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Exploration of Biological Markers of Suicidal Behavior in Major Depressive Disorder
YongKu Kim,SungDoo Won,JiWon Hur,BunHee Lee,HwaYoung Lee,SeHoon Shim,SangWoo Han,SoHyun Choi 대한신경정신의학회 2007 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.4 No.1
Objective-Most suicides occur in the context of depressive disorders. In this study, new candidate biological markers for suicide were explored. Methods-The suicidal subjects consisted of 48 depressed patients (18 males and 30 females) admitted to emergency rooms following suicide attempts. The levels of nitric oxide, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), beta-nerve growth factor (β-NGF), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) were measured in the plasma of these 48 patients and 50 normal controls. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in the culture supernatant after mitogen stimulation of whole blood from both groups. The lethality of the suicide attempt was measured using the Lethality Suicide Attempt Rating Scale (LSARS), and the Risk-Rescue Rating (RRR). Results-The suicidal depressed patients had significantly higher IL-6, TGF-β1, and nitric oxide (NO) levels compared with the normal controls after controlling for body mass. On the other hand, the BDNF, IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels were lower in the suicidal depressed patients than in the normal controls. The NO levels in the suicidal depressed patients were negatively significantly correlated with the LSARS and RRR scores. The IFN-γ levels in the suicidal depressed patients were positively correlated with the LSARS scores, but their TGF-β1 levels were negatively correlated with the LSARS scores. When the suicidal behaviors were divided into violent or nonviolent, the IL-6 and IFN-γ levels of the violent suicidal patients were significantly higher than those of the nonviolent suicidal patients. Conclusions-These results suggest that BDNF, NO, and cytokines could be useful as biological markers of suicidal behavior in major depression.
Molecular wires and gold nanoparticles as molewares for the molecular scale electronics
Changjin Lee,Yongku Kang,Kyehyung Lee,Sung Rim Kim,Do-Jae Won,Jae Sung Noh,Hoon Kyu Shin,Chung Keun Song,Young Soo Kwon,Hye-Mi So,Jinhee Kim 한국물리학회 2002 Current Applied Physics Vol.2 No.1
The continuing shrinkage of the feature sizes in microelectronics requests the use of nanolithographic technology that causes the exponential increase of cost in building the fabrication facility. Molecules can be synthesized in precisely controlled way to have nano-structures in large quantities, utilizing molecules as electronic components in the nanoelectronic circuitry may be one promising alternative of manufacturing high density chips in more affordable prices. The molecular scale electronics research has shown that molecules can be good conductors and molecular switch can be used succesfully to modulate the flow of electrons. Some of the recent progresses in molecular scale electronics are reviewed and the use of modified gold nanoparticles to assemble the devices is introduced. 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Objective Bayesian inference for the ratio of the scale parameters of two Weibull distributions
Lee, Woo Dong,Kang, Sang Gil,Kim, Yongku Taylor & Francis Inc. 2017 Communications in Statistics Vol.46 No.10
<P>The Weibull distribution is widely used due to its versatility and relative simplicity. In our paper, the non informative priors for the ratio of the scale parameters of two Weibull models are provided. The asymptotic matching of coverage probabilities of Bayesian credible intervals is considered, with the corresponding frequentist coverage probabilities. We developed the various priors for the ratio of two scale parameters using the following matching criteria: quantile matching, matching of distribution function, highest posterior density matching, and inversion of test statistics. One particular prior, which meets all the matching criteria, is found. Next, we derive the reference priors for groups of ordering. We see that all the reference priors satisfy a first-order matching criterion and that the one-at-a-time reference prior is a second-order matching prior. A simulation study is performed and an example given.</P>
Estimating dose-response curves using splines: a nonparametric Bayesian knot selection method
Lee, Jiwon,Kim, Yongku,Kim, Young Min The Korean Statistical Society 2022 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.29 No.3
In radiation epidemiology, the excess relative risk (ERR) model is used to determine the dose-response relationship. In general, the dose-response relationship for the ERR model is assumed to be linear, linear-quadratic, linear-threshold, quadratic, and so on. However, since none of these functions dominate other functions for expressing the dose-response relationship, a Bayesian semiparametric method using splines has recently been proposed. Thus, we improve the Bayesian semiparametric method for the selection of the tuning parameters for splines as the number and location of knots using a Bayesian knot selection method. Equally spaced knots cannot capture the characteristic of radiation exposed dose distribution which is highly skewed in general. Therefore, we propose a nonparametric Bayesian knot selection method based on a Dirichlet process mixture model. Inference of the spline coefficients after obtaining the number and location of knots is performed in the Bayesian framework. We apply this approach to the life span study cohort data from the radiation effects research foundation in Japan, and the results illustrate that the proposed method provides competitive curve estimates for the dose-response curve and relatively stable credible intervals for the curve.