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산소분압열처리를 이용한 폐기물산화철로부터의 단상 및 복합상 산화철의 제조
임희대,이찬규,허석환,박연준 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 産技硏論文集 Vol.12 No.-
Oxygen pressure heat-treatment with CO-CO2 gas mixture was introduced to purify the waste oxidized iron in shortblast process. To determine the temperture and oxygen partial pressure, Fe-O phase diagrams was used. single phase FeO, Fe₃O₄and composite phase FeO-Fe₃O₄, Fe-FeO could be obtained sucessfully in the range of 10(-17)∼10(-19) in Po₂at 800℃.
정치적 통합과 안정 : 정치적 충원의 신중성 : 텍스트[孟子]에의 분석
이윤환,윤대식 建陽大學校 1998 建陽論叢 Vol.- No.6
Of many thinkers in Confucian tradition, Mencius stands on the very special position. In contrasted with Confucius, he lived in Warring States Period. The text Mencius contains Mencius' own political thought obviously, he himself was very political. Mencous' historical view is based on his own understanding of situation. His cyclic view alternating order and chaos every five hundreds years in history is very original. Reflecting history, Mencius believed that new prince and order coming soon inevitably. To verify it, he constitenly preceding example as ideal model. Mencius intended to gain legitimacy of political power and to establish stability in political unity. He had aspiration for new king and order to achieve his aim. To realize it, he distinguished between Kingly government and Power government. On one hand, Kingly government is ruled by king who has virtue and benevolence. On the other hand, Power government is ruled by force. He supposed how to realize Kingly government, and emphasized virtue and benevolence. Especially he demanded that king and political elites in political process should cultivate benevolence as personal virtue. Mencius recognized that nature of politics should be 'for the people,' and statemen should take care of their people. Therefore political recruitment is needed prudence. Regardless of status and positions, talents and ambitions was the first principle of political recruitment at that time. But struggle for political hegemony in Warring States Period was enlarged, Mencius regarded that it was attribute to an unprincipled race for the spoils of success. He judged this situation as growing conditions that new king and order coming soon. Political legitimacy depends on political unity and order.
박설현,윤정환,서동표,정대훈,오율권 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2000 機械技術硏究 Vol.3 No.1
Polymer drag reduction can offer a attractive way to utilize ready-made facilities in crude-oil transport system without additional large expenditure. Also, drag reduction in two phase flow can be applied to phase change system such as chemical reactor, pool and pump impeller which occurs cavitation. But the research on drag reduction in two phase flow has not been investigated. Therefore, experimental investigations have been carried out to analyze the drag reduction in the single phase and two phase flow. The objectives of the proposed investigation are primarily to identify and develop high performance polymer additives for fluid transportation. And drag reduction will be evaluated in horizontal flow by measuring void fraction, pressure drop, mean liquid velocity and turbulent intensity
윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),박찬규 ( Chna Kyu Park ),김정상 ( Jeong Sang Kim ),채우석 ( Woo Seok Chae ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ) 대한경락경혈학회 2004 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.21 No.1
Objectives: This research was performed to investigate the effect of acupuncture at the KI2, KI10, HT8, HT3 on Aquaporin-2(AQP2) expression related with the renal functions in rats. Methods: Acupuncture was performed during 100-seconds, 6-times, at 150-seconds intervals under anesthesia in rats. We observed rats` mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate(HR), renal sympathetic nerve activity(RSNA) during acupuncture and AQP2 expression by western blot method and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP), renin, norepinephrine of plasma after decapitation. Results: The AQP2 expression was significantly increased in HT8 group, but decreased in KI10 group. Average MAP during 6-times acupuncture was significantly increased in HT8 group. Average HR was significantly increased in HT8 group, Average RSNA was increased in KI10 group, but that was marginally increased in KI10 group. Plasma renin concentration was increased in KI2 , HT3 groups. Plasma ANP show a tendency to decrease in KI10, HT3 groups, increased in KI2 , HT8 but not significant. Plasma norepinephrine concentration was significantly decreased in KI10, HT3 groups. Conclusions: These results suggested that acupuncture at HT8 activate renal function to reuptake, but KI10 show a decline on effect of AQP2 expression, blood pressure, nerve activity and renin.
