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Hematopoietic effect of deer antler extract fermented by Bacillus subtilis on murine marrow cells
Yooheon Park,Hyeon-Son Choi,Hyun-Sun Lee,Hyung Joo Suh 한국영양학회 2015 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.9 No.5
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We examined the chemical composition and the effect of fermented deer antler on hematopoietic factors in bone marrow cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: For the preparation of fermented deer antler extract (FAB), fermentation was carried out using Bacillus subtilis at 30℃ for 7 days. The hematopoietic effect of FAB was investigated hematopoietic factors in marrow cells. RESULTS: The contents of total sugar, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, and uronic acid and the dry weight gradually increased with fermentation time. The sialic acid content (from 0.14 ㎎/mL to 0.54 ㎎/mL) was the highest on the 4th day of fermentation after which it decreased. The proliferating activity of bone marrow cells increased with fermentation times. The levels of various hematopoietic growth factors were determined to verify the beneficial effect of deer antler extract fermented by B. subtilis on hematopoiesis. FAB increased the number of stem cell factors and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in bone marrow cells. In addition, FAB augmented the burst-forming unit erythroid and total colonies in splenocyte-conditioned medium compared with non-fermented antler extract (NFA). However, FAB did not affect the mRNA levels of erythropoietin, an important factor for erythropoiesis. CONCLUSIONS: FAB, like NFA, did not directly affect hematopoiesis, but contributed to hematopoiesis by stimulating the production of hematopoietic factors.
Lipase‐mediated lipid removal from propolis extract and its antiradical and antimicrobial activity
Park, Hyein,Bae, Song Hwan,Park, Yooheon,Choi, Hyeon‐,Son,Suh, Hyung Joo John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2015 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.95 No.8
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P>Propolis contains many antioxidants such as polyphenols and flavonoids. However, propolis‐derived lipid components interrupt an efficient isolation of antioxidants from propolis extract. We examined the effectiveness of various lipase treatments for the removal of lipids from propolis extract and evaluated the biological features of the extract.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>Lipase OF and Novozyme 435 treatments did not reduce fatty acid level in propolis extract. However, Lipozyme TL IM‐treated propolis extract showed a significant decrease in fatty acid level, suggesting the removal of lipids. Lipozyme RM IM also significantly decreased the fatty acid level of the extract, but was accompanied by the reduction of polyphenols and flavonoids, which are antioxidants. In Lipozyme TL IM treatment, an increase in active flavonoids, such as Artepillin C and kaempferide, was observed, with a slight increase of ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) radical‐scavenging activity. In addition, antimicrobial activity towards skin health‐related bacteria such as <I>Staphylococcus epidermidis</I> and <I>Propionibacterium acnes</I> was enhanced by Lipozyme TL IM treatment.</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P>Lipozyme TL IM treatment effectively removes lipids from propolis extract and enhances antibacterial activity. Therefore, we suggest that Lipozyme TL IM is a useful lipase for lipid removal of propolis extract. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry</P>
Park, Yooheon,Han, Bok Kyung,Choi, Hyeon-Son,Hong, Yang Hee,Jung, Eun Young,Suh, Hyung Joo Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.2
The objective of this study was to evaluated the photoprotective effects of porcine placenta extract (PPE) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) to evaluate its functional activities as a skin food ingredient. PPE prepared by subcritical water extraction was termed SPE, and subsequently digested by enzymes to prepare E-SPE. Increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (192.0%) induced by UVB were decreased by SPE and E-SPE. SPE had more effective ROS scavenging activity than E-SPE treatment. UVB treatment increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), and this elevated expression was decreased by E-SPE treatment. High-dose treatment with E-SPE (50 and 100 µg/mL) reduced TIMP-1 expression levels of UVB-C (control) to 33.5 and 34.6%, respectively. In contrast, at low SPE doses (1 and 10 µg/mL), the treatment slightly decreased TIMP- 1 expression levels to 73.3% and 71.3% of UVB-C, respectively. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the protective effect of SPE and E-SPE against UVB damage in keratinocytes via ROS scavenging, down-regulating MMP-2 expression and up-regulating TIMP- 1 expression. This highlights the potential for SPE as an ingredient in the preparation of functional food against photoaging.
