Effect of Saponin Fraction from Platycodon grandiflorum on Clinical Chemical Changes in TCDD (2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin)-induced Rat Toxicity

Kwak, Yi-Seong,Moon, You-Jin,Kyung, Jong-Soo,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Rhee, Man Hee 대한의생명과학회 2020 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.26 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of crude saponin from Platycodon grandiflorum on Clinical chemical parameters in male rats acutely exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin (TCDD). Crude saponin was prepared from Korean Platycodon grandiflorum with Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography after extraction of 80% ethanol at 75℃. The crude saponin was confirmed by thin layer chrmatography. When compared with ginseng saponins, the crude saponin had both a few number of saponins and a broad distribution. Forty male rats (200±20 g) were divided into 4 groups. Normal control (NC) group received vehicle and saline; TCDD-treated (TT) group received TCDD (40 ㎍/kg, single dose) intraperitoneally; Platycodon grandiflorum saponin (PG5 and PG10) groups received crude saponin 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg (p.o), respectively, for 2 weeks before 1 week of TCDD-exposure. Increase of body weight was retarded greatly by TCDD-exposure. Body weight of animals in TT group was significantly decrease after 2 days of TCDD-exposure. However, body weights of animals in PG groups increased through the experimental perimental period, although the increasing rate was slower than that of NC group. Increases in contents of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) and activities of amylase, lipase, AST, ALT and LDH by toxic action of TCDD were significantly attenuated by crude saponin from Platycodon grandiflorum (P<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that crude saponin prepared from Korean Platycodon grandiflorum might be a member of useful protective agents against TCDD, which is one of the environmental hormones.

Anti-hyperlipidemic Effects of Red Ginseng Acidic Polysaccharide from Korean Red Ginseng

Kwak, Yi-Seong,Kyung, Jong-Soo,Kim, Jong Soo,Cho, Jae Youl,Rhee, Man-Hee Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2010 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.33 No.3

<P>It has been reported that red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP), isolated from Korean red ginseng, displays immunostimulatory and anti-tumor activities. In a follow-up study, we have carried out a study on the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of RGAP using hyperlipidemic rats acutely induced by Triton WR1339 or corn oil intravenously injected. Oral administration of RGAP (100 to 1000 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced the serum levels of triglyceride (TG) up-regulated by Triton WR1339, an inducer of endogenous model hyperlipidemia. Moreover, RGAP treatment was shown to significantly decrease the levels of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concomitant with TG reduction. However, such reduction effects were not observed in cases of total cholesterol (TC) and phospholipid levels increased under the same conditions, although there was an inhibitory tendency. Similar suppressive patterns were also seen in hepatic parameters (total lipids and TG) under the same conditions. The exogenous hyperlipidemic rat condition triggered by corn oil also supported the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of RGAP in serum and hepatic parameters of TG and NEFA. Interestingly, RGAP significantly enhanced the serum activity of lipoprotein lipase, a key hydrolytic enzyme of lipid molecules in lipoprotein, in a dose-dependent manner up to 80%, implying potential involvement of this enzyme in lowering TG and NEFA by RGAP. Therefore, our data suggest that RGAP may play an additional role in reducing hyperlipidemic conditions, which can be used as a valuable neutraceutical application for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.</P>

Isolation and Characterization of an Extremely Thermophilic Sulfur-metabolizing Bacterium from a Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent System

KWAK, YI-SEONG,KOBAYASHI, TETSUO,AKIBA, TERUHIKO 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 1994 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.4 No.1

A water sample was taken from a black smoker chimney of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent by using an unmanned submersible "Dolphin 3K". The temperature of the hydrothermal fluid from the black smoker was 276℃. After isolation by repeated serial dilutions, An extremely thermophilic bacterial strain was selected. The strain designated as DT1331, was an anaerobic, non-motile, coccoid shaped bacterium with about 0.5 to 1.0 ㎛ in diameter. The strain DT1331 could grow up to 93℃, but the optimum temperature of this strain was 80℃. The growth occurred in the pH range of 4.5 to 8.5 and the optimum pH was 6.0. The strain DT1331 required 1% to 5% NaCl for growth and cell lysis was observed below 1% NaCl concentration. The bacterium could grow on polypeptides such as tryptone, peptone, soytone and on proteins such as casein or gelatin. However, no growth was observed on single amino acids, sugar and organic acids. Hydrogen gas was detected slightly during growth. This bacterium obligately required elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide gas was produced during growth.

