비정규노동자 '가구'의 사회복지와 노동력재생산 실태에 관한 연구

김종건,김연명 한국사회복지정책학회 2003 사회복지정책 Vol.17 No.-

본 연구는 비정규직의 사회복지 문제를 '가구' 단위에서 분석하고 있다는 점과 노동력재생산 측면에서 접근하고 있다는 점에 의미가 있다. 연구목적은 비정규노동자에 대한 사회복지제도상 차별이 비정규직 가구의 삶에 어떤 영향을 주고 있으며, 비정규직 가구는 그것을 어떻게 대처하고 있는지 공적·사적 위험분산기제의 실태를 정규직가구와 대비시켜 밝히는데 있다. 분석결과 비정규직가구는 정규직가구에 비해 공공복지를 통해 제공되는 '사회임금'이 작아서 공공복지의 위험분산 효과가 더 작게 나타났다. 또한 민간보험과 '사적소득이전'과 같은 사적복지의 경우 비정규직가구는 민간보험에서는 정규직가구보다 가입률이 낮고 적립액도 적지만, 사적소득이전을 통해서는 많은 혜택을 보고 있다. 또한 비정규직가구는 주거비와 교육비 지출이 가처분소득에서 차지하는 비중이 정규직가구에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 교육비 지출의 절대액에서는 더욱 큰 차이를 보여 미래세대의 노동력재생산에 위험신호가 나타나는 것으로 밝혀졌다. This study aims to define what effects welfare provisions have on the households of non-standard workers and how they respond to the provisions in Korea. For this, this study examined both welfare provisions for non-standard workers and their effects on the reproduction of labour force, by comparing the public and private risk pooling mechanism for non-standard workers with that for regular workers. The originality of this work can be claimed from the fact that the examination was conducted by taking household, rather than individual workers, as the unit of analysis. The findings are as follows. First, 'social wage', which is provided by public welfare measures, benefits less the households of non-standard workers than those of regular workers. So does the effects of risk pooling for non-standard workers. Second, in terms of private welfare measures such as private insurance and private income transfer, the households of non-standard workers have lower rates of participation as well as income allocation, but show higher utilization rate of them, than those of regular workers. Last, the non-standard worker's households spend higher proportion of disposable income for rent and education than those of regular workers. This difference between two groups becomes more salient, when considering the absolute amount of expenditure for education. This rings an alarm bell to the reproduction of future labor force which welfare services are supposed to bring about.

국내 대학병원에서 정주용 Ciprofloxacin 사용의 적정성 평가

김신우,박효정,오원섭,김연숙,장현하,정숙인,정두련,이혁,염준섭,기현균,손준성,백경란,우건조,송재훈 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.6

목적 : 국내 병원에서의 정주 ciprofloxacin 사용의 적정성을 평가하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2003년 9월 25일부터 8개의 대학병원에서 정주 ciprofloxacin을 받았던 290명의 연속적으로 모집한 성인환자를 대상으로 약제사용 평가(DUE)를 전향적으로 수행하였다. 이 연구에 사용된 DUE 기준은 미국병원약사회의 기준을 국내 실정에 맡게 수정하여 사용하였으며 1) 사용의 정당성에 관한 항목, 2) 사용 시 준수되거나 시행되어야 할 사항에 대한 항목, 3) 부작용에 대한 항목, 4) 치료 효과에 대한 항목으로 나누어 조사하였다. 결과 : 환자의 평균 나이는 54세였다. 33예(26.9%)에서만 약제 사용의 적정성 측면에서 기준을 만족하였고 91예(73.1%)에서는 사용이 적절하지 않았다. 정주 cipro-floxacin의 부적절한 사용의 흔한 원인은 수술 전후의 예방약 사용, 비뇨기계 처치 전의 예방적 사용, 열성 질환에 대한 경험적 사용 등의 순이었다. 사용 시 준수사항 의 측면에서는 사용 전 배양검사(73.8%)와 사용 중 배양검사(68.6%)가 낮은 수행 정도를 보였으나 그 외는 비교적 높은 적정성(82.4-100%)을 보여주었다. 정주 ciprofloxacin사용의 합병증은 드물었다. 치료 효과의 면에서 치료반응은 93.3%였다. 결론 : 약제 사용의 정당성 기준에 따른 정주 cipro-floxacin의 부적절한 사용은 연구에 포함된 대학병원에서 매우 흔하였다(73.1%). 그러므로 적절한 항생제 사용에 대한 교육과 제도적 장치가 매우 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. Background : To evaluate the appropriateness of intravenous (IV) ciprofloxacin usage in university hospitals in Korea. Materials and Methods : We prospectively evaluated the appropriateness of drug usage in 290 consecutive adult patients who received IV ciprofloxacin in eight teaching hospitals during the period from September 25, 2003 to November 15, 2003. Drug use evaluation (DUE) in this study was based on the modified standard by the American Society of Hospital Pharmacy with regard to the justification of drug use, critical and process indications, complications, and outcome measures. Results : Average age of the patients was 54 years. The use of IV ciprofloxacin was appropriate only in 33 cases (26.9%). Common reasons for inappropriate use of IV ciprofloxacin include perioperative uses or prophylactic injection before urologic procedures, and empirical therapy for febrile episodes. Most of the "critical indications" and "process indications" showed high rate of appropriateness (82.4-100%). However, the rate of taking culture and sensitivity test before (73.8%) and during ciprofloxacin use (68.6%) were low. Complications with ciprofloxacin use were rare. In 93.3% of cases, ciprofloxacin treatment was clinically effective. Conclusion : Use of intravenous ciprofloxacin is frequently inappropriate in tertiary care hospitals in Korea. Implementation of education program and antibiotic control system is critical in improving the appropriateness of antimicrobial use.

