Baicalin attenuates TNBS-induced colitis in rats by modulating the Th17/Treg paradigm

Ying Zou,Shi-Xue Dai,Hong-Gang Chi,Tao Li,Zhi-Wei He,Jian Wang,Cai-Guo Ye,Guo-Liang Huang,Bing Zhao,Wen-Yang Li,Zheng Wan,Jin-Shan Feng,Xue-Bao Zheng 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.10

Baicalin, a flavonoid, has a wide range ofpharmacological properties, including immunomodulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect ofbaicalin on the balance of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatoryT (Treg) cells in a colitis model. The rat colitis modelwas induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS). Baicalin (10 ml/kg, each) or mesalazine (positivecontrol) was then administered orally for 7 days. Inflammatoryand immunological responses were evaluated bypathology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-timepolymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and flowcytometry. Our study showed that baicalin not only significantlyattenuated TNBS-induced colitis by reducing thedisease activity index as well as macroscopic and microscopicscores, but it also improved the weight loss andshortening of the colon. Baicalin treatment also induced asignificant decrease in the levels of inflammatory mediators,including the myeloperoxidase activity, the levels oftumor necrosis factor a, IL-1b, and Th1-related cytokinesIL-12 and IFN-c. Furthermore, the beneficial effects ofbaicalin seem to be associated with regulation of the Th17and Treg paradigm. We found that administration ofbaicalin significantly downregulated the number of Th17cells and the levels of Th17-related cytokines (IL-17 andIL-6) and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor ct. In contrast, there was an increase in Treg cells numbers,Treg-related cytokines transforming growth factor-b andIL-10, and forkhead box P3. Our results suggest that theanti-inflammatory effect of baicalin may be linked tomodulation of the balance between Th17 and Treg cells inTNBS-induced ulcerative colitis.

한국어교육에서 유의어 연구의 현황 및 과제

추육영 ( Yu Ying Zou ) 겨레어문학회 2015 겨레어문학 Vol.54 No.-

최근에 들어, 외국어로서의 한국어 교육은 어휘중심교육으로 점차 변화함에 따라 많은 학자들은 어휘 교육에 관심을 두고 있으며, 어휘 교육과 관련된 논문들도 많이 발표되었다. 그리고 연구의 세부분야를 살펴보면, 단순히 어휘의 양적 능력보다 어휘의 질적 능력을 향상시키는데 주목을 하고 있다. 일반적으로, 질적 능력은 주로 의미에 대한 지식 파악을 통해 이루어지며, 유의어를 이용한 어휘 확장 방법을 많이 사용하게 되었다. 특히 유의어를 많이 가진 한국어 어휘 학습에 있어서 더욱 그렇다. 한국어 어휘 교육 논의에서 유의어와 관련된 논문이 나타나며, 품사별, 대상별 유의어 교육 학습 방안의 제시 등의 연구는 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 유의어 교육에 관한 연구도 중요하지만 지금까지의 연구 성과를 면밀히 검토하고 분석하여 앞으로 외국어로서의 한국어 유의어 교육이 나아갈 방향을 설정하는 일은 어휘의 질적 능력을 향상시키는데 기초를 마련할 수 있으며 의미가 있는 작업이라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 유의어 연구사를 돌아보는 일은 유의어 분야의 학문적 발전을 도모할 수 있다는 점에서 커다란 의의를 지닌다. 본 연구는 한국어 유의어교육과 관련된 논의들을 살펴보고, 향후 외국어로서의 한국어교육 분야의 유의어 교육의 올바른 연구방향을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해서 먼저 기존 한국어 유의어교육과 관련된 논의들을 학회지와 대학원 졸업논문들에 중심에 두어, 3가지 선정 방법에 따라 연구대상 논문들을 60편으로 확정시키며 그간의 연구 성과를 시대별, 대상별로 정리할 것이다. 2장에서는 시대별로 한국어 유의어교육과 관련된 60편 논문들을 도표로 체계화시킬 것이며 3장에서는 60편 논문에 대하여 대상별로 각 논문의 주된 내용을 요약하고 미진한 부분을 지적할 것이다. 이를 통하여 향후 외국어로서의 한국어 교육 분야의 유의어 교육의 올바른 연구방향을 제시한다. The focus of Korean as a Foreign Language education (KFL) is slowly turning to vocabulary education. The Korean language contains many synonyms and many researchers seeking to expand improve vocabulary learning. Although the synonym study is also very important, but the summary of existing research will also play an active role on the direction of future research and research content. This study reviews the current trends of Korean synonym research published in journals and graduate thesis and dissertations based on the year of the publication and research topics. This study contributes in promoting the understanding of domestic synonym, and at the same time illustrates gaps in the research content and methods. First, this study examined 60 journal articles and graduate papers of KFL category research , then classified by publication date and research topic. Second, we provide an overview and analysis of the main content of the papers. Thought that we can find many studies did not specify the reasons of the selected word, most studies have focused on verbs, adjectives, adverbs or nouns, but focus less on words. In addition, a lot of papers used the questionnaire method for their study. The diversity and objectivity of the survey still need to be improved. Finally, taking into account the existing problems in the current paper, we suggest the future direction of research hoping to Korean synonym research.

