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Kim, Yongkyun,Han, Mooyoung,Kabubi, Julius,Sohn, Hong-Gyoo,Nguyen, Duc-Canh IWA Publishing 2016 WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -WATER SUPPLY- Vol.16 No.4
<P>This paper uses pragmatic findings and lessons learned from three case studies to deduce that community-based rainwater harvesting (CB-RWH) is an innovative solution to develop sustainable drinking water supply systems in developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia. Taking advantage of traditional community-based activities in African and Asian villages, the water supply system can be significantly improved with the introduction and implementation of CB-RWH systems. Furthermore, sustainable, safe water sources in Africa and Asia can be brought to fruition when transparent self-regulatory management systems are supported through comprehensive design and maintenance guidelines and funded from private and public sources. To this end, the potential for CB-RWH to lead toward greater resilience and sustainability was investigated. Based on case studies of three successful demonstration projects in Africa and Asia, this paper identifies 14 innovative solutions resolving technical, economic, and social problems which have been barriers preventing the wide implementation of CB-RWH in developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia. It also recommends strategies to promote CB-RWH in African and Asian villages, which include the following: implementation of more pilot projects at local levels; promotion of and education in rainwater preservation and harvesting at all levels of the education system; and innovation in micro-funding systems in cooperation with corporate social responsibility activities. These strategies will promote the implementation of CB-RWH as a mainstream and high-priority technique for national, regional, and global water strategies.</P>
The Waterless Portable Private Toilet: An Innovative Sanitation Solution in Disaster Zones
Kim, Yongkyun,Hashemi, Shervin,Han, Mooyoung,Kim, Tschungil,Sohn, Hong-Gyoo Cambridge University Press 2016 Disaster medicine and public health preparedness Vol.10 No.2
<B>Abstract</B><P>Catastrophes can occur without warning and inevitably cause short-term and long-term problems. In disaster zones, having an action plan to alleviate difficulties can reduce or prevent many long-lasting complications. One of the most critical and urgent issues is sanitation. Water, energy, personnel, transportation, and the allocation of resources in disaster areas tend to become very limited during emergencies. Sanitation systems suffer in the process, potentially leading to crises due to unsafe and unhygienic surroundings. This article explores the problems of current sanitation practices in disaster areas and identifies the essential characteristics of sustainable sanitation systems. This study also presents a plan for an innovative and sustainable sanitation system using a waterless, portable, private toilet, in addition to a procedure for collecting and disposing waste. The system is agronomic, is socially acceptable, prevents contact with human waste, and can be used for individuals or families. Environmental pollution and social problems (such as sexual harassment) can be reduced both during and after restoration. (<I>Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness</I>. 2016;10:281-285)</P>
Highly Regioselective Preparation and Characterization of New 6-O-Substituted Dieckol Derivatives
Yongkyun Kim,Jooseok Shin,Su Min Kang,Jinyoung Song,Hyeon-Cheol Shin,Young-Sam Keum,Hye Jeong Hwang,Kwangyong Park 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.91 No.-
Dieckol is a brown algae-derived polyphenol that has broad bioactivity and low toxicity. Therefore, it is apromising lead compound for the development of therapeutic agents to treat various pathologicalconditions, including viral infections, allergies, diabetes, skin ageing, cancers, and neurodegenerativeconditions. To exploit the pharmacological potential of dieckol, its stability, solubility, pharmacokinetics,and drug delivery must be improved. This can be achieved by the controlled modification of the hydroxylgroups, but the presence of eleven nearly equivalent hydroxyl groups makes the task highly challenging. In this study, the regioselectivities infive substitution reactions of the hydroxyl groups of dieckol undervarious SN2 reaction conditions were investigated. After reaction optimization,five substituents (methyl,benzyl, methoxymethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, and 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl) could be introduced at the 6-Oposition of dieckol with surprisingly high regioselectivity, as confirmed by 2D-NMR spectroscopicanalyses. The prepared dieckol derivatives showed antioxidant and anticancer activities analogous tothose of unmodified dieckol, indicating that the mono-O-substitutions did not affect the biochemical andbiological characteristics of dieckol. Therefore, the proposed methodology for the mono-O-substitutionof a specific oxygen of dieckol is a powerful tool to add various pharmaceutical attributes to dieckol, thuscontributing to the development of various dieckol-based drug candidates.
Sungho Kim,Booyong Choi,Taehwan Cho,Yongkyun Lee,Hyojin Koo,Dongsoo Kim 대한인간공학회 2016 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.35 No.5
Objective:This study aims to evaluate the features of heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory signals as indices for a driver"s drowsiness and waking status in order to develop the classification model for a driver"s drowsiness and waking status using those features. Background: Driver"s drowsiness is one of the major causal factors for traffic accidents. This study hypothesized that the application of combined bio-signals to monitor the alertness level of drivers would improve the effectiveness of the classification techniques of driver"s drowsiness. Method: The features of three heart rate variability (HRV) measurements including low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio and two respiratory measurements including peak and rate were acquired by the monotonous car driving simulation experiments using the photoplethysmogram (PPG) and respiration sensors. The experiments were repeated a total of 50 times on five healthy male participants in their 20s to 50s. The classification model was developed by selecting the optimal measurements, applying a binary logistic regression method and performing 3-fold cross validation. Results: The power of LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio, and the respiration peak of drowsiness status were reduced by 38%, 22%, 31%, and 7%, compared to those of waking status, while respiration rate was increased by 3%. The classification sensitivity of the model using both HRV and respiratory features (91.4%) was improved, compared to that of the model using only HRV feature (89.8%) and that using only respiratory feature (83.6%). Conclusion: This study suggests that the classification of driver"s drowsiness and waking status may be improved by utilizing a combination of HRV and respiratory features. Application: The results of this study can be applied to the development of driver"s drowsiness prevention systems.