Antioxidative and Hepatoprotective Effects of Magnolol on Acetaminophen-induced Liver Damage in Rats

Yung-Hsiang Chen,Feng-Yen Lin,Po-Len Liu,Yi-Tsau Huang,Jen-Hwey Chiu,Yi-Chun Chang,Kee-Ming Man,Chuang-Ye Hong,Yen-Yi Ho,Ming-Tsung Lai 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.2

Acute liver failure (ALF), an often fatal condition characterized by massive hepatocyte necrosis, is frequently caused by drug poisoning, particularly with acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol/APAP). Hepatocyte necrosis is consecutive to glutathione (GSH) depletion and mitochondrial damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. Magnolol, one major phenolic constituent of Magnolia officinalis, have been known to exhibit potent antioxidative activity. In this study, the anti-hepatotoxic activity of magnolol on APAP-induced toxicity in the Sprague-Dawley rat liver was examined. After evaluating the changes of several biochemical parameters in serum, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were elevated by APAP (500 mg/kg) intraperitoneal administration (8 and 24 h) and reduced by treatment with magnolol (0.5 h after APAP administration; 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg/kg). Histological changes around the hepatic central vein, lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance/TBARS), and GSH depletion in liver tissue induced by APAP were also recovered by magnolol treatment. The data show that oxidative stress followed by lipid peroxidation may play a very important role in the pathogenesis of APAP-induced hepatic injury; treatment with lipid-soluble antioxidant, magnolol, exerts anti-hepatotoxic activity. Our study points out the potential interest of magnolol in the treatment of toxic ALF.

Fermentation strategy for the production of poly(3-hydroxyhexanoate) by Aeromonas sp. KC014

Ho-Shing Wu,Yen-An Gong,Yu-Hong Wei,Yi-Ming Sun 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.25 No.6

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (P(3HB-co-3HHx)) was produced by Aeromonas sp. KC014 strain isolated from Taiwan in soil environment in the flask and fermentor cultures. The medium optimization, such as carbon source and nitrogen source, carbon-nitrogen ratio was conducted to obtain the optimum 3-hydroxyhexanoate content. The defined medium with dodecanoic acid as the carbon source and (NH4)2SO4 as the nitrogen source was obtained as the main medium. When cells grown in medium containing 30 g/L dodecanoic acid, 15 g/L sodium gluconate and 1 g/L soytone (C/N was 30/1) as final PHA concentration, the cell dry weight and HB content of 5.16 g/ L, 14.0 g/L and 36.0%, respectively, were obtained. The maximum HHx/PHA content increased from 0.1% to 1.3% nearly 12-fold when the dissolved oxygen was decreased from 40% to 20%. P(3HB-co-3HHx) biosynthesis was triggered by the addition of limited nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium to get a maximum HHx/PHA content of 14% in 95 hours.

Using Electron-beam Resists as Ion Milling Mask for Fabrication of Spin Transfer Devices

Hoang Yen Thi Nguyen,Hyunjung Yi,Kyung-Ho Shin 한국자기학회 2007 Journal of Magnetics Vol.12 No.1

Magnetic excitation and reversal by a spin polarized current via spin transfer have been a central research topic in spintronics due to its application potential. Special techniques are required to fabricate nano-scale magnetic layers in which the effect can be observed and studied. This work discusses the possibility of using electron- beam resists, the nano-scale patterning media, as ion milling mask in a subtractive fabrication method. The possibility is demonstrated by two resists, one positive tone, the ZEP 520A, and one negative tone, the ma- N2403. The advantage and the key points for success of this process will be also addressed.

Improvement of the Spin Transfer Induced Switching Effect by Copper and Ruthenium Buffer Layer

T. Hoang Yen Nguyen,Hyunjung Yi,Sung-Jung Joo,Myung Hwa Jung,Kyung-Ho Shin 한국자기학회 2005 Journal of Magnetics Vol.10 No.2

The spin transfer induced magnetization switching has been reported to occur in magnetic multilayer structures whose scope usually consists of one stack of ferromagnetic / non-ferromagnetic / ferromagnetic (F / N / F) materials. In this work, it is shown that: 1) Copper used as a buffer layer between the free Co and the Au cap-layer can clearly increase the probability to get the spin transfer induced magnetization switching in a simple spin valve Co 11 / Cu 6 / Co 2 (㎚); 2) Furthermore, when Ruthenium is simultaneously applied as a buffer layer on the Si-substrate, the critical switching currents can be reduced by 30%, and the absolute resistance change delta R [△R] of that stack can be enlarged by 35%. The enhancement of the spin transfer induced magnetization switching can be ascribed to a lower local stress in the thin Co layer caused by a better lattice match between Co and Cu and the smoothening effect of Ru on the thick Co layer.

