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Experimental study of the behavior of beam-column connections with expanded beam flanges
Hongwei Ma,Jiwei Wang,Eric M. Lui,Zeqing Wan,Kun Wang 국제구조공학회 2019 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.31 No.3
This paper describes an experimental study of steel beam-column connections with or without expanded beam flanges with different geometries. The objectives of this study are to elucidate the cyclic behavior of these connections, identify the location of the plastic hinge zone, and provide useful test data for future numerical simulations. Five connection specimens are designed and tested under cyclic load. The test setup consists of a beam and a column connected together by a connection with or without expanded beam flanges. A constant axial force is applied to the column and a time varying point load is applied to the free end of the beam, inducing shear and moment in the connection. Because the only effect to be studied in the present work is the expanded beam flange, the sizes of the beam and column as well as the magnitude of the axial force in the column are kept constant. However, the length, width and shape of the expanded beam flanges are varied. The responses of these connections in terms of their hysteretic behavior, failure modes, stiffness degradation and strain variations are experimentally obtained and discussed. The test results show that while the influence of the expanded beam flanges on hysteretic behavior, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity of the connection is relatively minor, the size of the expanded beam flanges does affect the location of the plastic hinge zone and strain variations in these beam-column joints. Furthermore, in terms of ductility, moment and rotational capacities, all five connections behave well. No weld fracture or premature failure occurs before the formation of a plastic hinge in the beam.
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Yidong Wang,Huimin Wang,Zeqing Ma,Wuefa Wen,Qingkang Li,Yunfen Liu,Wiaomin Sun,Guirui Yu 한국기상학회 2009 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.45 No.2
Soil CO₂ efflux (RS) was monitored in a 23-year-old subtropical coniferous plantation in southern China from January 2004 to December 2006. Field measurements of RS with litterfall (CK) and without litterfall (NL) were conducted to evaluate the contribution of aboveground litter decomposition to RS. The results indicated that annual RS from CK ranged from 11.5 mg (C) m<SUP>-2</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP> in 2004 to 186.2 ㎎ (C) m<SUP>-2</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP> in 2006. The RS of NL was significantly lower than the RS of CK. RS was mainly determined by soil temperature (TS), but it was also affected by soil moisture. Together, both factors explained > 70%of the observed variations in RS. The temperature sensitivity (Q<SUB>10</SUB>) of RS from NLwas lower than that from CK by considering the soil moisture effect. On average, the annual RS of the coniferous plantation was estimated to be 669 g (C)m<SUP>-2</SUP>yr<SUP>-1</SUP> over the study period. The litterfall greatly enhanced the RS, and the respiration from aboveground litter accounted for about 33% of the total RS, in which the fresh litterfall decomposition accounted for a large proportion. The carbon pool of aboveground litter in this young conifer forest is expected to increase continuously.
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