Anti-hyperlipidemic Effects of Red Ginseng Acidic Polysaccharide from Korean Red Ginseng

Yi-Seong Kwak(곽이성),Jong-Soo Kyung,Jong Soo Kim,Jae Youl Cho,Man-Hee Rhee,Jong-Dae Park,In-Ho Baeg 고려인삼학회 2010 고려인삼학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.5

Effect of Alcohol on Growth of Microorganisms Contaminated in Ginseng Powder

( Yi Seong Kwak,Jin Kyu Chang,Jong Jae Choo ) 대한보건협회 1997 대한보건협회 보건종합학술대회 Vol.- No.-

Effect of Alcohol on Growth of Microorganisms Contaminated in Ginseng Powder

Yi-Seong Kwak,Jin-Kyu Chang,Jong-Jae Choo 한국보건교육건강증진학회 1997 한국보건교육·건강증진학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

난소절제 흰쥐의 생리적 장애에 미치는 고려홍삼 조사포닌 분획의 영향

곽이성(Yi-Seong Kwak),위재준(Jae-Joon Wee),황석연(Seok-Yeon Hwang),경종수(Jong-Soo Kyung),김시관(Si-Kwan Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2000 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구는 갱년기 장애에 대한 홍삼의 효과를 조사할 목적으로 수행하였다. 홍삼의 효과는 흰쥐의 난소를 인위적으로 절제하여 갱년기 장애를 유도한 후 홍삼 조사포닌분획을 투여하여 생리적 기능에 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 홍삼조사포닌 분획은 난소 절제된 흰쥐에 있어 대퇴골의 무게감소를 유의하게 억제하는 것으로 관찰되었다(p<0.01). 대퇴골의 무게는 정상대조군의 경우 건조 전ㆍ후 각각 1.68 및 1.17 g이었고, 난소절제군의 경우 각각 1.57 및 1.08 g으로 난소절제에 의해 약 6~8%의 유의한 무게감소가 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 그러나 난소를 절제하고 사포닌을 투여한 실험군(OS)의 대퇴골 무게는 건조전ㆍ후 각각 1.68 및 1.15 g으로 모두 정상대조군과 거의 동등한 수준으로 회복되어, 홍삼 조사포닌의 투여는 난소절제로 야기되는 대퇴골의 무게감소를 유의하게 억제하는 것으로 사료된다(p<0.01). 그러나 자궁의 무게에 있어서는 유의적인 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 난소절제군의 혈중 중성지질 함량은 48.3 mg/dL로서 정상대조군의 90.4mg/dL에 비하여 현저히 감소(47%)하나 홍삼조사포닌 분획을 투여하면 그 함량이 53.8±26.3 mg/dL으로 그 함량 감소를 다소 억제하였다(p<0.05). 또한 난소를 절제한 흰쥐에 있어서는 혈중 testosterone 함량이 정상대조군 대비 60배 정도 증가하는 반면, 홍삼조사포닌 분획 투여군의 경우는 정상대조군 수준으로 회복되며(p<0.05), testosterone/estradiol 함량비율도 정상수준으로 회복된다는 사실을 관찰할 수 있었다. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of crude saponin fraction from Korean red ginseng on physiological events of ovariectomized rats. The saponin fraction was prepared by Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography and spirit. Total of 50 rats were divided into 5 groups : normal control (NC), sham-ovariectomized (SO), ovariectomized (OR), ovariectomized and saponin treated (OS), and normal control treated with saponin (NS). Saponin was intraperitonally administered for 8 weeks. Ovariectomy was carried out at 1st and 2nd week of experiment. Right-side ovary of rat was removed at 1st week, the other was done at 2nd week. The body weights of ovariectomized rats showed no significant changes but that of NS group showed significant increase (p<0.05) compared with NC group. Ovariectomy of rats reduced the weights of femur by 6 to 8% compared with that of NC group. In addition, femur weight of NS group was 5 to 6% higher than that of NC. Uterus weight showed no significant differences by saponin treatment or ovariectomy. Serum testosterone level of ovariectomized rats increased by 60 times compared with that of NC. However, administration of crude saponin to ovariectomized rat attenuated testosterone level to almost that of NC. These results suggest that Korean red ginseng saponin attenuates physiological disorders induced by malfunction of ovary.

