violence and desperation that are commonly found in the turbulent period. Both poets’ cases show limitations of political reading of literary texts, selectively highlighting certain phases or works of the authors whose lives and works are multi-faceted.

시인의 공동체와 정치적 현실

김윤경(Kim, Younkyung) 미래영어영문학회 2017 영어영문학 Vol.22 No.3

It is well known that Andrew Marvell, a renowned master of lyric poetry, was deeply involved in the historical reality of the English Civil war and produced a few interesting political poems including “An Horatian Ode.” This essay addresses Marvell’s two poems on his contemporary poets, “To his Noble Friend Mr Richard Lovelace” and “Tom May’s Death,” and discusses what Marvell viewed as the ideals that poets should seek for. In the two poems, while Marvell is keenly aware of the political changes during the turbulent period and the impacts of the war on the literature and writers, he warns his readers of the dangers of the politically oriented reading, which can blind them on the other aspects of literary works. He also emphasizes the moral integrity, artistry, and autonomy of poets as essential qualities. As is shown in Ben Jonson’s speech in “Tom May’s Death,” poets’ role is defined as voicing courageously their critical views and contributing to fellow poets and the society even in adverse situations, regardless of personal gains. Criticizing May and showing respect for Lovelace, Marvell also shows both poetry and the society will suffer through the demise of good writing and authors and the lack of healthy literary community.

Effects of TCA Cycle Intermediates on hCTLA4Ig Production in Transgenic Rice Cell Cultures

MinSub KIM,JunYoung KWON,HyungJin NAM,YunYoung PAK,HongYeol CHOI,YounKyung SUNG,SunMi LEE,DongIl KIM 한국생물공학회 2013 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.4

임상가를 위한 폴리머(Polymer)의 기본 개념

오세웅(Sewoong Oh),최윤경(Younkyung Choi),김성훈(Sunghun Kim),김용일(Yongil Kim),김성식(Seongsik Kim) 대한치과교정학회 2024 대한치과교정학회 임상저널 Vol.14 No.1

As clear aligners became popular, the use of polymers in clinical orthodontics is increasing. From traditional thermoforming sheets like PETG and TPU for Invisalign to the latest materials for 3D printing, these materials are complicated for clinicians to learn since textbooks do not yet cover the basics of polymer engineering. In this article, we will introduce the basic concepts of polymers to help clinicians understand the differences between different polymers and make appropriate choices for their clinical practice. (Clin J Korean Assoc Orthod 2024;14(1):57-69)

Bleeding after Endoscopic Resection in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis: A Multicenter Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

In Kyung Yoo,Chan Gyoo Kim,서영주,Younkyung Oh,백광호,Sun Moon Kim,김영대,Chul Hyun Lim,전정원,홍수진,Byoung Wook Bang,Joon Sung Kim,정준원 대한소화기내시경학회 2020 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.53 No.4

Background/Aims: Frequent bleeding after endoscopic resection (ER) has been reported in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We aimed to evaluate the association and clinical significance of bleeding with ER in ESRD patients on dialysis. Methods: Between February 2008 and December 2018, 7,571 patients, including 47 ESRD patients on dialysis who underwent ER forgastric neoplasia, were enrolled. A total of 47 ESRD patients on dialysis were propensity score-matched 1:10 to 470 non-ESRD patients,to adjust for between-group differences in variables such as age, sex, comorbidities, anticoagulation use, tumor characteristics, and ERmethod. Matching was performed using an optimal matching algorithm. For the matched data, clustered comparisons were performedusing the generalized estimating equation method. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Frequency and outcomes of post-ERbleeding were evaluated. Results: Bleeding was more frequent in the ESRD with dialysis group than in the non-ESRD group. ESRD with dialysis conferred asignificant risk of post-ER bleeding (odds ratio, 6.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.7–13.6; p<0.0001). All post-ER bleeding events werecontrolled using endoscopic hemostasis except in 1 non-ESRD case that needed surgery. Conclusions: ESRD with dialysis confers a bleeding risk after ER. However, all bleeding events could be managed endoscopicallywithout sequelae. Concern about bleeding should not stop endoscopists from performing ER in ESRD patients on dialysis.

무에서 추출한 crude myrosinase의 최적 활성 조건

김연경,김건희 덕성여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2003 자연과학 논문집 Vol.9 No.-

This study was conducted to optimize enzyme activity condition on radish crude myrosinase that was hydrolytic enzyme of glucosinolate. Crude myrosinase activity was measured by DNS(3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid) method, and relative activity was investigated with changes in temperature, pH, L-ascorbic acid concentration, inorganic ion and reducing agent. The radish crude myrosinase has been the highest relative activity at 37℃, pH 7, and 10 mM L-ascorbic acid concentration. Effects of Nacl, KCI, SnCl_2, MgCl_2, ZnCl_2 and CaCl_2 on crude myrosinase activity extracted from white radish did not show significant differences from control. However, Cucl_2 and HgCl_2 showed remarkably reduced enzyme activity of crude myrosinase. In effects of reducing agents for enzyme activity, ascorbic acid was more effective than mercaptoethanol.