Security and Unification of Korea

Yang Sung-chul(서평자) The Academy of Korean Studies 1985 Korea Journal Vol.25 No.7

Sound Analysis in an In Vitro Endotracheal Tube Model

( Young Sik Park ),( Young Wook Kee ),( Kwang Suk Park ),( Jin Woo Lee ),( Sang Min Lee ),( Jae Joon Yim ),( Chul Gyu Yoo ),( Young Whan Kim ),( Sung Koo Han ),( Seok Chul Yang1 ) 대한내과학회 2011 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.26 No.4

Background/Aims: Complete endotracheal tube obstruction is a medical emergency, and partial occlusion causes increased breathing rates and failure to wean off mechanical ventilation. Partial occlusion may be underestimated due to the lack of proper detection methods. We tested whether the sound of an endotracheal tube could be used to detect an endotracheal tube obstruction using an in vitro model. Methods: An endotracheal tube was connected to a ventilator on one end and a test lung on the other. Sounds were recorded with a microphone located inside the endotracheal tube via a connector. During mechanical ventilation, we changed the endotracheal tube internal diameter from 5.0 to 8.0 mm and different grades of obstruction at different sites were used along the tube. Sound energy was compared among the different conditions. Results: The energy of endotracheal tube sounds was positively correlated with the internal diameter and negatively correlated with the degree of obstruction. The rate of decline in energy differed with obstruction location. When the obstruction was more distal, the rate of decline in endotracheal sound energy was more rapid. Conclusions: Changes in the sound of an endotracheal tube can be used to detect an obstruction. Further studies are needed for clinical application.

Analysis of epididymal sperm from Korean native bull (Hanwoo) aged at 8 and 15 months before freezing and after thawing

Sung-Sik Kang,Sang-Rae Cho,Ui-Hyung Kim,Chang-Seok Park,Hyeong-Cheol Kim,Ki-Yong Chung,Seok-Dong Lee,Sun-Sik Jang,Gi-jun Jeon,Sidong Kim,Myeong-Suk Lee,Byoung-Chul Yang 한국수정란이식학회 2016 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.31 No.2

The recovery of epididymal sperm in animals is considered as one of the important tools to preserve high value or endangered species. However, there are no appropriate castrating indicators such as months of age in bull, sperm morphology, and motility, particularly in young Korean native bull (Hanwoo). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate sperm number, morphology, and motility of sperm in the epididymis tail of young Hanwoo bulls at 8 and 15 months of age. After castration, epididymal tails were collected and minced with blades to recover sperm. In experiments 1 and 2, sperm number, morphology, and motility were examined. Total number of sperm and percentage of normal sperm from bulls at 8 months of age was lower than that of bulls at 15 months of age after collection (P<0.05). Percentage of abnormal head, tail, proximal cytoplasmic droplet, dead and damaged acrosome of sperm from bulls at 8 months of age were higher than those of bulls at 15 months of age (P<0.05). In experiment 3, sperm motility from bulls at 8 and 15 months of age were examined before freezing and after thawing. Frozen-thawed sperm at 8 months of age showed low total motility and motile sperm with ≥ 25 μm/sec compared to those at 15 months of age and commercially-used sperm (P<0.05). In conclusion, sperm derived from the epididymal tail of bulls at 8 months of age showed high abnormal morphology and poor motility, which are not adequate for AI and IVF. On the other hand, sperm derived from the epididymal tail of bulls at 15 months of age showed high normal morphology and motility.

The effect of different heights of liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapor on Hanwoo sperm motility and morphology after frozen-thawing

Sung-Sik Kang,Byoung-Chul Yang,Ui-Hyung Kim,Hyun-Ju Kim,Boh-Suk Yang,Ki-Yong Chung,Sun-Sik Jang,Seok-Dong Lee,Myoung-Sook Lee,Sang-Rae Cho 한국수정란이식학회 2017 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.05

