True Digestibility of Phosphorus in Different Resources of Feed Ingredients in Growing Pigs

Wu, X.,Ruan, Z.,Zhang, Y.G.,Hou, Y.Q.,Yin, Y.L.,Li, T.J.,Huang, R.L.,Chu, W.Y.,Kong, X.F.,Gao, B.,Chen, L.X. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.1

To determine the true digestible phosphorus (TDP) requirement of growing pigs, two experiments were designed with the experimental diets containing five true digestible P levels (0.16%, 0.20%, 0.23%, 0.26% and 0.39%) and the ratio of total calcium to true digestible P (TDP) kept at 2:1. In Experiment 1, five barrows (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) with an average initial body weight of 27.9 kg were used in a $5{\times}5$ Latin-square design to evaluate the effect of different dietary P levels on the digestibility and output of P and nitrogen. In Experiment 2, sixty healthy growing pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) with an average body weight (BW) of 21.4 kg were assigned randomly to one of the five dietary treatments (12 pigs/diet), and were used to determine the true digestible phosphorus (TDP) requirement of growing pigs on the basis of growth performance and serum biochemical indices. The results indicated that the true digestibility of P increased (p<0.05) linearly with increasing dietary TDP level below 0.26%. The true P digestibility was highest (56.6%) when dietary TDP was 0.34%. Expressed as g/kg dry matter intake (DMI), fecal P output increased (p<0.05) linearly with increasing P input. On the basis of g/kg fecal dry matter (DM), fecal P output was lowest for Diet 4 and highest (p<0.05) for Diet 5. The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) did not differ (p>0.05) among the five diets, with the average nitrogen output of 12.14 g/d and nitrogen retention of 66% to 74% (p>0.05), which suggested that there was no interaction between dietary P and CP protein levels. During the 28-d experimental period of Experiment 2, the average daily gain (ADG) of pigs was affected by dietary TDP levels as described by Eq. (1): $y=-809,532x^4+788,079x^3-276,250x^2+42,114x-1,759$; ($R^2=0.99$; p<0.01; y = ADG, g/d; x = dietary TDP, %), F/G for pigs by Eq. (2): $y=3,651.1x^4-3,480.4x^3+1,183.8x^2-172.5x+10.9$ ($R^2=0.99$; p<0.01; y = F/G; x = dietary TDP, %), and Total P concentrations in serum by Eq. (3): $y=-3,311.7x^4+3,342.7x^3-1,224.6x^2+195.6x-8.7$ (R2 = 0.99; p<0.01; y = total serum P concentration and x = dietary TDP, %). The highest ADG (782 g/d), the lowest F/G (1.07) and the highest total serum P concentration (3.1 mmol/L) were obtained when dietary TDP level was 0.34%. Collectively, these results indicate that the optimal TDP requirement of growing pigs is 0.34% of the diet at a total Ca to TDP ratio of 2:1.

Synthesis, Structure and Magnetization Behaviors of MnBi/Fe₃B/Nd₂Fe<SUB>14</SUB>B Nanocomposite alloy

Y. Yang,Q. Wu,Y. C. Hu,P. Y. Zhang,H. L. Ge 한국자기학회 2016 Journal of Magnetics Vol.21 No.2

Microstructure and magnetization behaviors of MnBi/Fe₃B/Nd₂Fe14B nanocomposite alloy have been investigated. It was found that the coercivity increased firstly and then decreased, and saturation magnetization decreased with the additon of MnBi alloy. The addition of 40 wt.% MnBi powder enhanced the coercivity from 192.8 kA/m to 311.2 kA/m. The δM and D(H)-H plots suggested the occurrence of a stronger exchange-coupling occurring between the hard and soft magnetic phase for this sample. The dependence of coercivity with temperature was discussed in 40 wt.% Mn55Bi45/ 60 wt.% Nd4.5Fe76.5Nb0.5B18.5 alloy powder, and a positive temperature coefficient was founded from 298 K to 350 K.

