Milk Consumption and Framingham Risk Score: Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data (2008–2011)

YEUMKYUNG JIN,주남석,양성원,박수정,최성진,송병춘 연세대학교의과대학 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.1

Purpose: The benefit of milk intake remains controversial. The association between milk consumption and Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in a population consuming relatively low amounts of dairy products is undetermined. Materials and Methods: A total of 13736 adults (5718 male and 8018 female) aged 20–80 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2011) were divided into groups according to milk consumption (rarely, monthly, weekly, and daily) and compared according to FRS after relevant variable adjustments. Results: The mean FRS in males and females were 6.53 and 5.74, respectively. Males who consumed milk daily (15.9%) had a significantlylower FRS than males having milk rarely (31.6%) or monthly (17.4%; p=0.007). Females who consumed milk daily (22.3%) also had significantly lower FRS than rarely (29.8%), monthly (13.8%), or weekly (34%; p=0.001) consumers. In particular, males ≥60 years old who consumed milk daily had a significantly lower FRS than males who consumed less milk (p<0.001). The odds ratio in this age group showed a significant and gradual increase in the weekly [OR=2.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–4.03], monthly (OR=2.29; 95% CI 1.15–4.54), and rarely (OR=3.79; 95% CI 2.01–7.14) milk consumption groups when compared with the daily milk consumption group. Conclusion: Milk consumption was associated with a lower FRS in a low milk-consuming population. In particular, daily milk consumptionin males over 60 years old may be beneficial for those at risk for cardiovascular disease.

Dietary Calcium Intake May Contribute to the HOMA-IR Score in Korean Females with Vitamin D Deficiency (2008–2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey)

김진호,이석훈,박수정,YEUMKYUNG JIN,최범희,주남석 대한비만학회 2017 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.26 No.4

Background: Vitamin D and calcium are important factors involved in the regulation of blood glucose and insulin secretion. The Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) score is a useful variable for evaluating insulin resistance, and therefore we cross-sectionally compared HOMA-IR scores according to serum vitamin D levels and dietary calcium intake. Methods: We selected data from healthy males (n=5,163) and females (n=7,506) analyzed over 5 years (2008–2012) via the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We calculated HOMA-IR scores and compared them according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration classification (<20, 20–30, >30 ng/mL) and dietary calcium quintile after adjustment for relevant variables using complex sample analysis. Comparisons were done after data weighting. Results: The mean dietary calcium intake in males and females was 558.1 mg/day and 445.9 mg/day, respectively. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration in males and females was 19.4 ng/mL and 16.8 ng/mL, respectively. After adjustment for relevant variables, HOMA-IR score was significantly correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentration and dietary calcium intake in females, whereas it was only correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentration in males. HOMA-IR was significantly lower in the top quintile of dietary calcium intake (mean, 866 mg/day) within females with vitamin D deficiency (P=0.047). Conclusion: Adequate dietary calcium intake may be important for normal HOMA-IR in females with vitamin D deficiency.

Bioactives in Commonly Consumed Cereal Grains: Implications for Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

이윤미,한상익,송병천,YEUMKYUNG JIN 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.11

Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely linked to various chronic diseases. Thus, targeting this axis of oxidative stress and inflammation is a particularly interesting area of study for reducing the risk of chronic diseases, including, but not limited to, metabolic disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. It is well known that antioxidants play a pivotal role in tuning this axis. In this review, we introduce five different cereal grains, which are the most commonly consumed throughout the world and are functionally reported to have antioxidant activity: oat (Avena spp.), barley (Hordeum spp.), rice (Oryza spp.), wheat (Triticum spp.), and rye (Secale spp.). Bioactive components of these grains, partial grains or whole grains, have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in cells and animals. Although further study is required to establish their efficacy for treating patients with chronic diseases, we suggest that grains, which are a great source of antioxidants, have potential in the prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation-related chronic diseases.

Implications of red Panax ginseng in oxidative stress associated chronic diseases

이윤미,윤해림,박현민,송병천,YEUMKYUNG JIN 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.2

The steaming process of Panax ginseng has been reported to increase its major known bioactive components, ginsenosides, and, therefore, its biological properties as compared to regular Panax ginseng. Biological functions of red Panax ginseng attenuating pro-oxidant environments associated with chronic diseases are of particular interest, since oxidative stress can be a key contributor to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Additionally, proper utilization of various biomarkers for evaluating antioxidant activities in natural products, such as ginseng, can also be important to providing validity to their activities. Thus, studies on the effects of red ginseng against various diseases as determined in cell lines, animal models, and humans were reviewed, along with applied biomarkers for verifying such effects. Limitations and future considerations of studying red ginseng were been discussed. Although further clinical studies are warranted, red ginseng appears to be beneficial for attenuating disease-associated symptoms via its antioxidant activities, as well as for preventing oxidative stress-associated chronic diseases.

Antiadipogenic Activity of γ-Oryzanol and Its Stability in Pigmented Rice

Igor Otavio Minatel,이윤미,윤해림,윤영,한상익,Camila Renata Correa,Denise Fecchio,YEUMKYUNG JIN 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.7

γ-Oryzanol, a prevalent compound in pigmented rice varieties, has been reported to ameliorate obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Antiadipogenic activities of γ-oryzanol were determined in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and mouse-derived 3T3-L1 cells. γ-Oryzanol significantly decreased lipid accumulation and reduced glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in both adipocytes. In addition, γ-oryzanol in four pigmented rice varieties (black with giant embryo, brown, sugary brown, and red) was stable when stored at 4°C and also at room temperature for 22 weeks, whereas other bioactives such as lutein and β-carotene were stable only at −80°C. Furthermore, the yield of γ-oryzanol from these rice varieties was significantly increased through steaming and roasting processes. Therefore, γ-oryzanol exerts antiadipogenic activity by suppressing adipocyte differentiations and is stable in pigmented rice for an extended period of time during storage and after cooking. Thus, the intake of pigmented rice may be a useful strategy for preventing obesity.

Fat-Soluble Bioactive Components in Colored Rice Varieties

Igor Otavio Minatel,한상익,Giancarlo Aldini,Mara Colzani,Nirupa R. Matthan,Camila Renata Correa,Denise Fecchio,YEUMKYUNG JIN 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.10

Bioactive components in rice vary depending on the variety and growing condition. Fat-soluble components such as c-oryzanol, tocopherols, tocotrienols, carotenoids, and fatty acids were analyzed in brown, sugary brown, red, and black rice varieties using established high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and GC methodologies. In addition, these colored rice varieties were further analyzed using a high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (LTQ-Orbitrap XL) to identify the [M-H]- ions of c-oryzanol, ranging from m/z 573.3949 to 617.4211. The highest content of tocopherols (a-, 1.5; c-, 0.5 mg/100 g) and carotenoids (lutein 244; trans-b carotene 25 lg/100 g) were observed in black rice; tocotrienols (a-, 0.07; c-, 0.14 mg/100 g) in red rice, and c-oryzanol (115 mg/100 g) in sugary brown rice. In all colored rice varieties, the major fatty acids were palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1n-9), and linoleic (18:2n-6) acids. When the c-oryzanol components were further analyzed by LC-MS/MS, 3, 10, 8, and 8 triterpene alcohols or sterol ferulates were identified in brown, sugary brown, red, and black rice varieties, respectively. Such structural identification can lead to the elucidation of biological function of each component at the molecular level. Consumption of colored rice rich in beneficial bioactive compounds may be a useful dietary strategy for achieving optimal health.