水泳一스트레스에 의한 血裝 Corticosterone 증가에 미치는 水溫, Clonidine 및 Bromazepam의 영향

金炯健,申炅浩,金庚旭,全普權,千然淑 고려대학교 의과대학 1989 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.26 No.2

Recently, many reports suggested that warm water swim-stress induces an opioid-analgesia, while cold water swim-stress produces a nonopioid form of analgesia. And Hong et. al. reported that the increase of plasma corticosterone (p-CS) in response to swim-stress at 20℃(20-SS) was significantly attenuated by swim-stress at 4℃ (4-SS) was affected by CL but markedly suppressed by BA. In this paper, the influences of CL-500㎍/㎏ and BA-5㎎/㎏ on the change of p-CS in response to 20-SS or 4-SS were studied in male mice comparing with those of morphine and naloxone. The 20-SS induced increase of p-CS was significantly inhibited by CL and BA, respectively, while the 4-SS induced increase was not affected by CL but markedly inhibited by BA. And the 20-SS or 4-SS induced increase of p-CS was slightly inhibited by naloxone,2mg/kg but not affected by morphine, 2㎎/㎏. The increase of p-SS in response to three times repeated 20-SS or 4-SS with one hour interval was little affected by B-pretreatment, but CL-pretreatment slightly attenuated the 4-SS induced increase of p-CS and significantly inhibited the 20-SS induced increase. The increase of p-CS induced by the repeated SS was little affected by the treatment of BA 30 minutes before the last SS, but the such treatment of CL slightly attenuated the p-CS increase induced by the repeated 20-SS but significantly enhanced the p-CS increase by the repeated the repeated 4-SS. And during the experiment of repeated 4-SS, 55.6% of mice pretreated with BA were drowned. The results demonstrate that there are some pharmacological differences between the mechanisms of hypothalamo-adenohypophysial responses to 20-SS and 4-SS, respectively.

구미산업단지 대기중 휘발성유기화합물(VOCs)의 농도특성

최우건,배상호,박덕신,정연구,김태오 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.3

This study focuses on the measurement of airborne Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Kumi electronic industrial complex during the time periods of August and September, 2002 and January and February, 2003. This study was based on the US-EPA method TO-14 while the VOCs were analyzed with GC/MSD. The toluene level revealed high concentration at all measurement sites. The areal rank of average concentrations of VOCs is as follows : industry l>industry2>urban>middle>residential. Concentrations of VOCs in Kumi electronic industrial ones were generally higher than at Yeochon and Ulsan industrial complexes. Dichloromethane and trichloroethylene, which are used as a cleaner in the process of electronic industries, were observed 4 to 8 times higher than those of other areas. Among the aromatic compounds, toluene showed the highest level, while the concentrations of dichloromethane and trichloroethylene were higher than those of other halogen compounds. In Kumi, toluene, trichloroethylene, and dichloromethane were confirmed as the major compounds of VOCs by this research.

