Anonymizing Graphs Against Weight-based Attacks with Community Preservation

Li, Yidong,Shen, Hong Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2011 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.5 No.3

The increasing popularity of graph data, such as social and online communities, has initiated a prolific research area in knowledge discovery and data mining. As more real-world graphs are released publicly, there is growing concern about privacy breaching for the entities involved. An adversary may reveal identities of individuals in a published graph, with the topological structure and/or basic graph properties as background knowledge. Many previous studies addressing such attacks as identity disclosure, however, concentrate on preserving privacy in simple graph data only. In this paper, we consider the identity disclosure problem in weighted graphs. The motivation is that, a weighted graph can introduce much more unique information than its simple version, which makes the disclosure easier. We first formalize a general anonymization model to deal with weight-based attacks. Then two concrete attacks are discussed based on weight properties of a graph, including the sum and the set of adjacent weights for each vertex. We also propose a complete solution for the weight anonymization problem to prevent a graph from both attacks. In addition, we also investigate the impact of the proposed methods on community detection, a very popular application in the graph mining field. Our approaches are efficient and practical, and have been validated by extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets.

Anonymizing Graphs Against Weight-based Attacks with Community Preservation

Yidong Li,Hong Shen 한국정보과학회 2011 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.5 No.3

The increasing popularity of graph data, such as social and online communities, has initiated a prolific research area in knowledge discovery and data mining. As more real-world graphs are released publicly, there is growing concern about privacy breaching for the entities involved. An adversary may reveal identities of individuals in a published graph, with the topological structure and/or basic graph properties as background knowledge. Many previous studies addressing such attacks as identity disclosure, however, concentrate on preserving privacy in simple graph data only. In this paper, we consider the identity disclosure problem in weighted graphs. The motivation is that, a weighted graph can introduce much more unique information than its simple version, which makes the disclosure easier. We first formalize a general anonymization model to deal with weight-based attacks. Then two concrete attacks are discussed based on weight properties of a graph, including the sum and the set of adjacent weights for each vertex. We also propose a complete solution for the weight anonymization problem to prevent a graph from both attacks. In addition, we also investigate the impact of the proposed methods on community detection, a very popular application in the graph mining field. Our approaches are efficient and practical, and have been validated by extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets.

Contribution of Aboveground Litter Decomposition to Soil Respiration in a Subtropical Coniferous Plantation in Southern China

Yidong Wang,Huimin Wang,Zeqing Ma,Wuefa Wen,Qingkang Li,Yunfen Liu,Wiaomin Sun,Guirui Yu 한국기상학회 2009 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.45 No.2

Soil CO₂ efflux (RS) was monitored in a 23-year-old subtropical coniferous plantation in southern China from January 2004 to December 2006. Field measurements of RS with litterfall (CK) and without litterfall (NL) were conducted to evaluate the contribution of aboveground litter decomposition to RS. The results indicated that annual RS from CK ranged from 11.5 mg (C) m<SUP>-2</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP> in 2004 to 186.2 ㎎ (C) m<SUP>-2</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP> in 2006. The RS of NL was significantly lower than the RS of CK. RS was mainly determined by soil temperature (TS), but it was also affected by soil moisture. Together, both factors explained > 70%of the observed variations in RS. The temperature sensitivity (Q<SUB>10</SUB>) of RS from NLwas lower than that from CK by considering the soil moisture effect. On average, the annual RS of the coniferous plantation was estimated to be 669 g (C)m<SUP>-2</SUP>yr<SUP>-1</SUP> over the study period. The litterfall greatly enhanced the RS, and the respiration from aboveground litter accounted for about 33% of the total RS, in which the fresh litterfall decomposition accounted for a large proportion. The carbon pool of aboveground litter in this young conifer forest is expected to increase continuously.

Kinetic Resolution of Allylic Alcohol with Chiral BINOL-Based Alkoxides: A Combination of Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Liu, Yidong,Liu, Song,Li, Dongmei,Zhang, Nan,Peng, Lei,Ao, Jun,Song, Choong Eui,Lan, Yu,Yan, Hailong American Chemical Society 2019 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.141 No.2