Expression of TS, RRM1, ERCC1, TUBB3 and STMN1 Genes in Tissues of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and its Significance in Guiding Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Zou, Zhi-Qiang,Du, Yi-Ying,Sui, Gang,Xu, Shi-Ning Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Background: To explore the expression of TS, RRM, ERCC1, TUBB3 and STMN1 genes in the tissues of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its significance in guiding the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to detect the expression of TS, RRM, ERCC1, TUBB3 and STMN1 genes in the tissues of NSCLC patients so as to analyze the relationship between the expression of each gene and the clinical characteristics and to guide the postoperative individualized chemotherapy according to the detection results of NSCLC patients. Results: Expression of TS gene was evidently higher in patients with adenocarcinoma than those with non-adenocarcinoma (P=0.013) and so was the expression of ERCC1 (P=0.003). The expression of TUBB3 gene was obviously higher in NSCLC patients in phases I/II and IV than those in phase III ($P_1=0.021$; $P_2=0.004$), and it was also markedly higher in patients without lymph node metastasis than those with (P=0.008). The expression of STMN1 gene was apparently higher in patients in phase I/II than those in phase IV (P=0.002). There was no significant difference between the rest gene expression and the clinical characteristics of NSCLC patients (P>0.05). Additionally, the diseasefree survival (DFS) was significantly longer in patients receiving gene detections than those without (P=0.021). Conclusions: The selection of chemotherapeutic protocols based singly on patients' clinical characteristics has certain blindness. However, the detection of tumor-susceptible genes can guide the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and prolong the DFS of NSCLC patients.

The finite element model of pre-twisted Euler beam based on general displacement solution

Ying Huang,Chang Hong Chen,Haoran Zou,Yao Yao 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.69 No.5

Based on the displacement general solution of a pre-twisted Euler-Bernoulli beam, the shape function and stiffness matrix are deduced, and a new finite element model is proposed. Comparison analyses are made between the new proposed numerical model based on displacement general solution and the ANSYS solution by Beam188 element based on infinite approach. The results show that developed numerical model is available for the pre-twisted Euler-Bernoulli beam, and that also provide an accuracy finite element model for the numerical analysis. The effects of pre-twisted angle and flexural stiffness ratio on the mechanical property are also investigated.