흰쥐 십이지장 점막의 Polyamine 대사, [^(14)C]Spermine 단백 결합능 및 [³H]Thymidine DNA 섭취에 대한 Calcitriol과 Prednisolone의 상호작용

최상현,이영재,정휘정,김형건,신경호,천연숙,전보권 고려대학교 의과대학 1997 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.34 No.1

Calcitriol has been shown to induce the duodenal synthesis of the spermine-binding protein. and hydrocortisone was reported to increase the intestinal polyamine contents. This study examined whether prednisolone might enhance or reduce the calcitriol effects on the polyamine contents, [^(14)C]spermine-protein binding activity, and [^(3)H] thymidine DNA synthesis of the rat duodenum. The mucosal contents of putrescine. spermidine. and spermine were increased by 198.8%, 84.0%, and 78.3%, respectively, within 6 hours after calcitriol. 5 ㎍/kg (CT) and fell down to the control values at 12 hours. And prednisolone. 10 mg/kg (PD) also increased the polyamine contents in similar patterns. They did not counteract each other in the polyamine metabolism. CT increased the [^(14)C]spermine-binding activity of the cytosol protein fraction from the duodenal mucosa by 71.1%. But PD increased the binding activity by 28.0% and did not affect the CT-induced increase. CT increased the [^(3)H]thymidine DNA synthesis of the duodenal mucosa by 42.3%. but PD reduced it slightly. The CT-dependent increase of the synthesis was significantly inhibited by PD. These results suggested that the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on the vitamin D dependent increases of the duodenal calcium absorption and mucosal proliferation seems not to be associated with the metabolic changes of polyamines in the duodenal mucosa.

Fulvestrant plus goserelin versus anastrozole plus goserelin versus goserelin alone for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative tamoxifen-pretreated premenopausal women with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (KCSG BR10-04): a multicentre, open-label

Kim, Ji-Yeon,Im, Seock-Ah,Jung, Kyung Hae,Ro, Jungsil,Sohn, Joohyuk,Kim, Jee Hyun,Park, Yeon Hee,Kim, Tae-Yong,Kim, Sung-Bae,Lee, Keun Seok,Kim, Gun Min,Kim, Se Hyun,Kim, Seonwoo,Ahn, Jin Seok,Lee, Ky Elsevier 2018 European journal of cancer Vol.103 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>We investigated the efficacy and safety of fulvestrant plus goserelin (F + G) versus anastrozole plus goserelin (A + G) in comparison with goserelin (G) alone in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-), tamoxifen-pretreated metastatic breast cancer (MBC).</P> <P><B>Patients and methods</B></P> <P>In this multicentre, open-label, randomised phase II study, premenopausal women aged ≥18 years with HR+, HER2–, tamoxifen-pretreated MBC were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to F + G, A + G or G alone. The primary end-point was time to progression (TTP). Secondary end-points included overall survival, overall response rate, clinical benefit rate and toxicity.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Of 138 eligible patients, 44 were randomly assigned to receive F + G, 47 to A + G and 47 to G alone. The median follow-up duration was 32.2 months (interquartile range: 23.69–40.86) and the median age was 43.0 years (range 23.0–55.0). The median TTP was 16.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.5–25.1) for F + G, 14.5 months (95% CI 11.0–18.0) for A + G and 13.5 months (95% CI 10.3–16.8) for G alone. Compared with G alone, the hazard ratios were 0.608 for F + G (95% CI, 0.370–0.998; p = 0.049) and 0.982 for A + G (95% CI, 0.624–1.546; p = 0.937). In terms of visceral metastasis, a stratification factor, there were no TTP differences according to treatment arm. Grade III or IV toxicities were rarely observed. Of the common adverse events, grade I arthralgia and joint stiffness were more frequently observed in the F + G than in the A + G or G-alone groups (p < 0.05, respectively).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>F + G provides a promising new option for the treatment of premenopausal women with HR+, HER2-, tamoxifen-pretreated MBC.</P> <P><B>Trial registration</B></P> <P>ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01266213 and Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) Breast cancer protocol number BR10-04.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> In premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer, hormone treatment similar to that used in postmenopausal women is the standard treatment option after tamoxifen treatment failure. </LI> <LI> In this study, fulvestrant plus goserelin (G) has better clinical outcome than G alone in premenopausal women, especially those younger than 40 years. </LI> <LI> Aromatase inhibitor with G is not superior to G alone in tamoxifen-pretreated premenopausal women. </LI> </UL> </P>

Phase-controlled SnO₂ and SnO growth by atomic layer deposition using Bis(<i>N-</i>ethoxy-2,2-dimethyl propanamido)tin precursor