2H-Silicon Carbide Epitaxial Growth on c-Plane Sapphire Substrate Using an AlN Buffer Layer and Effects of Surface Pre-Treatments

Tien-Tung Luong,Binh Tinh Tran,Yen-Teng Ho,Ting-Wei Wei,Yue-Han Wu,Tzu-Chun Yen,Lin-Lung Wei,Jer-Shen Maa,Edward Yi Chang 대한금속·재료학회 2015 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.11 No.3

The effects of surface pre-treatments and the role of an AlN buffer layer for 2H-SiC growth on c-plane sapphire substrates by thermal CVD are investigated. While the crystallinity of SiC directly grown on sapphire substrate always degrades with a hydrogen pre-treatment but improves by optimizing carbonization, the crystallinity of SiC grown on sapphire substrate using an AlN buffer grown by MOCVD improves with sufficient time of exposure to the H pre-treatment but always deteriorates with carbonization. Detailed microstructural analysis by phi-scan x-ray diffraction reveals that SiC film grown on sapphire substrate consists of crystalline domains with two different crystallographic orientations which are rotated relative to each other along the [111] axis by 60°. A highly oriented hexagonal 2H-SiC film is obtained on low-cost c-plane sapphire substrate by using an AlN buffer. 2H-SiC is unambiguously determined not only by phi-scan x-ray diffraction but also by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The growth relationship between 2HSiC and 2H-AlN are coherent due to the favorable bonding of C and Al between SiC and AlN.

Inverse giant magnetoresistance due to spin-dependent bulk scattering in Fe_1–xCr_x/Cu/Co

Thi, Ngoc Anh Nguyen,Thi, Hoang Yen Nguyen,Yi, Hyunjung,Joo, Sung-Jung,Shin, Kyung-Ho WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Physica status solidi. PSS. A, Applications and ma Vol.204 No.12

<P>Inverse giant magnetoresistance (IGMR) can be observed in multilayers with alternating two ferromagnetic layers F1 and F2 possessing opposite spin scattering asymmetries. We report here the observation of inverse current-in-plane giant magnetoresistance (CIP-IGMR) in Fe<SUB>1–x</SUB>Cr<SUB>x</SUB>/Cu/Co spin-valve systems with varying Cr concentration and FeCr-layer thickness. The highest magnitude of IGMR, –0.45%, has been achieved in the sample doped with 35 at.% Cr. It is shown that the proper substitution of Cr for Fe can alter spin-dependent scattering in the Fe layer, causing the inversion of the bulk spin scattering asymmetry coefficient therefore resulting in CIP-IGMR. The GMR has a dominant contribution to the observed inverse MR, rather than the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) component. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>

Melatonin acts synergistically with pazopanib against renal cell carcinoma cells through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated mitochondrial and autophagic apoptosis

( Chien-pin Lai ),( Yong-syuan Chen ),( Tsung-ho Ying ),( Cheng-yen Kao ),( Hui-ling Chiou ),( Shao-hsuan Kao ),( Yi-hsien Hsieh ) 대한신장학회 2023 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.42 No.4

Background: Mounting evidence indicates that melatonin has possible activity against different tumors. Pazopanib is an anticancer drug used to treat renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study tested the anticancer activity of melatonin combined with pazopanib on RCC cells and explored the underlying mechanistic pathways of its action. Methods: The 786-O and A-498 human RCC cell lines were used as cell models. Cell viability and tumorigenesis were detected with the MTT and colony formation assays, respectively. Apoptosis and autophagy were assessed using TUNEL, annexin V/propidium iodide, and acridine orange staining with flow cytometry. The expression of cellular signaling proteins was investigated with western blotting. The in vivo growth of tumors derived from RCC cells was evaluated using a xenograft mouse model. Results: Together, melatonin and pazopanib reduced cell viability and colony formation and promoted the apoptosis of RCC cells. Furthermore, the combination of melatonin and pazopanib triggered more mitochondrial, caspase-mediated, and LC3-II-mediated autophagic apoptosis than melatonin or pazopanib alone. The combination also induced higher activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in the promotion of autophagy and apoptosis by RCC cells than melatonin or pazopanib alone. Finally, tumor xenograft experiments confirmed that melatonin and pazopanib cooperatively inhibited RCC growth in vivo and predicted a possible interaction between melatonin/pazopanib and LC3-II. Conclusion: The combination of melatonin and pazopanib inhibits the growth of RCC cells by inducing p38MAPK-mediated mitochondrial and autophagic apoptosis. Therefore, melatonin might be a potential adjuvant that could act synergistically with pazopanib for RCC treatment.

The Effect of a Scenario-Based Spiritual Care Course on Spiritual Care Competence among Clinical Nurses

Suh-Ing Hsieh,Li-Ling Hsu,Hui-Ling Lin,Chen-Yi Kao,Yi-Ping Tseng,Li-Yun Szu,Ching-Yun Lee,Lun-Hui Ho,Shu-Ling Yeh,Shu-Hua Kao,Yen-Fang Chou,Tzu-Hsin Huang 한국성인간호학회 2021 성인간호학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.8

Switching from Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) or Other Oral Antiviral Therapy (OAV) to Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) in Virally Suppressed CHB Patients with Hepatic Impairment

( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Young-Suk Lim ),( Pietro Lampertico ),( Ho Bae ),( Wan-Long Chuang ),( Jeong Heo ),( Yi-Hsiang Huang ),( Aric Josun Hui ),( Chun-Yen Lin ),( Claire Fournier ),( Chien-Hung Chen ),( 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: TAF, a novel tenofovir (TFV) prodrug, has greater plasma stability, more targeted delivery of TFV to hepatocytes, and reduced circulating levels of TFV compared to TDF. We evaluated efficacy and safety when virally suppressed CHB (Chronic Hepatitis B) patients with hepatic impairment were switched to TAF. Methods: In this Phase 2 study (NCT03180619) CHB patients with a ChildTurcottePugh (CTP) score of ³7 and £12 at screening (or past history of CTP ³7 and any score £12 at screening) who were taking TDF and/or other OAVs for ³48 weeks, with HBV DNA <LLOQ for ³24 weeks and <20 IU/mL at screening were eligible. All patients were switched to TAF 25 mg QD and treated for 96 weeks. The co-primary endpoints were proportion with HBV DNA <20 IU/mL and graded adverse events (AEs)/lab abnormalities at Week 24. Results: 31 patients were enrolled at 18 sites in 7 countries. At baseline, 19 (61%), 9 (29%) and 3 (10%) were CTP Class A, B, or C, respectively. Median age was 57 y (19% ³65 y), 68% male, 81% Asian, 90% HBeAg-negative, median fibrotest score 0.81, and median eGFR_CG 98 mL/min; up to 48% had low BMD at hip and/or spine, and 68% had prior TDF exposure. Key efficacy/safety results at Week 24 are summarized in the Table. All patients had HBV DNA <20 IU/mL and a high proportion had normal ALT. Switching to TAF resulted in increases in hip/spine BMD, decreases in bone turnover markers, an increase in eGFR_CG with decreases in tubular markers. TAF was well tolerated with few having Grade 3 or 4 AEs (2 patients) and no discontinuations for and AE. ^aHBV DNA results are missing=failure. ^bALT normal is the proportion with ALT ≤ULN at Week 48, regardless of baseline ALT level; ^cULN 35 U/L males, 25 U/L females; ^dPatients with ALT >ULN at baseline; ^eHBeAg-positive at baseline. ^fSerum C-type collagen sequence (bone resorption marker); ^gSerum procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (bone formation marker); ^hUrine retinol binding protein/creatinine (tubular marker); ⁱUrine beta-2 microglobulin/creatinine (tubular marker). BMD, bone mineral density by DXA scan; sCr, serum creatinine; PO₄, serum phosphorus; eGFR_CG, estimated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault method) Conclusions: In CHB patients with hepatic impairment switched to TAF from TDF or other OAVs, viral suppression was well maintained and improved bone and renal safety was seen at Week 24.

Creatine Kinase (CK)-MB-to-Total-CK Ratio: a Laboratory Indicator for Primary Cancer Screening

Chang, Chih-Chun,Liou, Ching-Biau,Su, Ming-Jang,Lee, Yi-Chen,Liang, Chai-Ting,Ho, Jung-Li,Tsai, Huang-Wen,Yen, Tzung-Hai,Chu, Fang-Yeh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.15

Background: For the determination of creatine kinase (CK)-MB, the immunoinhibition method is utilized most commonly. However, the estimated CK-MB activity may be influenced by the presence of CK isoenzymes in some conditions like cancer. Thus, a CK-MB-to-total-CK ratio more than 1.0 could be found in such a situation. The study aimed to explore the relationship of cancer to high CK-MB-to-total-CK ratio. Materials and Methods: From January 2011 to December 2014, laboratory data on all CK-MB and total CK test requests were extracted at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital (88,415 requests). Patients with a CK-MB-to-total-CK ratio more than 1.0 were registered in this study. Clinical data including tumor location, tumor TNM stage and metastatic status were also collected. Results: A total of 846 patients were identified with a CK-MB-to-total-CK ratio more than 1.0. Of these, 339 (40.1%) were diagnosed with malignancies. The mean CK-MB-to-total-CK ratio was significantly higher in malignancy than in non-malignancy ($1.35{\pm}0.28$ vs $1.25{\pm}0.23$, p<0.001) groups. The most frequent malignancy with a CK-MB-to-total-CK ratio more than 1.0 was colorectal cancer ($1.42{\pm}0.28$, 16.5%, n=56), followed by lung cancer ($1.38{\pm}0.24$, 15.9%, n=54) and hepatocellular carcinoma (14.5%, n=49). Higher CK-MB-to-total-CK ratios in hematological malignancies ($1.44{\pm}0.41$)were also noted. Additionally, the CK-MB-to-total-CK ratio was markedly higher in advanced stage malignancy than in early stage ($1.37{\pm}0.26$ vs. $1.29{\pm}0.31$, p=0.014) and significantly higher in liver metastasis than in non-liver metastasis ($1.48{\pm}0.30$ vs. $1.30{\pm}0.21$, p<0.001). Conclusions: The CK-MB-to-total-CK ratio is an easily available indicator and could be clinically utilized as a primary screening tool for cancer. Higher ratio of CK-MB-to-total-CK was specifically associated with certain malignancies, like colorectal cancer, lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as some cancer-associated status factors such as advanced stage and liver metastasis.