박으뜸,박유헌,박성선,서형주,Park, Eu Deum,Park, Yooheon,Park, Sung-Sun,Suh, Hyung-Joo 한국식품영양학회 2012 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.25 No.4
본 연구에서는 혈액 내에서의 오메가-3 지방산의 함량 변화를 측정하여 연질 캡슐과 장용성 캡슐의 차이를 검토하였다. Fish oil 중의 EPA와 DHA의 총합의 함량이 62.87 g/100 g으로 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 연질 캡슐의 경우, 제 1시험액(위액)에서는 내부의 지방이 70% 용출된 반면, 장용성의 경우 10% 정도만이 용출되었다. 제 2액(소장액)에서도 6시간까지 50% 정도 용출되어 90분에 50%가 용출된 일반 연질 캡슐과 대조적이었다. 기존에 사용하였던 연질 캡슐의 EPA 및 DHA는 흡수 초기에 장용성 캡슐에 비하여 다소 높은 비율을 보인 반면, 8시간 이후 장용성 캡슐 섭취한 경우 EPA와 DHA의 혈액내 함량이 비율이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 경구 투여 48시간 후 지방산 조성은 장용성 캡슐에서는 mono-, poly-unsaturated fatty acid 혈액 내의 함량이 다소 높은 경향을 보였으며, saturated fatty acid 함량 역시 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. EPA와 DHA의 함량은 혈액 내에서 각 지방 분획에서의 함량 차이를 정확하게 측정하기 힘들었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 장용성 캡슐은 위장관을 통과하여 장에서 용출되는 특성 때문에 지속적인 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 추정된다. We investigate the changes of fatty acids in blood for an evaluation of the effects of soft and enteric coated capsules containing omega 3 fatty acids. Fish oil, which contained 62.87 g/100 g of sum of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), was used as nutracueticals for omega 3 fatty acids. Lipid releasing amount in soft capsule was 70% in stomach condition. However, there was 10% of releasing amount of lipid observed in enteric coated capsule in stomach condition. In intestinal condition, 50% of lipid releasing amount in enteric coated capsule showed until 6 hr, but soft capsule until 90 min. EPA and DHA contents in soft capsule administration showed higher level than those in enteric coated capsule until 8 hr. However, the administration of enteric coated capsule showed higher level of EPA and DHA in blood after 8 hr. After 24 hr, mono-, poly-unsaturated and saturated fatty acids contents with enteric coated capsule showed higher level than those with soft capsule. The enteric coated capsule containing omega 3 fatty acids was expected to sustain omega 3 fatty acids.
Enhancement of exercise endurance capacity by fermented deer antler in BALB/c mice.
Jang, Seongho,Park, Eu Ddeum,Suh, Hyung Joo,Lee, Sang Hun,Kim, Jin Soo,Park, Yooheon Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2014 Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry Vol.78 No.10
<P>To investigate the activity of fermented deer antler on exercise endurance capacity, we evaluated endurance capacity in five-week-old male BALB/c mice by administering the fermented deer antler extract (FA) or the non-fermented deer antler extract (NFA) and then subjected the mice to exercise in the form of swimming. The mice administered 500 mg/kg/day of FA showed a significant increase in swimming time compared with mice administered placebo (16.55 min vs. 21.64 min, P<0.05). Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the marker of the liver and muscle damage, was significantly lower in FA groups. However, NFA groups did not show significantly different swimming time or serum LDH from that of the control group. Moreover, the FA-500 group had significantly higher hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity after forced swimming than the control and NFA groups (P<0.05). These findings suggest that fermentation may increase the exercise endurance capacity of the deer antler.</P>
Lee, Hyunji,Park, Yooheon,Ahn, Chang Won,Park, Soo Hyun,Jung, Eun Young,Suh, Hyung Joo The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.6
We evaluated the anti-osteoarthritic effects of deer bone extract on articular cartilage damage by using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) in rats. Male Wistar rats (6 weeks of age) were randomly divided into 5 groups (10 rats/group): sham control (SC; PBS injection + PBS 1 mL treatment); negative control (NC; MIA injection + PBS 1 mL treatment); positive control (PC; MIA injection + 250 mg/kg glucosamine sulfate/chondroitin sulfate mixture treatment); low dose (LDB; MIA injection + 250 mg/kg deer bone extract treatment); and high dose (HDB; MIA injection + 500 mg/kg deer bone extract treatment). After 50 days of treatment, we observed that the administration of deer bone extract protected against bone destruction and reduced the number of erosion lacunae. When deer bone extract was administered, the trabecular thickness distribution (Tb.Th) (LDB: <TEX>$75.9{\mu}m$</TEX>, HDB: <TEX>$80.7{\mu}m$</TEX> vs. NC: <TEX>$48.0{\mu}m$</TEX>) and the trabecular bone volume fraction ratio (BV/TV) (LDB: 43.8%, HDB: 48.2% vs. NC: 39.1%) were significantly restored. Additionally, the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) increase caused by MIA was decreased significantly with the administration of deer bone extract (LDB: <TEX>$73.4{\mu}m$</TEX>, HDB: <TEX>$81.2{\mu}m$</TEX> vs. NC: <TEX>$112.0{\mu}m$</TEX>). We concluded that the oral administration of deer bone extract effectively relieved the morphological changes induced by MIA injection in an animal model.