<P>The development and characterization of enantioselective catalytic kinetic resolution of allylic alcohols through asymmetric isomerization with chiral BINOL derivatives-based alkoxides as bifunctional Brønsted base catalysts were described in the study. A number of chiral BINOL derivatives-based alkoxides were synthesized, and their structure-enantioselectivity correlation study in asymmetric isomerization identified a promising chiral Brønsted base catalyst, which afforded various chiral secondary allylic alcohols (ee up to 99%, <I>S</I> factor up to >200). In the mechanistic study, alkoxide species were identified as active species and the phenol group of BINOL largely affected the high reactivity and enantioselectivity via hydrogen bonding between the chiral Brønsted base catalyst and substrates. The strategy is the first successful synthesis strategy of various chiral secondary allylic alcohols through enantioselective transition-metal-free base-catalyzed isomerization. The applicability of the strategy had been demonstrated by the synthesis of the bioactive natural product (+)-veraguensin.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 and 6 regulate <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>-induced ethylene production in Arabidopsis

Han, Ling,Li, Guo-Jing,Yang, Kwang-Yeol,Mao, Guohong,Wang, Ruigang,Liu, Yidong,Zhang, Shuqun Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 The Plant journal Vol.64 No.1

<P>Summary</P><P>Plants challenged by pathogens, especially necrotrophic fungi such as <I>Botrytis cinerea</I>, produce high levels of ethylene. At present, the signaling pathways underlying the induction of ethylene after pathogen infection are largely unknown. MPK6, an Arabidopsis stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was previously shown to regulate the stability of ACS2 and ACS6, two type I ACS isozymes (1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase). Phosphorylation of ACS2 and ACS6 by MPK6 prevents rapid degradation of ACS2/ACS6 by the 26S proteasome pathway, resulting in an increase in cellular ACS activity and ethylene biosynthesis. Here, we show that MPK3, which shares high homology and common upstream MAPK kinases with MPK6, is also capable of phosphorylating ACS2 and ACS6. In the <I>mpk3</I> mutant background, ethylene production in gain-of-function <I>GVG-NtMEK2</I><SUP><I>DD</I></SUP> transgenic plants was compromised, suggesting that MPK6 and MPK3 function together to stabilize ACS2 and ACS6. Using a liquid-cultured seedling system, we found that <I>B. cinerea</I>-induced ethylene biosynthesis was greatly compromised in <I>mpk3/mpk6</I> double mutant seedlings. In contrast, ethylene production decreased only slightly in the <I>mpk6</I> single mutant and not at all in the <I>mpk3</I> single mutant, demonstrating overlapping roles for these two highly homologous MAPKs in pathogen-induced ethylene induction. Consistent with the role of MPK3/MPK6 in the process, mutation of <I>ACS2</I> and <I>ACS6</I>, two genes encoding downstream substrates of MPK3/MPK6, also reduced <I>B. cinerea</I>-induced ethylene production. The residual levels of ethylene induction in the <I>acs2/acs6</I> double mutant suggest the involvement of additional ACS isoforms, possibly regulated by MAPK-independent pathway(s).</P>

Economic performance of cable supported bridges

Bin Sun,Li-wen Zhang,Yidong Qin,Ru-cheng Xiao 국제구조공학회 2016 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.59 No.4

A new cable-supported bridge model consisting of suspension parts, self-anchored cable-stayed parts and earth-anchored cable-stayed parts is presented. The new bridge model can be used for suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, cable-stayed suspension bridges, and partially earth-anchored cable-stayed bridges by varying parameters. Based on the assumption that each structural member is in either an axial compressive or tensile state, and the stress in each member is equal to the allowable stress of the material, the material quantity for each component is calculated. By introducing the unit cost of each type of material, the estimation formula for the cost of the new bridge model is developed. Numerical examples show that the results from the estimation formula agree well with that from the real projects. The span limit of cable supported bridge depends on the span-to-height ratio and the density-to-strength ratio of cables. Finally, a parametric study is illustrated aiming at the relations between three key geometrical parameters and the cost of the bridge model. The optimization of the new bridge model indicates that the self-anchored cable-stayed part is always the dominant part with the consideration of either the lowest total cost or the lowest unit cost. It is advisable to combine all three mentioned structural parts in super long span cable supported bridges to achieve the most excellent economic performance.

