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Won, Kyoung A.,Lim, Nak H.,Lee, Min K.,Park, Min K.,Yang, Gwi Y.,Park, Yoon-Yub,Ahn, Dong K.,Bae, Yong C. The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2010 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.35 No.3
We investigated the role of the central MAPK pathways in extra-territorial (referred) pain resulting from inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Experiments were carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-280 g. Under anesthesia, these animals were injected with 50 μL of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the TMJ using a Hamilton syringe. In the control group, saline was injected into the TMJ. To identify the extent of inflammation of the TMJ, Evans blue dye (0.1%, 5 mg/kg) was injected intravenously at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days after CFA injection. The concentration of Evans blue dye in the extracted TMJ tissue was found to be significantly higher in the CFA-treated animals than in the saline-treated group. Air-puff thresholds in the vibrissa pad area were evaluated 3 days before and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days after CFA injection into the TMJ. Referred mechanical allodynia was established at 3 days, remained until 12 days, and recovered to preoperative levels at 18 days after CFA injection. This referred mechanical allodynia was observed in contralateral side area. To investigate the role of central MAPK pathways, MAPK inhibitors (10 μg) were administrated intracisternally 9 days after CFA injection. SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, significantly attenuated referred mechanical allodynia, as compared with the vehicle group. PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, also reduced CFA-induced referred mechanical allodynia. These results suggest that TMJ inflammation produces extra-territorial mechanical allodynia, and that this is mediated by central MAPK pathways.
Measurement of Unbound Excited States of ^(24)O
추경호,사토,T. Nakamura,N. Aoi,방형찬,S. CHOI,S. Deguchi,F. Delaunay,J. Gibelin,T. Honda,M. Ishihara,Y. Kawada,Y. Kondo,T. Kobayashi,N. Kobayashi,F. M. Marques,M. Matsushita,Y. Miyashita,T. Motobayashi,Y. Nak 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
The unbound excited states of the most neutron-rich oxygen isotope, ^(24)O (Z = 8, N = 16), have been investigated using the ^(24)O(p,p') ^(24)O^* → ^(23)O+n reaction at RIKEN, where a 63 MeV/neuclon secondary beam of ^(24)O was produced in a Be production target by the projectile-like fragmentation of a 95 MeV/u ^(40)Ar primary beam. The first excited 2^* state was observed in the invariant mass spectrum. This experiment will give us a deeper understanding of the new magic number at N=16 in the neutron-rich oxygen isotopes.
성낙헌,강보연,조병기,Sung, Nak-Heon,Kang, B.Y.,Cho, B.K. 한국초전도학회 2010 Progress in superconductivity Vol.11 No.2
$SrPd_2Ge_2$ single crystals were grown by self-flux method. Several shiny plate-like single crystals were obtained. The crystal structure and lattice parameters were characterized using the x-ray diffractometor, which indicates the crystals are in a single phase of $ThCr_2Si_2$-type. We confirmed superconducting transition temperature at 2.7 K by measuring magnetization and electrical resistivity.
Analysis of Longitudinal Strains of Cross-ply Composite Laminates using A-EFPI Optical Fiber Sensor
Woo, Sung-Choong,Choi, Nak-Sam,Kwon, Il-Bum,Rhee, Kyong Y. Sage Publications 2007 Journal of composite materials Vol.41 No.7
<P>The longitudinal strains (U03B5;<SUB>x</SUB>) of the core and the skin layers in glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) cross-ply composite laminates are analyzed using embedded optical fiber sensors (OFSs) of absolute extrinsic FabryU2014;Perot interferometer (A-EFPI). Foil-type strain gages (SGs) bonded on both upper and lower surfaces of a specimen are employed for comparison of the strain measurement on the surface. It has been shown that the values of U03B5;<SUB>x</SUB> in the interior of the skin layer and the core layer measured by embedded A-EFPI sensor are lower than those of the specimen surface measured by SGs. Experimental results agree well with those from finite element analysis based on a shear lag model. Optical microscopy observation of the damage behavior around the fiber sensor by the thin-sectioning technique shows that reinforcing glass fibers protect the OFS embedded in the 0<SUP> U00B0;</SUP> skin layer, whereas the formation of transverse cracks in the 90<SUP> U00B0;</SUP> core layer substantially reduces strains at the failure of OFS embedded in the core layer.</P>
Neutron and proton energy spectra from the non-mesonic weak decays of HeΛ5 and CΛ12
Okada, S.,Ajimura, S.,Aoki, K.,Banu, A.,Bhang, H.C.,Fukuda, T.,Hashimoto, O.,Hwang, J.I.,Kameoka, S.,Kang, B.H.,Kim, E.H.,Kim, J.H.,Kim, M.J.,Maruta, T.,Miura, Y.,Miyake, Y.,Nagae, T.,Nakamura, M.,Nak Elsevier 2004 Physics letters: B Vol.597 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We have simultaneously measured the energy spectra of neutrons and protons emitted in the non-mesonic weak decays of HeΛ5 and CΛ12 hypernuclei produced via the (<SUP>π+</SUP>,<SUP>K+</SUP>) reaction with much higher statistics than those of previous experiments. The neutron-to-proton yield ratios for both hypernuclei at a high energy threshold (60 MeV) were approximately equal to two, which suggests that the ratio of the neutron- and proton-induced decay channels, <SUB>Γn</SUB>(Λn→nn)/<SUB>Γp</SUB>(Λp→np), is about 0.5. In the neutron energy spectra, we found that the yield of the low-energy component is unexpectedly large, even for HeΛ5.</P>
Na, K.,Pyo Kim, Y. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2007 Atmospheric environment Vol.41 No.32
A chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model was used for estimating the diurnal contributions of VOC emission sources to the ambient C<SUB>2</SUB>-C<SUB>9</SUB> VOC concentration in Seoul, Korea. For this purpose, the VOC concentrations were measured in the morning, the afternoon, and the evening. The samples were collected using a 2-h integrated SUMMA canister. The source profiles were developed for the CMB calculation in the Seoul area. To investigate the effect of the chemical reaction loss of VOCs on the CMB calculation, the modified model employing a decay factor and the standard model that considers no loss were compared. The modified model estimated that the vehicle exhaust (52%) was the largest leading source of VOCs in the Seoul atmosphere, followed by the use of solvents (26%), gasoline evaporation (15%), the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (5%), and the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) (2%). Relative source contribution for vehicle exhaust showed a clear diurnal variation with a high in the morning and evening and a low in the afternoon, while the contribution of evaporative emissions (gasoline evaporation and solvent usage) showed a different diurnal pattern from that of the vehicle exhaust, exhibiting a high in the afternoon and evening and a low in the morning. It was found that the difference between the total source contribution (μgm<SUP>-3</SUP>) estimated from these two models was not statistically significant. However, when the paired-sample t-test is applied to the individual sources, a significant difference was found for the vehicle exhaust and the solvent use. In addition, the modified model brought forth a better performance with high R<SUP>2</SUP> and low χ<SUP>2</SUP> as compared to those obtained from the standard model in the CMB calculation. The vehicle exhaust and solvent use were estimated to be the largest and the second largest contributors to ambient benzene as well as ozone formation potential (OFP), respectively. Based on above results we believe that incorporating the reaction loss in the CMB calculations helps to better fit the source profile to the ambient VOC concentrations. However, the reaction loss does not significantly affect the estimation of source contributions.