Residual Stress in Oil and Gas Pipelines with Two Types of Dents during Different Lifecycle Stages

Ying Wu,Rong Zou,Yihuan Wang,Guojin Qin 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.6

The residual stress at a dented area is critical to oil and gas pipelines’ integrity and safe operation. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element-based model was developed to investigate the residual stresses in two typical dented areas during the lifecycle stages (pipeline construction and pipeline operation stages). Use of this model enables study of the distribution of the maximum residual stress (σRS) in the dented area. The effects of indenter size, pipeline size, internal pressure and dent depth on the residual stress of two types of dented pipelines were analyzed. A nonlinear regression analysis was used to obtain multi-factor formulas for predicting the σRS for different dents during different lifecycle stages. The results show that the σRS distribution in the dented area changes with dent depth. With σRS for a transversal dent being almost always greater than that for a longitudinal dent. During the pipeline construction stage, the influence of indenter size or pipeline size on σRS is almost the same for the two types of dent, whereas, during the pipeline operation stage, the influences are distinct. The tendency for pipeline size to affect σRS differs slightly as the dent depth increases. Multivariate fitting formulas can provide a reference for estimating σRS.

The linear elastic stiffness matrix model analysis of pre twisted Euler Bernoulli beam

Ying Huang,Haoran Zou,Chang Hong Chen,Songlin Bai,Yao Yao,Leon M. Keer 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.72 No.5

Based on the finite element method of traditional straight Euler-Bernoulli beams and the coupled relations between linear displacement and angular displacement of a pre-twisted Euler-Bernoulli beam, the shape functions and stiffness matrix are deduced. Firstly, the stiffness of pre-twisted Euler-Bernoulli beam is developed based on the traditional straight Euler-Bernoulli beam. Then, a new finite element model is proposed based on the displacement general solution of a pre-twisted Euler-Bernoulli beam. Finally, comparison analyses are made among the proposed Euler-Bernoulli model, the new numerical model based on displacement general solution and the ANSYS solution by Beam188 element based on infinite approach. The results show that developed numerical models are available for the pre-twisted Euler-Bernoulli beam, and which provide more accurate finite element model for the numerical analysis. The effects of pre-twisted angle and flexural stiffness ratio on the mechanical property are investigated.

Fermentation Optimization and Industrialization of Recombinant Saccharopolyspora erythraea Strains for Improved Erythromycin A Production

Xiang Zou,Chang-fa Chen,Xia-chang Qi,Jiang-chao Qian,Ju Chu,Ying-ping Zhuang,Si-liang Zhang,Wei Zeng,Wan-jun Li 한국생물공학회 2010 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.15 No.6

Improvement of Erythromycin A (Er-A) production and purity by metabolic engineering of the industrial erythromycin-producing strains Saccharopolyspora erythraea strians ZL1004 and ZL1007, in which the amounts of tailoring enzymes EryK (a P450 hydroxylase)and EryG (an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent O-methyltransferase)for biotransformation of Erythromycin D to Er-A were modulated, was performed in a 50 L fermentor. Addition of 15 g/L of corn steep liquor to the medium increased Er-A production; maximum Er-A production was 8,196 U/mL at 191 h, which was 81.8% higher than that of control (4,507 U/mL at 184 h). Er-B impurities were completely eliminated, whereas Er-C impurities were only 153 U/mL at 191 h. Analysis of intra- and extracellular metabolites and key enzyme activities in central carbon metabolism revealed that the pool of TCA cycle intermediates was enhanced by the addition of corn steep liquor and induced an increase in erythromycin biosynthesis. There were no significant differences between strains ZL1004 and ZL1007 regarding Er-A production and impurity accumulation. Compared to wild type strain,Er-A production was improved by 23.9% while Er-C was reduced by 83.9% and Er-B was completely eliminated. Furthermore, fermentation of recombinant strain ZL1004was successfully scaled up from laboratory scale (50 L fermentor) to industrial scale (25 and 132 m3), with similar levels of Er-A production and purity obtained.

