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Solvent extraction of Fe3+ from the hydrochloric acid route phosphoric acid by D2EHPA in kerosene
Yang Jin,Yujing Ma,Yanling Weng,Xuhong Jia,Jun Li 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.5
It is necessary to remove Fe3+ from the hydrochloric acid route phosphoric acid before it is purified by trin-butyl phosphate (TBP), otherwise the final product will fail because of the excessive iron content. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA, HA) is effective for Fe3+ extraction. Therefore, the solvent extraction of Fe3+ from the HCl-route phosphoric acid by D2EHPA in kerosene is investigated. The effects of the extraction time, temperature and concentrations of phosphoric acid, D2EHPA, calcium chloride and Fe3+ on the extraction process are studied. The mechanism of the extraction is explained and the extracted species is demonstrated to be FeClA2 4HA. D2EHPA has a high efficiency for Fe3+ extraction from the synthesis and actual HCl-route phosphoric acid with extraction percent of 98.61% and 96.50%, respectively via a cross-current 3-stage extraction. The loaded organic phase is effectively stripped (99.9%) using 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid. The extractant also has a high stability under a closed operation condition. D2EHPA can serve as an adequate extractant for the extraction of Fe3+ from the HCl-route phosphoric acid.
Yang, Jin,Tan, Fabian Hadipriono,Tan, Adrian Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Ma 2017 Journal of construction engineering and project ma Vol.7 No.1
The Jinshanling section of the Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications in northern China that was constructed for strategic military defenses. This section was first built in the beginning of the Ming Dynasty in AD 1368 and then underwent major construction, reconstruction and renovation during the late Ming Dynasty, approximately in AD 1569. The Jinshanling section is 10.5 km long, a very short section compared with the entire 21,200 km wall. The wall section is located in Luanping County, Hebei province, China. This research paper focuses on the construction methods and materials of the wall and the towers in the area. The research methodology includes site visits, knowledge acquisition of experts and 3D graphic modeling. This study reveals that the materials selected for the structure include rubbles and rammed earth, bricks, stones, timber, and mortar. The erection sequence of the wall and the towers was a bottom-up fashion using various ancient construction techniques, such as the fire-setting rock blasting techniques and the surveying techniques from the Sea Island Mathematical Manual.
Yang, Jin,Cai, Lei,Zhang, Sen,Zhu, Xiangjia,Zhou, Peng,Lu, Yi 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.3
This study aimed to investigate whether silicacerium (III) chloride ($CeCl_3$) nanoparticles could inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and reduce oxidative stress. Silica-$CeCl_3$ nanoparticles were synthesised by adsorption and embedment with micro-silica materials, forming uniform nanoparticles with a diameter of approximately 130 nm. Chaperone activity assays and AGEs formation assays, and intracellular reactive assays were adopted in this study to evaluate $CeCl_3$ nanoparticles effect. UV-visible spectrometry showed that silica-$CeCl_3$ nanoparticles at low concentrations rapidly formed tentatively stable conjugations with ${\alpha}$-crystallin, greatly enhancing the chaperone activity of ${\alpha}$-crystallin. Moreover, silica-$CeCl_3$ nanoparticles markedly inhibited the fructose-induced glycation of ${\alpha}$-crystallin, showing an advantage over the control drugs aminoguanidine and carnosine. Silica-$CeCl_3$ nanoparticles also reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species production and restored glutathione levels in $H_2O_2$-treated human lens epithelial cells. These findings suggest that silica-$CeCl_3$ may be used as a novel agent for the prevention of cataractogenesis.
( Yangjin Jegal ),( Jong Sun Park ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Hongseok Yoo ),( Sung Hwan Jeong ),( Jin Woo Song ),( Jae Ha Lee ),( Hong Lyeol Lee ),( Sun Mi Choi ),( Young Whan Kim ),( Yong Hyun Kim ),( Hye 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2022 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.85 No.2
Background: The Korea Interstitial Lung Disease Study Group has made a new nationwide idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) registry because the routine clinical practice has changed due to new guidelines and newly developed antifibrotic agents in the recent decade. The aim of this study was to describe recent clinical characteristics of Korean IPF patients. Methods: Both newly diagnosed and following IPF patients diagnosed after the previous registry in 2008 were enrolled. Survival analysis was only conducted for patients diagnosed with IPF after 2016 because antifibrotic agents started to be covered by medical insurance of Korea in October 2015. Results: A total of 2,139 patients were analyzed. Their mean age at diagnosis was 67.4±9.3 years. Of these patients, 76.1% were males, 71.0% were ever-smokers, 14.4% were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, and 56.9% were at gender-agephysiology stage I. Occupational toxic material exposure was reported in 534 patients. The mean forced vital capacity was 74.6% and the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was 63.6%. Treatment with pirfenidone was increased over time: 62.4% of IPF patients were treated with pirfenidone initially. And 79.2% of patients were treated with antifiboritics for more than three months during the course of the disease since 2016. Old age, acute exacerbation, treatment without antifibrotics, and exposure to wood and stone dust were associated with higher mortality. Conclusion: In the recent Korean IPF registry, the percentage of IPF patients treated with antifibrotics was increased compared to that in the previous IPF registry. Old age, acute exacerbation, treatment without antifibrotics, and exposure to wood and stone dust were associated with higher mortality.