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정연식(Chung Yeon-sik) 한국역사연구회 2011 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.79
The "Annals of the Joseon Dynasty" says that there were nine ponds(九池), nine shrines(九廟) and a Cheomseong-dae tower in Pyeong'yang, and also that nine 'luminaries(九曜)' flew into the aforementioned nine shrines. In ancient myths, water sources such as wells, ponds, fountains or swamps, combined with the essence of the stars or the sun, usually gave birth to greatly heroic figures. Such narrative structure can also be identified from the myths that chronicled the birth of progenitors -the founders- of several ancient political entities like Buyeo, Goguryeo, Silla and Gaya. The wells, ponds, fountains or swamps represented themselves in the form of females. They laid eggs after having a relationship with the sun or the stars, which displayed themselves as a male figure, and then, a great person was either hatched or born. The Na'jeong well, as well as the Cheomseong-dae tower, both in Gyeongju, feature stories that share the same narrative structure. Cheomseong-dae in the Pyeong'yang area seems to have been built in the 7th century, and the owner, or the 'protagonist manager' of the facility so to speak, seems to have been no other than Yeon'gae'so'mun, who was the de-facto ruler of Goguryeo at the time. It must have been built as a symbol -his dignified birth from a water source- that would show off the divinity of his power. In the year 2009, the remains of a heptagonal building were excavated near the site of the An'ag Palace. North Korean archaeologists are claiming it as another Cheomseong-dae tower of Goguryeo, but without further evidence, we cannot be sure.
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Cystic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case of Undergoing Endoscopic Thyroid Lobectomy
Dong Hae Chung,Jae Yeon Seok,Yoo Seung Chung1,Eun Mee Oh1,Jung Won Ryu1,Young Don Lee1 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2015 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.15 No.1
On ultrasonography, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) shows hypoechogenicity, an irregular margin, a predominantly solid composition, and microcalcifications, similar to those observed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MTC presenting as a cystic lesion is rare, and endoscopic thyroidectomy can be performed for benign thyroid masses and early stage PTC, however it is inappropriate for MTC regardless of cystic change. The authors report a case of cystic MTC found after endoscopic thyroid lobectomy and provide a review of the literature on this topic.
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정찬규,정연강 韓國學校保健學會 1989 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.2 No.1
The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the development of school health nursing activities by surveying realities of school health nursing activities in schools lacking in a school nurse performed by teachers holding additional school health. The subjects fro the study was selected from teachers holding additional school health who participated un the annual training course for teachers holding additional school health in 1988 organized by Province Education Council. 105 teachers holding additional school health from Kyung-gi Province, 85 from Chung-buk province, 50 from Chun-buk Province , answered the questionnaire. The results can be epitomized as follows. 1. General characteristics of Teachers Holding Additional School Health. The majority of the subjects are female (94.3%) and 64.1% of the subjects are in their twenties, 79.5% of them graduated from four-year teacher's college, 54.5% of them are unmarried, 74.5% has less than one-year experience as a teacher holding additional school health. 2. General characteristics of schools 92.4% of schools are national, of public schools, and 91.9% are located in country, elementary schools are 64%, junior high schools are 35.4%. The annual school nursing budget is unknow to 89.2% of them. The school nursing organization is nonexistent to 85.6%, 82.4% of the school nursing clinics occupy their place solely, or jointly. 3. Status of School Health Nursing Activities In the questionnaire, School Health Activities are divided into Health Program planning and Evaluation (4 items), Clinic Management (4 items), Health Education (4 items), Management of School Environment (98 items), Operating of School Health Organization (1 item) and Health Care Service (25 items). The answers to each item measured by the Likert-type scale reveals that in the activities of teachers holding additional school health the practice rate in Management of School Environment is 55%, 47% in Health Education, 45% in Health Program Planning and Evaluation, 32% in Health Care Service, 27% in Operating of School Health Organization, and 27% in Clinic Management. 4. The Relation between Influencing variables and School Health Nursing Activities. (1) Health Program Planing and Evaluation : religion, marital status (P<0.05**) (2) Clinic Management : age, school health organization (P<0.05**) (3) Health Education : age (P<0.05**) , religion (P<0.05**), business except for school nursing (P<0.05**) from of operation (P<0.05**), the number of clinic client a month (P<0.05**). (4) Management of School Health Environment : age, martial status, business except for school nursing (P<0.05**), presence of the annual school health nursing budget (P<0.01*), school health organization (P<0.05**). (5) Operating of School Health Organization : There is a statistical significance in Education, Interest in School Nursing (P<0.05**). 