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different heights from liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapor on sperm motility and morphology after frozen-thawing. Two ejaculates were collected from 2 fertile Hanwoo bulls (A and B) by using artificial vagina at Hanwoo Research Institute. After collection, ejaculates were transferred to laboratory immediately and diluted with semen extender (Optixcell, France). Sperm dilutions were extended to a final concentration of 40 x 106 sperm/ml, and cooled at 4°C for 4 h and loaded to 0.5 ml straws. The straws were divided into 2 groups. Straws were placed in 3 or 9 cm of LN2 vapor for 14 min and then plunged into LN2 tank and cryopreserved until evaluation. Sperm motility and motility parameters (total motility, VSL with 25μm≥, VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR, WOB, ALH and BCF) were evaluated by sperm class analysis (SCA, IVOS, Spain) after frozen-thawed. In bull A, 3cm group showed higher percentages of total motility, VSL with 25μm and VAP compared those with 9cm group (98.0 vs. 93.4%, 62.4 vs. 54.0% and 98.6 vs. 93.2%, 3 vs. 9 cm, irrespectively; p<0.001). In bull B, frozen-thawed sperm of 3cm group showed higher percentages of VSL with 25μm, VCL, VSL, VAP and BCF compared with those of 9cm group (43.5 vs. 26.0%, 123.8 vs. 111.6 μm, 62.9 vs. 57.3 μm and 81.5 vs. 72.5 μm; 3 vs. 9 cm, irrespectively; p<0.001). The viability and acrosomal integrity of spermatozoa were evaluated by Trypanblue/Giemsa staining method divided into 4 groups; live and intact acrosome (LIA), live and damaged acrosome (LDA), dead intact acrosome integrity (DIA), dead damaged acrosome (DDA). In bull A, frozen-thawed sperm of 3 and 9cm groups showed no significant difference in LIA, LDA, DIA and DDA. In bull B, 3 cm group showed higher LIA and lower DIA compared with those of 9 cm group (73.2 vs. 23.7% and 23.7 vs. 32.2%, 3 vs. 9 cm, irrespectively; p<0.001). We suspected that 3 cm vapor on LN2 vapor might be affected positively spermatozoa viability and acrosomal integrity compared with 9 cm group. In conclusion, semen freezing procedure in the present study will improve sperm quality after frozen thawing.

Modulation of Rit Activation by the Alpha Subunit of Go

Chul-Min Yang,Sung-Ho Ghil 대한의생명과학회 2009 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.15 No.4

Heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins, G-proteins, mediate signal transduction generated by neurotransmitters and hormones. Among G-proteins, Go proteins are the most abundant in brain and classified as a member of Gi family. Ras-like protein in all tissues (Rit), one of the small GTPases, is a member of a Ras superfamily and identified as an important regulator of neuronal differentiation and cell transformation. Recently, we have reported that Rit functioned as a candidate downstream effector for alpha subunit of Go proteins (Goα) and regulated neurite outgrowth triggered by Goα activation. In this study, we showed that the GTPase domain of Goα contributed to the direct interaction with Rit. We also demonstrated that Goα could lead to an increase of Rit activity suggesting that Rit play a role as a downstream effector of Goα.

Scoring of prognostic factors that influence long-term survival in patients with hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer

Sung Woo Ahn,Ahn Soo Na,Jae Do Yang,Hong Pil Hwang,Hee Chul Yu,Baik Hwan Cho 한국간담췌외과학회 2011 한국간담췌외과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Backgrounds/Aims: To find independent predictors that affect the survival in patients with hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer after surgery and to devise a risk scoring system. Methods: Among 150 patients who underwent hepatic resection after diagnosis of colorectal cancer with hepatic metastasis between March 1994 and February 2009, we analyzed clinical, pathologic and outcome data retrospectively. Results: The 1-year survival rate was 83%, and the 5-year survival rate was 35%. Nine factors were found to be independent predictors of adverse outcome by univariate analysis: stage of primary tumor, CA19-9 >36 U/ml, extrahepatic disease, distribution of the hepatic tumor, number of hepatic tumors >3, largest hepatic tumor >5 cm, total size >10 cm, CEA >10 ng/ml, and metachronous cancer. The last two of these criteria were also significant risk factors on multivariate analysis. When these criteria were used as a risk scoring system, assigning one point for each criterion and dividing the cases into A, B and C groups, the total score was highly predictive of outcomes (p<0.001). No patients in group C (6 to 9 points) were long-term survivors. Conclusions: Long-term outcome can be predicted from nine criteria that are readily available for all patients. Patients meeting up to two criteria (group A) are more likely to have a favorable outcome compared to the three or over (groups B and C). This scoring system may offer an easy, rapid, and reliable prognostic indicator of survival outcome after hepatic resection in patients with hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer. (Korean J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2011;15:146-151)

Concentration and Environmental Loading of Veterinary Antibiotics in Agricultural Irrigation Ditches

Sung-Chul Kim,Doug Young Chung,Kye Hoon Kim,Ja Hyun Lee,Hyo Kyung Kim,Jae E. Yang,Yong Sik Ok,Yaser A.O. Almarwei 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.6

The concentration of veterinary antibiotics in aqueous and sediment matrices was measured in agricultural irrigation ditches bordering several animal-feeding operations (AFOs) and then compared to its concentration in the watershed. Analytical determination in aqueous samples was based on solid phase extraction (SPE) and appropriate buffer solutions were used to extract residuals in sediment samples. Separation and detection of extracted veterinary antibiotics were performed with high performance liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). In general, higher concentrations of antibiotic were observed in the aqueous phase of irrigation ditches, with the highest concentration of erythromycin hydrochloride (ETM-H₂O) of 0.53 μg L^-1, than in aqueous watershed samples. In contrast, higher concentrations were measured in river sediment than in irrigation ditch sediment with the highest concentration of oxytetracycline of 110.9 μg kg^-1. There was a high calculated correlation ( > 0.95) between precipitation and measured concentration in aqueous samples from the irrigation ditches for five of the ten targeted veterinary antibiotics, indicating that surface runoff could be an important transport mechanism of veterinary antibiotics from field to environment. Further, environmental loading calculation based on measured concentrations in aqueous samples and flow information clearly showed that irrigation ditches were 18 times greater than river. This result suggests the likelihood that veterinary antibiotics can be transported via irrigation ditches to the watershed. The transport via surface runoff and likely environmental loading via irrigation ditches examined in this study helps identify the pathway of veterinary antibiotics residuals in the environment.