Extracellular products-mediated interspecific interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli

Yuan Yang,Li Jing,Lin Jiafu,Pan Wenjuan,Chu Yiwen,Prithiviraj Balakrishnan,Guo Yidong,Wang Xinrong,Zhao Kelei 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.1

The Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa adopts several elaborate strategies to colonize a wide range of natural or clinical niches and to overcome the neighboring bacterial competitors in polymicrobial communities. However, the relationship and interaction mechanism of P. aeruginosa with other bacterial pathogens remains largely unexplored. Here we explore the interaction dynamics of P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, which frequently coinfect the lungs of immunocompromised hosts, by using a series of on-plate proximity assays and RNA-sequencing. We show that the extracellular products of P. aeruginosa can inhibit the growth of neighboring E. coli and induce a large-scale of transcriptional reprogramming of E. coli, especially in terms of cellular respiration- related primary metabolisms and membrane components. In contrast, the presence of E. coli has no significant effect on the growth of P. aeruginosa in short-term culture, but causes a dysregulated expression of genes positively controlled by the quorum-sensing (QS) system of P. aeruginosa during subsequent pairwise culture. We further demonstrate that the divergent QS-regulation of P. aeruginosa may be related to the function of the transcriptional regulator PqsR, which can be enhanced by E. coli culture supernatant to increase the pyocyanin production by P. aeruginosa in the absence of the central las-QS system. Moreover, the extracellular products of E. coli promote the proliferation and lethality of P. aeruginosa in infecting the Caenorhabditis elegans model. The current study provides a general characterization of the extracellular products-mediated interactions between P. aeruginosa and E. coli, and may facilitate the understanding of polymicrobial infections.

Enantioselective Synthesis of <i>anti</i>–<i>syn</i>-Trihalides and <i>anti</i>–<i>syn</i>–<i>anti</i>-Tetrahalides via Asymmetric β-Elimination

Tan, Yu,Luo, Shilong,Li, Dongmei,Zhang, Nan,Jia, Shiqi,Liu, Yidong,Qin, Wenling,Song, Choong Eui,Yan, Hailong American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.139 No.18

<P>Structural motifs containing contiguous halide bearing stereocenters are common in natural products as well as bioactive molecules. A few successful examples have been reported in the area of asymmetric vicinal dihalogenation of alkenes for accessing dihalogenated products; in this report, an alternative generation method of contiguous halide-bearing stereocenters alpha,beta,gamma,delta relative to carbonyl group in excellent enantioselectivity is proposed by utilizing a Song's oligoEG catalyst-catalyzed asymmetric beta-elimination. According to this methodology, a wide range of anti-syn-trihalides and anti-syn-anti-tetrahalides with high levels of enantioselectivity were synthesized. The synthetic utility of the contiguous halide-bearing stereocenters was demonstrated by several transformations. The results of high-resolution mass spectrometry indicated that the favorable interaction between catalyst and one of the enantiomers of racemic contiguously multihalogenated ketone contributed to the original enantioselectivity of dehydrohalogenation. A deuterium kinetic isotope effect experiment revealed that this beta-elimination reaction proceeds by the E2 mechanism. This strategy opens a new pathway for the asymmetric synthesis of contiguous halide bearing stereocenters of great complexity.</P>

A Novel Distributed Clustering-based MDS Algorithm for Nodes Localization in WSNs

Guoyong Dai,Chunyu Miao,Yidong Li,Keji Mao,Qingzhang Chen 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.8 No.2

Localization of sensors nodes is a key and fundamental issue in wireless sensor networks due to random deployment. In this paper, we propose a tree based clustering (TBC) multidimensional scaling algorithm for wireless sensor networks with the purpose of overcoming the shortage of classical MDS algorithms in its localization accuracy and computing complexity. Clustering is adopted to degrade the problem scale in our approach and a moderate number of common nodes between clusters are kept during clustering. Inner cluster local coordinates are calculated and then mapped into global coordinates according to the tree structure formed by clustering. Simulations on MATLAB are conducted and the results show that the proposed algorithm has better localization coverage and higher accuracy than the traditional MDS based algorithms.

Hardware Implementation of Two-level Scheduling Algorithm in μC/OS-II

Guangwu Zhang,Yan Li,Yidong Chen,Huaiguo Dong,Huanhuan Chi,Min Shi,Junfeng Gao 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.4

Aiming at the problem that μC/OS-II does not support round-robin scheduling of the same priority task, a two-level hybrid task scheduling strategy was proposed. In the first level, by putting the task priority as criterion for task scheduling, a preemptive scheduling of different priority task was implemented. And in the second level, adopting time slice circulars scheduling strategy, round-robin scheduling of same priority task was implemented. The waiting list of tasks was designed by on-chip registers of FPGA and the ready list of tasks was designed by RAM of FPGA, and to implement time slice circulars scheduling, hardware circuit for finding successor of task was designed. The system adopted VHDL, and simulated by the software ISE10.1. The simulation results show that the hardware implementation of the system is well-worked.