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Inter - Grain Exchange Interaction and Hysteresis Loops of Melt - Spun Nd₁₃Fe77B10
J. H. Min,Y. B. Kim,W. S. Park,M. J. Park,Li Tian 한국자기학회 1996 Journal of Magnetics Vol.1 No.2
Hysteresis loops of melt-spun Nd₁₃Fe_(77) B_(10) cooled down at remanent state were measured at 4.2 K and 250 K. The hysteresis loops were analysed on the basis of the Stoner-Wohlfarth (S-W) model, the inter-grain exchange coupled single domain (SD) model and micromagnetism. The coercivity higher than that predicted from the S-W model and the striking shift of the thin minor loop along the H-axis observed at the fields of Hmax = 4 MA/m at 4.2 K indicated new evidences for the inter-grain exchange interaction. The S-W model failed in explaining the high_i Hc and the shift of the thin minor loop. The exchange coupled SD model was found to explain the experimental results qualitatively without difficulties associated with the S-W model. The micromagnetic calculations using a finite element technique simulated the experimental results fairly well quntitatively.
Tian, J.Z.,Yun, M.S.,Ju, W.S.,Long, H.F.,Kim, J.H.,Kil, D.Y.,Chang, J.S.,Cho, S.B.,Kim, Y.Y.,Han, In K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium (Se) sources and levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and Se retention in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 56 crossbred pigs ([$Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$]${\times}$Large White) with average $28.5{\pm}0.2kg$ BW were allotted to 7 treatments on the basis of sex and weight in two replicates and four pigs per pen. A $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Two sources of Se (selenite Se or Se-enriched yeast) were added at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg to each treatment diet. A basal diet without Se supplementation was the seventh treatment group. Three pigs per treatment were randomly selected and samples of loin, liver, pancreas and a kidney were collected, frozen and later analyzed for Se. The digestibility trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent absorption and retention of Se and availability of other nutrients. Growth performance was not affected by dietary sources and levels of Se. No growth retardation was observed in the 0.5 mg/kg dietary Se treatment group regardless of Se sources. The Se concentration of serum in Se supplemented groups was increased compared with the control group (p<0.01). During the growing and finishing phase, Se in serum was clearly increased when organic Se was provided (p<0.01). Interaction of Se source ${\times}$ Se level was observed in Se concentration of loin, liver and pancreas of the pigs at the end of experiment. Selenium retention in the liver, kidney, pancreas and loin of pigs was increased as dietary Se level increased and was higher when pigs were fed organic Se resulting in an interaction response (p<0.01). Nutrient digestibilities were not affected by dietary Se sources or levels. No dietary Se source ${\times}$ Se level interaction was observed in nutrient digestibility. The results from this experiment indicated that dietary Se sources and levels affected the distribution of Se in the body of growing-finishing pigs. Organic source of Se, such as Se-enriched yeast resulted in higher serum and tissue Se concentration compared to inorganic form, while no beneficial effects on nutrient digestibility were observed from dietary Se supplementation in growing-finishing pigs.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O_4 and Li_4Ti_5O_12
G. Q. Liu,L.Wen,G. Y. Liu,H. Z. Luo,B. Y. Ma,Q. Y. Wu,Y. W. Tian 대한금속·재료학회 2011 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.17 No.4
Spinel compound LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O_4 (LNMCO) and Li_4Ti_5O_12 (LTO) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and the solid-state method, respectively. The particle sizes of the products LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O_4 and Li_4Ti_5O_12 were 0.5 to 2 um and 0.5 to 0.8 um, respectively. All samples exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. A LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O_4/Li_4Ti_5O_12 (LNMCO/LTO) cell was fabricated and was demonstrated to exhibit good electrochemical properties at the high current rate of 1 C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMCO cathode, the LNMCO/LTO cell delivered 125 mAh g^(−1) at 1 C and 77 mAh g^(−1) at 5 C. The capacity retentions after 30 cycles were 94.4 % and 83.1 %, respectively.
EFFECTS OF ARGON DILUTION ON THE THERMAL EFFICIENCY AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF A NG ENGINE
W. F. LI,Z. C. LIU,J. TIAN,Z. S. WANG,Y. XU 한국자동차공학회 2015 International journal of automotive technology Vol.16 No.5
Argon (Ar) is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere. About 700,000 tonnes of Ar are produced worldwide every year. Ar is inexpensive since it occurs naturally in air, and is readily obtained as a byproduct of cryogenic air separation in the production of O2 and N2. To decrease NOx emissions and slightly improve the thermal efficiency, Ar has been used in ICE before. However, it appears that it was used only in diesel and gasoline engines. This paper presents the effects of Ar dilution on the thermal efficiency and NOx emissions of a 6-cylinder natural gas SI engine. Ar was added into the intake charge at fixed boundaries under 1450 rpm and 50% load. The results show that the thermal efficiency increases first and then decreases with NOx emissions being decreased significantly as the dilution ratio (DR) of Ar increases. The thermal efficiency peaks at 9.8% DR with NOx emissions being decreased by 31.1%. At the maximum DR (18.4%), the thermal efficiency decreases by 0.3% with NOx emissions being decreased by 64.0%. Furthermore, from comparative experimental results it can be concluded that Ar dilution is superior in maintaining higher thermal efficiencies than CO2 and N2 for NG engines.
New Lead-acid Battery Management System Based on Generator Regulation
G. Y. ZHANG,X. W. ZHAO,J. X. QIANG,F. TIAN,L. YANG 한국자동차공학회 2012 International journal of automotive technology Vol.13 No.4
A novel regulation system for a vehicle generator and lead-acid battery is proposed in this paper. By integrating the regulation method, the output voltage of the generator is determined and controlled by the algorithm to save electrical energy and protect the lead-acid battery. The regulation algorithm is implemented in Matlab/Simulink, and the logic function of the system is verified using the dSPACE/AutoBox workbench. The experimental results show that the new algorithm improves the performance of the fuel economy of the vehicle and the battery state-of-health compared to the traditional control method.