5. The Regional Relationship of School Health Nursing Activity. There is statistically significant difference in Health Education (P<0.05**) and Health Care Service (P<0.01*) of elementary school located in Kyung-gi, Chung-buk, Chun-buk Province. There is statistically significant difference Health Program Planning and Evaluation of junior high Schools located in Kyung-gi, Chung-buk, Province (P<0.05**). 6. The Correlation in School Health Nursing Activities. The analysis of the correlation in the 6 fields of school Health Nursing Activities shows that there is a statistically significant difference between Clinic Management and health Education, Clinic Management and Operating of School Health Organization, and between management of School Environment and operating of School Health Organization (P<0.05**). The conclusions are as follows: The 40.5 percent of schools should arrange nurse teachers by regulation 38, relative to the application of the Law of Education. But, in reality, teachers who have nothing to do with nursing, hold school health as an additional job. And it is very difficult to except the qualititive health management of school faculty and students. In the 85.6 percent of schools, there is no organization for school health. And also, persons in charge of practical affairs perform the school health activity without any knowledge about annual school nursing budget. In the school health nursing activity of teachers holding additional school health, operating of school, health organization and clinic management are the most difficult to get the cooperation from the persons relate to school and communities. There are a lot of problems in performing the school health nursing activity without any disposition of school health teachers, therefore, it is necessary to supplement school health teachers who had a professional training in order to make efficient the school nursing management for children who are about attend a school.
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鄭然植,趙顯傑 경북대학교 사회과학연구소 1988 社會科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-
In order to understand the political characteristics in the end of Koryeo and the begnning of Yi Dynasty, we need to examine into the question how Neo-Confucianism was taught and spread among the people in that period. It is generally accepted that Hsiao-hsiieh is a guide to the active principle of Neo-Confucianism. So, in this paper I will examine for what reason the text was introduced into and spread far and wide among the people in that period. and I will try to search for the political function following from it's teaching upon the people. Chu-hsi edited the text for the purpose of teaching the basic principles of his neo-Confucianism to people. The text were introduced into the Korean Peninsula in the end of Koryeo Dynasty. Being recommended and encouraged the people to study in the beginning of Yi Dynasty which was based on the Neo-Confucianism, Hsiao-hsiieh were all over the land. Especially the ruling class held the text in high esteem. The text were for a guide not only to the study of Neo-Confucianism but also to recreate it's people and their communities into the pattern prescribed in it. Therefore the society of Yi Dynasty inclined toward Confucianism. Also, the text made a great contribution to build up political consciousness of the people. Hsiao-hsiieh helped to establish royal authority, the idea of morality, and political collectivization. On the other hand the text brought about political consciousness of blind obedience, a kind of political indifference or a negative way of thinking on political phenomena.
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鄭然植,蔡政旻 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1984 東洋文化硏究 Vol.11 No.-
It is obvious that equality is the fundamental idea of democracy with freedom and human dignity. We can find the idea of equality in the Korean Shil-Hak that come into exsistence from retort of ideological metaphisics indulging in academic discussion in the exhausted society of the latter Li-dynasty. At that time, Shil-Hak scholars criticized political, social, economic and cutural systems and presented many new reformationary bills. Most of Shil-Hak scholars asserted that man had to be treated equally, recognizing the importance of individuality and rights of human being. So, they denied traditional social class systems of Li-dynasty and asserted that any one who has capable of taking charge of public affairs could be oppointed to the positions of governmental institutions. Also, they maintained to abolish the slavery, discriminative treatment to illegitimate son and discriminative requirement to enter school by social class. But the idea of equality of Shil-Hak scholars had been restrainted by the social and economic situations as compared with modern sense of equality. And they couldn't define the conception of equality demanding right to the government to correct the social discrimination as modern time. But the conception of equality they insisted is very significant in the history of Korean political thoughts because it was succeeded to modern Enlightened-thoughts in the late Li-ldynasty and to modern idea of human right in Korea.
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鄭然斗 三陟大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.29 No.1
To solve the manpower problems and to increase the income for the small business fisherman developed the connecting machine for Dried walleye pollack. And obtained results are as follows. (1) The working process is simple and easy. (2) The working hours and working amount are increased. (3) The quality of product is increased. (4) The labor cost cut down and manpower problems will be solve. (5) The income for the small business fisherman will be increase.
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