Expression of Vimentin Intermediate Filament for Vascular Development in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Yang, Hyun,Lee, Jang-Wook,Noh, Jae Koo,Kim, Hyun Chul,Park, Choul-Ji,Park, Jong-Won,Hwang, In Joon,Kim, Sung Yeon,Lee, Jeong-Ho 한국발생생물학회 2014 발생과 생식 Vol.18 No.2

Cardiovascular system is the primary organ to develop and reach a functional state, which underscores the essential role of the vasculature in the developing embryo. The vasculature is a highly specialized organ that functions in a number of key physiological works including the carrying of oxygen and nutrients to tissues. It is closely involved in the formation of heart, and hence it is essential for survival during the hatching period. The expression of genes involved during vascular development in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in the days after hatching is not fully understood. Therefore, we examined the expression patterns of genes activated during the development of flounder. Microscopic observations showed that formation of blood vessels is related to the expression of the vimentin gene. Also, the temporal expression patterns of this vimentin-like gene in the developmental stages and in the normal tissues of olive flounder. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression patterns of vimentin in normal tissues of the olive flounder and during the development of the vascular system in newly hatched olive flounders and HIF-1 plays a vital role in the formation of blood vessels during development. Vimentin expression was strong at the beginning of the development of blood vessels, and was present throughout all developmental stages. Our findings have important implications with respect to the roles of vimentin and HIF-1 in the development and evolution of the first blood vessels in olive flounder. Further studies are required to elucidate the vimentin-mediated hypoxic response signal transduction and to decipher the functional role of vimentin in developmental stages.

Distribution of serum bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its metabolite in Korean adult men and its association with reproductive hormone levels

Sang-il Kim,Yun-jung Yang,Yeon-pyo Hong,Soon-Chul Myung,Sae-Chul Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2015 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.11 No.1

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is a widely used coating for food cans and containers and so can be ingested along with contained food; however, measurement of BADGE in biological samples has not previously been performed. This study was conducted to determine serum concentrations of BADGE um and to evaluate the relationship between serum BADGE level and reproductive hormone levels in adult Korean petrochemical factory and non-petrochemical workers (n=223). BADGE and BADGE∙2H2O levels in serum were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry, and reproductive hormones were analyzed using radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assay. The relationships between BADGE and BADGE∙2H2O and reproductive hormone levels were assessed using generalized linear models and the distributions of BADGE and BADGE ∙2H2O were skewed to the right. Serum BADGE and BADGE∙2H2O in non-petrochemicalworkers showed a positive association with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, β=0.241; 95% CI, 0.016 to 0.466) but a negative association with estradiol (E2, β=-0.116; 95% CI, -0.210 to -0.022). In this study, the serum BADGE and BADGE∙2H2O concentrations were sufficiently high to produce hormonal alterations in adult men.

Differential Expression Patterns of Crystallin Genes during Ocular Development of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Yang Hyun,Lee Young Mee,Noh Jae Koo,Kim Hyun Chul,Park Choul Ji,Park Jong Won,Hwang In Joon,Kim Sung Yeon,Lee Jeong Ho 한국발생생물학회 2012 발생과 생식 Vol.16 No.4

Olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus is one of the most widely cultured fish species in Korea. Although olive flounder receive attention from aquaculture and fisheries and extensive research has been conducted eye morphological change in metamorphosis, but little information was known to molecular mechanism and gene expression of eye development- related genes during the early part of eye formation period. For the reason of eyesight is the most important sense in flounder larvae to search prey, the screening and identification of expressed genes in the eye will provide useful insight into the molecular regulation mechanism of eye development in olive flounder. Through the search of an olive flounder DNA database of expressed sequence tags (EST), we found a partial sequence that was similar to crystallin beta A1 and gamma S. Microscopic observation of retinal formation correspond with the time of expression of the crystallin beta A1 and gamma S gene in the developmental stage, these result suggesting that beta A1 and gamma S play a vital role in the remodeling of the retina during eye development. The expression of crystallin beta A1 and gamma S were obviously strong in eye at all tested developing stage, it is also hypothesized that crystallin acts as a molecular chaperone to prevent protein aggregation during maturation and aging in the eye.