Experimental study of the x-ray linear dichroism of NiO films grown on Fe(001)

Wu, Y. Z.,Sinkovic, B.,Won, C.,Zhu, J.,Zhao, Y.,Qiu, Z. Q. American Physical Society 2012 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.85 No.13

Intestinal Development and Function of Broiler Chickens on Diets Supplemented with Clinoptilolite

Wu, Q.J.,Zhou, Y.M.,Wu, Y.N.,Wang, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.7

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural clinoptilolite (NCLI) and modified clinoptilolite (MCLI) on broiler performance, gut morphology, intestinal length and weight, and gut digestive enzyme activity. A total of 240 d-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 3 treatments, each of which comprised 8 pens of 10 chicks per pen. Birds in the control group were fed the basal diet, while those in the experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with NCLI at 2% (NCLI group), or MCLI at 2% (MCLI group), respectively, for 42 d. Compared with the control, supplementation with NCLI or MCLI had no significant (p>0.05) effects on productive parameters from d 1 to 42. Supplementation with NCLI or MCLI had no influence on the relative length and weight of small intestine at d 1 to 21. But supplementation with NCLI or MCLI significantly reduced the relative weight of duodenum. Supplementation with MCLI and NCLI was associated with greater (p<0.05) villus height in the jejunal and ileal mucosa compared with those areas in the controls from d 1 to 42. However, supplementation with NCLI and MCLI had no significant (p>0.05) influence on the crypt depth in the jejunal and ileal mucosa compared with those in the controls. The addition of either NCLI or MCLI to the diet improved the activities of total protease, and amylase in the small intestinal contents. In conclusion, supplementation with NCLI or MCLI in diets improved intestinal morphology, increased the intestinal length and weigh and gut digestive enzyme activity.

Mechanical, thermal expansion, and flammability properties of co-extruded wood polymer composites with basalt fiber reinforced shells

Wu, Q.,Chi, K.,Wu, Y.,Lee, S. BUTTERWORTH - HEINEMANN 2014 MATERIALS AND DESIGN Vol.60 No.-

Basalt fiber (BF) filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) and co-extruded wood plastic composites (WPCs) with BF/HDPE composite shell were successfully prepared and their mechanical, morphological and thermal properties characterized. The BFs had an average diameter of 7μm with an organic surfactant surface coating, which was thermally decomposed at about 210<SUP>o</SUP>C. Incorporating BFs into HDPE matrix substantially enhanced flexural, tensile and dynamic modulus without causing a noticeable decrease in the tensile and impact strength of the composites. Micromechanical modeling of tensile properties for the BF/HDPE composites showed a good fit of the selected models to the experimental data. Compared to neat HDPE, BF/HDPE composites had reduced linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) values. The use of the pure HDPE and BF/HDPE layers over a WPC core greatly improved impact strength of core-shell structured composites. However, the relatively less-stiff HDPE shell with large LCTE values decreased the overall composite modulus and thermal stability. Both flexural and thermal expansion properties were enhanced with BF reinforced HDPE shells, leading to well-balanced properties of core-shell structured material. Cone calorimetry analysis indicated that flammability performance of core-shell structured composites was improved as the BF content increased in the shell layer.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O_4 and Li_4Ti_5O_12

G. Q. Liu,L.Wen,G. Y. Liu,H. Z. Luo,B. Y. Ma,Q. Y. Wu,Y. W. Tian 대한금속·재료학회 2011 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.17 No.4

Spinel compound LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O_4 (LNMCO) and Li_4Ti_5O_12 (LTO) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and the solid-state method, respectively. The particle sizes of the products LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O_4 and Li_4Ti_5O_12 were 0.5 to 2 um and 0.5 to 0.8 um, respectively. All samples exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. A LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O_4/Li_4Ti_5O_12 (LNMCO/LTO) cell was fabricated and was demonstrated to exhibit good electrochemical properties at the high current rate of 1 C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMCO cathode, the LNMCO/LTO cell delivered 125 mAh g^(−1) at 1 C and 77 mAh g^(−1) at 5 C. The capacity retentions after 30 cycles were 94.4 % and 83.1 %, respectively.

Effect of Galacto-mannan-oligosaccharides or Chitosan Supplementation on Cytoimmunity and Humoral Immunity in Early-weaned Piglets

Yin, Y.-L.,Tang, Z.R.,Sun, Z.H.,Liu, Z.Q.,Li, T.J.,Huang, R.L.,Ruan, Z.,Deng, Z.Y.,Gao, B.,Chen, L.X.,Wu, G.Y.,Kim, S.W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.5

