http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
호혜적 개발협력을 위한 주요 국가의 STI 시스템 분석 및 협력방향 - 브라질, 인도를 중심으로 -
김왕동(Wangdong Kim),임덕순(Deok Soon Yim),선인경(Inkyoung Sun),김은주(Eun Joo Kim),이다은(Daeun Lee),유제현(Jehyun Yu),이정원(Jung-won Lee),김기국(Ki-Kook Kim),최용인(Yongin Choi),김원호(Wonho Kim),조충제(Chungje Jo),박민경(Minkyoung P 과학기술정책연구원 2021 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
Reciprocal development cooperation refers to “all activities in the public and private sectors that benefit the donor country’s national interest as well as poverty eradication and economic and social development in the recipient country”. The Korean governments development cooperation paradigm is expected to gradually shift from a humanitarian level to a reciprocal level. However, in the case of science and technology innovation, it is difficult to acquire information about countries that are subject to reciprocal development cooperation. Therefore, in this study, the conceptual framework for reciprocal development cooperation was established and STI systems of major countries were analyzed to provide basic STI data and to suggest directions for reciprocal development cooperation. In this study, two countries, Brazil and India, were selected for analysis by applying three criteria: “differentiation from existing research,” “relevance to national interests and national tasks,” and “possibility of securing data”. In this study, the STI system components of Brazil and India were classified and analyzed into macro-environment, STI governance, STI investment and achievements, STI human resources, STI innovative actors, and STI support organizations. The reciprocal development cooperation agenda was described focusing on three dimensions: “what”, “how” and “who”. First, in the perspective of “what”, climate change, digital transformation, infectious diseases, and other issues were derived as cooperation contents. Second, policy advice and joint research, human exchange, and so on, were suggested as cooperation methods. Third, universities, GRIs, and companies were suggested as cooperation partners. Brazils STI system is characterized by a weak national R&D budget, excellent research manpower and strong basic research, lack of connection and creation of innovation demand between universities and companies, weak industrial competitiveness, lack of science and technology policy and strategy, policy implementation, and coordination of inefficiency and slow-step administration. The characteristics of the Indian STI system include inefficient governance and lack of interconnection led by the government, insufficient investment in STI between the government and the private sector, abundant STI manpower and global talent, the pursuit of R&D activities centered on universities and public research institutes rather than the private sector, bureaucratic and bureaucratic An inefficient STI support organization was identified. In-depth interviews and consultations were conducted with experts from each country to derive the Korea-Brazil development cooperation agenda and the Korea-India development cooperation agenda. The interview and advisory groups were largely divided into policymakers(public officials) for each country, researchers(researchers and professors), and local experts(embassies and dispatchers). The detailed agenda contents are described in Chapters 6 and 7. This study is expected to contribute to the theoretical construction of the field of development cooperation, and to the derivation of the governments Korea-Brazil and Korea-India STI cooperation agenda. The study also can contribute to the demand for STI system information of Brazil and India. However, this study has limitations in responding to more demand by the government by selecting Brazil and India as two countries for reciprocal development cooperation. Therefore many more countries besides Brazil and India should be explored in the future. In addition, in order to improve the reliability and validity of the STI cooperation agenda between Korea-Brazil and Korea-India, interviews and consultations with more experts are required.
Early evolution of the Duwibong Unit of the lower Paleozoic Joseon Supergroup, Korea: A new view
Yongin Kim,Yong Il Lee 한국지질과학협의회 2006 Geosciences Journal Vol.10 No.4
This study proposes the revised stratigraphy of thelower part of the Duwibong Unit of the lower Paleozoic JoseonSupergroup that the Myobong Formation is the lowermost stra-tum. The Jangsan Formation, which has long been regarded as thelowermost stratum of the Unit, is likely to be of late Proterozoic inage. It is also proposed that the Myeonsan and Myobong forma-in the early stage is interpreted to be the local proximal facieswhich was overlain by the Myobong Formation in the late stage.This new interpretation is based on the presence of the unconfor-mity between the Jangsan and Myobong formations observed intwo areas (Dongjeom area, Taebaek City and Deogam area,Imgye-Myeon, Jeongseon-Gun). Sandstone facies in the topmostpart of the Myeonsan Formation is gradually overlain by siltstoneto mudstone facies of the Myobong Formation. In addition, Myo-bong mudstone is geochemically similar to Myeonsan mudstone.The similarity in lithologies among Jangsan sandstone, quartza-renite gravelly clasts in the Myeonsan Formation and the newlydefined late Proterozoic stratum (Kim and Lee, 2003a) immedi-ately underlying the Myeonsan Formation provides additional evi-dence that the Jangsan Formation is not the lowermost stratum ofthe Duwibong Unit but the source rocks of quartzarenite gravellyclasts of the Myeonsan Formation.
A new Late Proterozoic stratum in South Korea
Yongin Kim,Yong IL Lee 한국지질과학협의회 2003 Geosciences Journal Vol.7 No.1
The Myeonsan Formation, the lowermost strata ofthe lower Paleozoic sequence, has basal conglomerate, which con-sists mostly of orthoquartzite and granitic gneiss clasts. The latterwas derived from the basement rock (the Taebaeksan Gneiss Com-plex) underlying the Myeonsan Formation. However, a Precam-brian sedimentary sequence, which is supposed to have suppliedorthoquartzite clasts, has not been reported in South Korea. Thisstudy reports a newly definable Proterozoic stratum, less than 10cm thick, formerly known as the lowermost part of the MyeonsanFormation. It is different from the lithology of the Myeonsan For-mation, but is same in petrographical and geochemical character-istics to orthoquartzite clasts in basal conglomerate of the MyeonsanFormation. This stratum is interpreted to have been a source rockof orthoquartzite clasts to the lower Paleozoic basin. It is inter-preted that the orthoquartzite sequence had been deposited in theLate Proterozoic, which is correlatable with the Guhyeon Systemin North Korea.
Cheong, Yongin,Kim, Changhee,Kim, Mi-Bo,Hwang, Jae-Kwan Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.1
Ultraviolet (UV) light, a main cause of photoaging, leads to collapse of skin structure, resulting in wrinkle formation and dehydration. The present study assessed the anti-photoaging and moisturizing effects of Bouea macrophylla extract (BRE). UVB-irradiated hairless mice were orally administered with BME (300 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. BME ameliorated wrinkle formation, skin thickening, and inelasticity. BME upregulated COL1A1, COL3A1, COL4A1, and COL7A1 mRNA levels through activation of the transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ ($TGF-{\beta}$)/Smad pathway, thereby recovering the content of collagen reduced by UVB. Further, BME suppressed UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-13 expression and inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity by mediating the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/activator protein-1 (AP-1). BME improved moisture content by stimulating the expression of cornified envelope proteins and filaggrin-processing enzymes. Overall, the results show that BME prevents photoaging and promotes moisturization in UVB-irradiated hairless mice, suggesting its potential as a nutraceutical candidate for anti-photoaging and moisturizing effects.