PEG-mediated transduction of rAAV as a platform for spatially confined and efficient gene delivery

Liang Zou,Jinfen Wang,Ying Fang,Huihui Tian 한국생체재료학회 2022 생체재료학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Background: Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) are commonly used vectors for gene delivery in both basic neuroscience and clinical applications due to their nonpathogenic, minimally immunogenic, and sustained expression properties. However, several challenges remain for the wide-scale rAAV applications, including poor infection of many clinically important cell lines, insufficient expression at low titers, and diffusive transduction in vivo. Methods: In this work, PEG, which is a safe and non-toxic polymer of ethylene oxide monomer, was applied as an auxiliary transduction agent to improve the expression of rAAV. In detail, a small dose of PEG was added into the rAAV solution for the transgene expression in cell lines in vitro, and in the central nervous system (CNS) in vivo. The biocompatibility of PEG enhancer was assessed by characterizing the immune responses, cell morphology, cell tropism of rAAV, neuronal apoptosis, as well as motor function of animals. Results: The results show that small dose of PEG additive can effectively improve the gene expression characteristics of rAAV both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, the PEG additive allows efficient transgene expression in cell lines that are difficult to be transfected with rAAV alone. In vivo studies show that the PEG additive can promote a spatially confined and efficient transgene expression of low-titer rAAV in the brain over long terms. In addition, no obvious side effects of PEG were observed on CNS in the biocompatibility studies. Conclusions: This spatially confined and efficient transduction method can facilitate the applications of rAAV in fundamental research, especially in the precise dissection of neural circuits, and also improve the capabilities of rAAV in the treatment of neurological diseases which originate from the disorders of small nuclei in the brain.

Substituent Effects of Accelerator on Nitroxide-Mediated Radical Polymerization

Jian-ying Huang,Jia-ming Zhuang,You-si Zou 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.8

The acceleration effect of various agents on the rate of styrene bulk polymerization in 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO) mediated polymerization was investigated, including dimethyl malonate (DMM), diethyl methyl malonate (DEMM), diethyl tert-butylmalonate (DEBM), diethyl diethylmalonate (DEDEM), 3-methyl-2,4-pentanedione (MPD), acetyl malononitrile (Ac-MN), and dimethyl malononitrile (DM-MN). Polymerization with the additive proceeded in a living manner, as indicated by keeping a low polydispersity and increasing the molecular weight with the reaction time and conversion. The structure of the styrene polymerization did not change in the presence of these additives. The monomer conversion efficiency was approximately 99% and maintained a relatively narrow polydispersity of 1.29 with the optimal [Ac-MN]/[TEMPO] molar ratios of 4 in 1.5 h. With the accelerator,dipole/dipole interactions led to a weakening of the C-ON bond and an acceleration of the reaction. There is a trend for a higher polymerization rate with more electron-withdrawing substituents.

Synthesis, Characterization, Charge Transport, and Photovoltaic Properties of Dithienobenzoquinoxaline- and Dithienobenzopyridopyrazine-Based Conjugated Polymers

Zhang, Yong,Zou, Jingyu,Yip, Hin-Lap,Chen, Kung-Shih,Davies, Joshua A.,Sun, Ying,Jen, Alex K.-Y. American Chemical Society 2011 Macromolecules Vol.44 No.12

<P>Two donor–acceptor polymers (<B>P1</B> and <B>P2</B>) based on dithienobenzoquinoxaline (<B>M1</B>) and dithienobenzopyridopyrazine (<B>M2</B>) as acceptor and indacenodithiophene as donor were synthesized via Stille polycondensation. The fused dithienobenzene unit in <B>M1</B> and <B>M2</B> units can improve the intermolecular stacking of polymer and also decrease the steric hindrance. <B>P1</B>, with dithienobenzoquinoxaline acceptor, shows a band gap of 1.61 eV. The band gap of <B>P2</B> was reduced to 1.48 eV after changing to dithienobenzopyridopyrazine as the acceptor unit. The mobilities of <B>P1</B> and <B>P2</B> reach 5.6 × 10<SUP>–2</SUP> and 1.5 × 10<SUP>–2</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>–1</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP>, respectively. The results from photovoltaic measurements showed a very promising PCE of 6.06% for the <B>P1</B>/PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM blend system without any thermal or solvent treatments, showing a great offer for the roll-to-roll manufacturing of PSCs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2011/mamobx.2011.44.issue-12/ma2008699/production/images/medium/ma-2011-008699_0004.gif'></P>