태백(太白),신문(神門) 념전(捻轉) 및 영수(迎隨) 보사수기법(補瀉手技法)이 2K1C에 의하여 유발(誘發)된 신혈관성(腎血管性) 고혈압(高血壓) 백서(白鼠)에 미치는 영향(影響)
윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),한정희 ( Jeong Hee Han ),김선희 ( Suhn Hee Kim ) 경락경혈학회 2011 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.28 No.2
Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect acupuncture by needle manipulation at acupoints, SP3·HT7, on the blood pressure and renin and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) in plasma, cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive rats induced by two kidney one clip (2K1C). Materials and Methods: The experiments were performed on twenty-five Sprague Dawley rats, 2K1C hypertension model was prepared by constricting the left renal artery with a sliver clip. Animals were divided into five groups, control, AC-1a and AC-2a(acupuncture at SP3·HT7 bilaterally and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand 6 times), AC-3a(acupuncture at SP3·HT7 bilaterally and the needle was inserted in the opposite direction(body direction) as the channel runs), AC-4a(acupuncture at SP3 HT7 bilaterally and the needle was inserted in the opposite direction(body direction) as the channel runs and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the forefinger of the right hand 6 times). The treatments were started on the 4 week after inducing 2K1C, and they were performed two times a week for 3 weeks in rats. Results : The results are that The blood pressure was significantly decreased at 4 times in Acu-1a, The cardiac hypertrophy was significantly decrease in Acu-2a and Acu-3a. The activity of plasma renin was decreased in all groups without control and Acu-1a, and that of plasma ANP was decrease in Acu-2a and Acu-3a than control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that acupuncture on SP3·HT7 mostly cause significant changes on controlling renal hypertension induced by 2K1C in the rats.
윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),이봄비 ( Bom Bi Lee ),심인섭 ( In Sop Shim ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ) 대한경락경혈학회 2005 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.22 No.2
Objectives Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen(BCL) has been used to medication for early stroke in the Oriental Medicine. So this study was planned to investigate the effects of BCL on the focal ischemia-induced by intraluminal filament insertion in the rats. Materials and methods: The focal ischemia was induced by Intraluminal Filament insertion into middle cerebral artery. BCL herbal acupuncture at ST36 was carried out during 3 weeks after focal ischemia-induced. Eight-arm radial maze was used for the behavioral task and neuroprotective effect of BCL acupuncture was observed by Cresyl violet, AchE, ChAT-stain. Results: The error rate in the eight-arm radial maze task was significantly decreased in BCL1 (0.89mg/kg) herbal acupuncture group compared to control group on 3,4,5days, compared to saline acupuncture group on 3,5days. The rate of correct choice was significantly increased in saline acupuncture, BCL1 herbal acupuncture group, BCL2(0.089mg/kg) herbal acupuncture groups compared to control group. The density of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 was the most increased in BCL1 herbal acupuncture group compared to the others. The density of AchE in the hippocampal CAl was significantly increased in BCL1 herbal acupuncture, BCL2 herbal acupuncture groups compared to control group, and in BCL2 herbal acupuncture groups increased compared to saline acupuncture, control groups. The density of ChAT in the hippocampal CA1 was significantly increased in BCL1 herbal acupuncture group compared to saline acupuncture, control groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that BCL herbal acupuncture could be used as a medication for controlling the early stroke.
동충하초(冬蟲夏草) 약침(藥鍼)이 백서(白鼠)의 기관지평활근(氣管支平滑筋) 장력(張力)과 염증(炎症) 및 면역(免疫) 반응(反應)에 미치는 영향(影響)
윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),최관준 ( Gwan Jun Choi ),채우석 ( Woo Seok Chae ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ) 대한경락경혈학회 2004 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.21 No.2
Objectives: It has been reported that Cordyceps militaris Mycelia(CMM) has an effect on deficiency allergic asthma(虛喘) clinically. The aim of this study was to determine an appropriate oriental treatment and the doses of CMM to treat asthma. Methods: In order to study the effect of herbal acupuncture solution of the CMM on allergic asthma, the mouse were pretreated by CMM herbal acupuncture at BL13, LU4 before antigen sensitization. 2 days later Mice were actively sensitized with a subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin(OA) and 13 days later they were provoked with OA aerosols. IL-4, lymphocyte, macrophage in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), IgE in serum, WBC, RBC, HGB in blood, and in vitro isometric contractile responses of the isolated tracheal smooth muscle(TSM) to acetylcholine(ACh, 0.1-1000 μM), KCl were measured. Results: Contractile responses of TSM to ACh were significantly increased in CMM herbal acupuncture 1 group (Ach 1000 μM), CMM herbal acupuncture 2 group (ACh 1, 10 μM), CMM herbal acupuncture 3 group (Ach 0.3, 1, 30, 300 μM). The sensitivity of TSM to ACh was significantly decreased in CMM herbal acupuncture 3 group. The maximal contractile response of TSM to ACh was significantly decreased in CMM herbal acupuncture 1, 3 group. The maximal contractile response of TSM to KCl was significantly decreased in CMM herbal acupuncture 1, 2, 3 group. The counts of lymphocytes in BALF was significantly increased in CMM herbal acupuncture 3 group. The counts of macrophages in BALF was significantly decreased in CMM herbal acupuncture 3 group. Interleukin-4 level in BALF was significantly increased in CMM herbal acupuncture 1,3 group. and it was increased in CMM herbal acupuncture 2 group, but there was no significance. Serum IgE level was significantly decreased in CMM herbal acupuncture 1, 2, 3 group. The counts of WBC in blood was significantly increased in CMM herbal acupuncture 1, 3 group. Conclusion: Based on the above results it is assumed that CMM herbal acupuncture at BL13, LU4 can help the treatment of deficiency allergic Asthma.
윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),변정윤 ( Jeng Yun Byun ),최찬헌 ( Chan Hun Choi ),백진웅 ( Jin Ung Baek ),정지연 ( Ji Yeon Jeong ),정연진 ( Yeon Jin Jung ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ) 대한경락경혈학회 2007 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.24 No.3
Objectives: Aims of this study is to investigate the effects of LU8·KI7 in rat induced by experimental focal ischemia. Materials and methods: The focal ischemia was induced by intraluminal filament insertion into middle cerebral artery. The groups divided into 6groups, control; no therapy group after ischemia-induced, AT1; acupuncture therapy group at LU8·KI7 after ischemia-induced, AT2; acupuncture therapy at LU8·KI7 bilaterally and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the thumb of the right hand 9times, AT3; acupuncture therapy at LU8·KI7 bilaterally and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the forefinger of the right hand 9times, AT4; acupuncture therapy at LU8·KI7 bilaterally and the needle was inserted to the direction following the flowing route of the meridian(digital direction), AT5; acupuncture therapy at LU8·KI7 bilaterally, the needle was inserted to the direction following the flowing route of the meridian(digital direction) and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the thumb of the right hand 9times. Acupuncture therapy was carried out 7times during 2weeks after focal ischemia-induced. The anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of acupuncture are observed by Bax, Bcl-2, mGluR5, cytochrome c, Cresyl violet and ChAT-stain. Results: The intensity of Bax was decreased in AC1, AC4, AC5 group, was increased in AC2, AC3 group. The intensity of Bcl-2 was increased in AC2, AC3, AC4, AC5 group. The intensity of mGluR5 was decreased in AC1 group, was increased in AC4, AC5 group. The intensity of Cytochrome c was increased in AC1, AC2 group, was decreased in AC4, AC5 group. The density of neurons stained by Cresyl violet was increased in all group without control group. The density of ChAT was increased in AC2, AC5 group. Conclusions: Our study suggests that AC5 group show anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects on cholinergic neuron in focal cerebral ischemia of the stroke in rats.
윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ),최태진 ( Tae Jin Choi ),윤정영 ( Jeong Young Yun ),류연희 ( Yeon Hee Ryu ),최찬헌 ( Chan Hun Choi ),최선미 ( Sun Mi Choi ) 대한경락경혈학회 2008 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.25 No.4
Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect on five element constitutional acupuncture(Sa-am acupuncture) at 4 acupoints by needle manipulation to sedate Six Fu-Organ on hyperlipidemia induced by high fat diet in rats. Method: We recorded data of weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, weight of Liver, heart, spleen, Lung, kidney, Levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, AST, ALT in serum of rats fed high fat diet for 5 weeks. Spraque Dawley rats were divided into eight groups(normal; normal diet and non-acupuncture group, control; non-acupuncture group, Acu-LI; acupuncture at SI5·LI5·BL66·LI2 group, Acu-ST; acupuncture at GB41·ST43·LI1·ST45, Acu-SI; acupuncture at BL66·SI2·ST36·SI8, Acu-BL; acupuncture therapy at ST36·BL40· GB41·BL65, Acu-TE; acupuncture at BL66·TE2·ST36·TE10, Acu-GB; acupuncture at LI1·GB44·SI5·GB38. After needles inserted, it was rotated clockwise and anticlockwise 12 times on rats fed high fat diet. Results: The body weight was decreased in Acu-SI, Acu-TE, Acu-GB group, /the food intake was decreased in Acu-TE, / the food efficiency was decreased in Acu-SI, /serum triglyceride was decreased in Acu-LI, Acu-ST, Acu-BL, Acu-GB, /serum total cholesterol was decreased in Acu-LI, Acu-BL, serum ALP was decreased in Acu-LI, Acu-ST, Acu-BL, Acu-TE, Acu-GB. While the relative weight of heart was increased in Acu-LI, Acu-SI, the relative weight of kidney was increased in Acu-SI, Acu-GB. Conclusion: These results suggest that five element constitutional acupuncture(Sa-am acupuncture) may be having an therapeutic influence on hyperlipidemia induced by high fat diet. Further researches of acupuncture manipulation are needed in the future based on our study.