초호열성 고세균, Thermococcus profundus의 내열성 Amylolytic Enzymes 생성 최적조건

곽이성(Yi Seong Kwak),김영배(Young Bae Kim) 한국생물공학회 1997 KSBB Journal Vol.12 No.5

고려인삼에서 분리한 조다당체 획분의 이화학적 특성

곽이성(Yi-Seong Kwak),김은미(Eun-mi Kim) 한국식품과학회 1996 한국식품과학회지 Vol.28 No.2

TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin)로 급성독성을 유도한 자성 기니픽의 대퇴골 무게감소에 대한 홍삼사포닌의 방어효과

곽이성(Yi-Seong Kwak),경종수(Jong-Soo Kyung),송용범(Yong-Bum Song),위재준(Jae-Joon Wee),박종대(Jong-Dae Park),김시관(Si-Kwan Kim),황미선(Mi-Sun Hwang),김석창(Seok-Chang Kim),박채규(Chae-Kyu Park),도재호(Jae-Ho Do) 고려인삼학회 2006 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.30 No.3

본 연구는 TCDD로 급성독성을 유도한 자성 기니픽의 대퇴골 무게감소에 대한 홍삼사포닌의 효과를 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. 48 마리의 자성기니픽 (820±25 g)을 6 군으로 나누어 정상군 (NC), TCDD 단독투여군 (TT), 사포닌 전투여군 (PE10, 20), 사포닌후투여군 (CE10, 20)으로 나누었다. NC군은 vehicle과 saline 만을 투여하였고, TT군은 TCDD를 단회투여 (5.0 ㎍/㎏, i.p) 하였다. PE10 및 20군은 TCDD 투여 1 주일 전부터 총 3 주동안 사포닌을 투여 (복강) 하였다. 반면 CE10 및 20군은 TCDD 투여한 직후부터 총 3 주동안 사포닌을 투여 (복강) 하였다. 사포닌 투여군의 체중변화를 살펴보면 TT군은 TCDD 투여후 유의적인 체중감소 현상이 관찰되었으나 PE10, 20 및 CE10, 20 등 사포닌 투여군에서는 TT군에 비해 체중이 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. TCDD 투여는 자성기니픽의 대퇴골 무게를 유의적으로 감소시키는 반면 홍삼사포닌의 투여는 대퇴골 무게감소를 억제하는 경향을 보였다. 대퇴골 무게감소 억제현상은 PE20군에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 대퇴골의 Ca²? 도 TT군은 NC군 대비 약 20.4% 감소하는데 반해 사포닌 투여군은 TT군 대비 Ca²? 함량이 증가되는 경향을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로부터 홍삼사포닌은 TCDD에 의해 억제된 기니픽의 대퇴골내 Ca²? 함량을 증가시킴으로써 대퇴골의 무게감소를 회복시키는 것으로 추론할 수 있겠다. To investigate the protective effect of saponin from red ginseng extract, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo--dioxin (TCDD) was exposed to female guinea pigs and then femur weights was measured. Forty eight female guinea pigs (820±25 g) were divided into 6 groups. Normal control group (NC) received vehicle and saline; only TCDD-treated group (TT) received TCDD (5.0 ㎍/㎏, single dose) intraperitoneally; pretreated group of saponin 10 (PE 10) received 10 ㎎/㎏ of saponin i.p. for 4 weeks from 1 week before TCDD-exposure; pretreated group of saponin 20 (PE 20) also received 20 ㎎/㎏ of saponin i.p. for 4 weeks from 1 week before TCDD-exposure. While, post-treated group of saponin 10 (CE 10) received 10 ㎎/㎏ of saponin i.p for 3 weeks after TCDD-exposure. Post-treated group of saponin 20 (CE 20) received 20 ㎎/㎏ saponin i.p for 3 weeks after TCDD-exposure. Body weight of TT group was significantly decreased after TCDD-exposure. However, body weight in all saponin-treated gropus increased throughout the experimental period, although the increasing rate was slower than that of NC group. Body weights of PE 10 and 20 groups showed more higher increase than those of CE groups during the experimental period. Decrease of femur weights in female guinea pigs by TCDD intoxification was significantly recovered by the saponin treatment. Decrease of Ca²? level of femurs in female guinea pigs exposed TCDD also recovered by the treatment of saponin from red ginseng extract. Especially, PE20 group showed the highest increase of the Ca²? level in femur among the saponin treated groups. These results suggest that ginseng saponin might be a useful protective agent against femur damage caused to decrease of Ca²? by TCDD.