Immunomodulatory feed additives might offer alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in pig production. This experiment was designed to determine the effects of dietary galacto-mannan-oligosaccharide (GMOS) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on the immune response in early-weaned piglets. Forty 15-day-old piglets (Duroc$\times$Landrace$\times$Yorkshire) with an average live body weight of $5.6{\pm}0.51kg$ were weaned and randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups that were fed maize-soybean meal diets containing either basal, 110 mg/kg of lincomycin, 250 mg/kg of COS or 0.2% GMOS, respectively, over a 2-week period. Another six piglets of the same age were sacrificed on the same day at the beginning of the study for sampling, in order to obtain baseline values. Interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$gene expression in peripheral blood monocytes, jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes, as well as serum levels of IL-1${\beta}$ IL-2 and IL-6, IgA, IgG, and IgM, were evaluated for 5 pigs from each group at 15 and 28 days of age. The results indicate that weaning stress resulted in decreases in serum antibody and cytokine levels. Dietary supplementation with GMOS or COS enhanced (p<0.05) IL-1${\beta}$gene expression in jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes, as well as serum levels of IL-1${\beta}$ IL-2, IL-6, IgA, IgG and IgM compared to supplementation with lincomycin. These findings suggest that GMOS or COS may enhance the cell-mediated immune response in early-weaned piglets by modulating the production of cytokines and antibodies, which shows that GMOS or COS have different effects than the antibiotic on animal growth and health.

Field dependence of antiferromagnetic domain switching in epitaxial Fe/CoO/MgO(001) systems

Li, Q.,Ma, T. P.,Yang, M.,Sun, L.,Huang, S. Y.,Li, R. W.,Won, C.,Qiu, Z. Q.,Wu, Y. Z. American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review B Vol.96 No.2

<P>Utilizing the magneto-optic Kerr effect and Kerr microscopy measurements, we investigated the antiferro-magnetic (AFM) domain switching process at different magnetic fields in a single-crystalline Fe/CoO bilayer grown on MgO(001) substrate. In spite of the zero-net magnetic moment in the CoO layer, we find that the activation energy barrier of CoO AFM domain switching decreased at larger magnetic field. To separate the different behaviors of domain nucleation and domain wall motion during the CoO spin switching process, a new analytical method was developed. Using this method, we found that the CoO domain nucleation energy barrier exhibited a jump at a critical magnetic field while the CoO domain wall motion experienced only a tiny energy barrier variation. The field-dependent behaviors of the energy barriers were attributed to the formation of a spiral domain wall in the Fe layer during its magnetization reversal and this was supported by micromagnetic simulations.</P>

Activation of antiferromagnetic domain switching in exchange-coupled Fe/CoO/MgO(001) systems

Li, Q.,Chen, G.,Ma, T. P.,Zhu, J.,N'Diaye, A. T.,Sun, L.,Gu, T.,Huo, Y.,Liang, J. H.,Li, R. W.,Won, C.,Ding, H. F.,Qiu, Z. Q.,Wu, Y. Z. American Physical Society 2015 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.91 No.13

Photocatalytic performance of highly transparent and mesoporous molybdenum-doped titania films fabricated by templating cellulose nanocrystals

Yoon, Y.H.,Lee, S.Y.,Gwon, J.G.,Cho, H.J.,Wu, Q.,Kim, Y.H.,Lee, W.H. Elsevier 2018 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.44 No.14

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this paper, the synthesis of mesoporous Mo-doped titania films templated by cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and their photocatalytic performance are reported for the first time. The prepared titania composite precursors containing the CNCs and molybdenum chloride were spin-coated on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate, followed by calcining at 400 °C for 1 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV–vis spectrometer were employed to characterize the phase composition, pore structure, morphology, and optical property of the titania films in relation to CNCs templating and Mo doping. Photocatalytic performances of the titania films were also evaluated on the photodegradation of trichloroethylene under a fluorescent light source. The Mo-doped titania films with CNCs templating were highly transparent and mesoporous, exhibiting only anatase phase, high specific surface areas ranging in 135.4 – 149.0 m<SUP>2</SUP>/g, and small crystallite sizes of 9.5 – 11.1 nm. The results indicate that Mo ions were successfully doped by substituting for Ti ions in the titania lattice. The Mo doping stabilized the anatase phase and also increased the surface area of the CNCs-templated titania film while decreasing the mean pore width. Notably, the visible light absorption capacity and photocatalytic activity of the CNCs-templated titania films doped with Mo were dramatically greater than those of the pure and the CNCs-templated titania films, which is ascribed to the decreased recombination rate of photoexcited charges and the increased surface area with aids of the CNCs templating and the Mo doping.</P>