Kim, Hyo Yeon,Nam, Ji Hyeun,George, Sheby Mary,Park, Jin-Seong,Park, Bo Keun,Kim, Gun Hwan,Jeon, Dong Ju,Chung, Taek-Mo,Han, Jeong Hwan Elsevier 2019 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.45 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of SnO and SnO<SUB>2</SUB> thin films was successfully demonstrated over a wide temperature range of 70–300 °C using a divalent Sn-precursor, bis(<I>N-</I>ethoxy-2,2-dimethyl propanamido)tin (Sn(edpa)<SUB>2</SUB>). The regulated growth of the SnO<SUB>2</SUB> and SnO films was realized by employing O<SUB>2</SUB>-plasma and H<SUB>2</SUB>O, respectively. Pure SnO<SUB>2</SUB> and SnO films were deposited with negligible C and N contents at all the growth temperatures, and the films exhibited polycrystalline and amorphous structures, respectively. The SnO<SUB>2</SUB> films presented a high transmittance of > 85% in the wavelength range of 400–700 nm and an indirect band gap of 3.6–4.0 eV; meanwhile, the SnO films exhibited a lower transmittance of > 60% and an indirect band gap of 2.9–3.0 eV. The SnO<SUB>2</SUB> films exhibited n-type semiconducting characteristics with carrier concentrations of 8.5 × 10<SUP>16</SUP>–1.2 × 10<SUP>20</SUP> cm<SUP>−3</SUP> and Hall mobilities of 2–26 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/V s. By employing an alternate ALD growth of SnO and SnO<SUB>2</SUB> films, SnO<SUB>2</SUB>/SnO multilayer structures were successfully fabricated at 120 °C. The in-situ quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis performed during ALD revealed that the oxidation of chemisorbed Sn-precursor occurs dominantly during the Sn(edpa)<SUB>2</SUB>/O<SUB>2</SUB>-plasma ALD process, resulting in the production of combustion by-products, whereas the Sn(edpa)<SUB>2</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>O ALD process was governed by a ligand exchange reaction with the maintenance of the original oxidation state of Sn<SUP>2+</SUP>.</P>

Effects of Water Management Methods on CH₄ and N₂O Emission From Rice Paddy Field

Gun-Yeob Kim,Jong-Sik Lee,Hyun-Cheol Jeong,Eun-Jung Choi,Yeon-Kyu Sonn,Pil-Joo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.6

The effects of water-saving irrigation on the emissions of greenhouse gases and the prokaryotic communities in rice paddy soils were investigated through a field experiment. In the Water-Saving (WS) irrigation, the water layer was kept at 2~3 cm while it was kept at 6 cm in the Continuousiy Flooding (CF) irrigation. A plot was treated with Intermittently Drainage (ID) that is drained as fine cracks on the floor were seen after transplanting. GHGs emission amounts from WS plots were reduced by 78.1% compared to that from CF plot and by 70.7% compared to that from ID plot, meaning that WS could help contribute to mitigation of the greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere.

Drought effects on the colonization of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the early successional phases in experimental mesocosm wetlands

Kim, Dong Gun,Lee, Cha Young,Choi, Lak Joong,Kang, Hyo Jeong,Baek, Min Jeong,Kim, Jae Geun,Bae, Yeon Jae OIKOS PUBLISHERS INC 2014 JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY Vol.29 No.4

Pneumonia due to Schizophyllum commune in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Case Report and Literature Review

Kim Hahn,Yi Yunmi,Cho Sung-Yeon,Lee Dong-Gun,Chun Hye-Sun,Park Chulmin,Kim Yoo-Jin,Park Yeon-Joon 대한감염학회 2022 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.54 No.1

Schizophyllum commune is a mold in phylum Basidiomycota and is an uncommon human pathogen. Sinusitis and allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis are the two major diseases caused by S. commune. Although there have been several reports of invasive fungal diseases, most of them were invasive sinusitis. We present a case of invasive fungal pneumonia due to S. commune, developed in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia presenting neutropenic fever. The diagnosis was made by characteristic macroscopic and microscopic findings of fungal isolate and was confirmed via sequencing of internal transcribed spacer region. The patient was improved after 8 weeks of antifungal therapy based on the susceptibility result. We propose that S. commune should be considered as an emerging pathogen of invasive fungal pneumonia when a patient is under immunocompromised state. We also reviewed global literatures focused on the invasive fungal diseases caused by S. commune.