유형별 완전혼합사료 급여가 반추위내의 발효성상 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향

이덕윤,고종렬,최낙진,이상석,송재용,이세영,박성호,성하균,하종규 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.5

This study was conducted to examine effects of feeding dry TMR(DTMR), wet TMR(WTMR) and fermented TMR(FTMR) on rumen fermentation, enzyme activity and digestibility in the total tract of sheep. Three rumen cannulated sheep were used in a 3 × 3 latin square design. The present results showed that ?, NH_(3)-N, total and individual VFA, A/P ratio and enzymes (CMCase, Xylanase and Protease) activity in the rumen were higher in WTMR and FTMR compared with DTMR. In addition, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, NDF and ADF digestibility in the total tract were also higher in WTMR and FTMR compared with DTMR. Therefore, the present results showed that WTMR and FTMr are better than DTMR for rumen fermentation and nutrients digestibility.

Synthesis and evaluation of a novel chiral derivatization reagent for resolution of carboxylic acid enantiomers by RP-HPLC

Li, L.P.,Jin, M.N.,Shi, Q.,Xu, C.Y.,Jiang, Y.Z.,Lee, Y.I.,Min, J.Z. Academic Press 2017 Microchemical Journal Vol. No.

<P>A novel derivatization reagent, N-[1-Oxo-5-(triphenylphosphonium)pentyl]-(S)-3-aminopyrrolidine (OTPA), with triphenylphosphine (TPP) as a basic structure carrying a permanent positive charge was developed for the enantiomeric separation of chiral carboxylic acids by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). OTPA reacted with the carboxylic acids at 40 degrees C within 90 min in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt). The degree of epimerization (racemization) during the derivatization reaction was negligible. The separability of the diastereomers was evaluated in terms of their resolution value (Rs). The Rs values of the derivatives of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which were selected as the representative carboxylic acids, were completely separated by reversed-phase chromatography using an ODS (4.6 mm x 150 mm I.D., 5.0 mu m) column. The resolution Rs values were 1.54-2.23 for the evaluated carboxylic acids and the OTPA-derivatization was also effective for the enantiomeric separation of chiral carboxylic acids. The calibration curves (r(2) > 0.9971) were linear over the concentration range of 0.0125-1.25 mM for each enantiomer of ketoprofen (KET), and naproxen (NAP), 0.05-1.0 mM for each enantiomer of ibuprofen (IBU), 2-phenylpropionic acid (PPA), and loxoprofen (LOX), and 0.05-1.25 mM for each enantiomer of PBA. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) for each of the enantiomers of the NSAIDs and chiral carboxylic acid enantiomers was 1.4-7.6 mu mol/L. The inter-day and intra-day assay precisions were all <6.77% and the mean recoveries (%) of the NSAIDs and chiral carboxylic acids from the spiked human plasma were 95.27-101.12%. The derivatization followed by HPLC-UV enabled the separation and detection of NAP in human plasma with simple pretreatment. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Transplantation of Neural-Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury in Dogs

E. Y. Kim,J. H. Lee,K. J. Kim,K. S. Park,Y. B. Park,Y. N. Ha,M. Kim,K. W. Han,X. X Li,J. Yu,D. S. Lee,J. Y. Park,M. K. Kim 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

Cell transplantation therapy using adult stem cells has recently been identified as a potential treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI). But, recovery after traumatic SCI is very limited. As dogs are physiologically much more similar to human compared with other traditional mammalian models in disease presentation and clinical responses, a number of researches demonstrated canis familiaris is a suitable model for human diseases. This study investigated the effect of transplantation of canine Mesenchymal Stem Cells (cMSC) and neural-induced cMSC (nMSC) to understand how these cells improve neurological function in canine SCI model. The differentiation of cMSC into neural precursor cells was induced in dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium supplemented with N2-supplement, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and butylated hydroxyanisole. SCI was induced between T1 and T2 by surgical hemi-section in adult dogs, and then assigned to two groups according to the applied cell types (cMSC vs nMSC). Pelleted cMSC or nMSC were transplanted directly into the injured site after SCI, respectively. Analysis of motor function after transplantation was evaluated by modified Olby score. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histological and immunohistichemical analysis were also performed. Functional recovery in group of cMSC was increasing gradually after transplantation and was higher than nMSC. In MRI, we could not confirm any difference between the cMSC and nMSC experimental groups. Immunohistochemically, beta3-tubuline and nestin were observed in injury site of two experimental groups with the expression level close to non-injured groups. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells could promote neuronal reconstruction and repair motor function in SCI. These showed mesenchymal stem cells could be a great candidate as a therapeutic tools in degeneration disease, and dogs could be used to explore human regenerative medicine as a promising animal model. This research was supported by iPET (Grants 110056032CG000), Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of Korea.

Implication of intracellular ROS formation, caspase-3 activation and Egr-1 induction in platycodon D-induced apoptosis of U937 human leukemia cells

Shin, D.Y.,Kim, G.Y.,Li, W.,Choi, B.T.,Kim, N.D.,Kang, H.S.,Choi, Y.H. Masson Pub. USA, Inc 2009 BIOMEDICINE AND PHARMACOTHERAPY Vol.63 No.2

Platycodon D is a major constituent of triterpene saponins found in the root of Platycodon grandiflorum, Platycodi Radix, which is widely used in traditional Oriental medicine for the treatment of many chronic inflammatory diseases. The results of previous studies have shown that this compound has in vitro growth-inhibitory activity in human cancer cells, however, the mechanism by which this action occurs is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of platycodon D on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and evaluated the association of these effects with apoptotic tumor cell death using a human leukemic U937 cell line. The results of this study demonstrate that platycodon D mediates ROS production, and that this mediation is followed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨ<SUB>m</SUB>), activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Both the cytotoxic effects and apoptotic characteristics induced by platycodon D treatment were significantly inhibited by z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3 inhibitor, which demonstrates the important role that caspase-3 plays in the observed cytotoxic effect. Additionally, the transcription factor early growth response-1 (Egr-1) gene was transcriptionally activated and the levels of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) protein were elevated in platycodon D-treated U937 cells. However, the quenching of ROS generation in response to treatment with a ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, reversed the platycodon D-induced apoptosis effects via inhibition of Egr-1 activation, ROS production, MMP collapse, and the subsequent activation of caspase-3. Although further studies are needed to demonstrate that increased expression of Egr-1 by platycodon D leads directly to NAG-1 induction and subsequent apoptosis, our observations clearly indicate that ROS induced through Egr-1 activation are involved in the early molecular events involved in the platycodon D-induced apoptotic pathway.

Impact of low dose atorvastatin on development of new-onset diabetes mellitus in Asian population: Three-year clinical outcomes

Park, J.Y.,Rha, S.W.,Choi, B.,Choi, J.W.,Ryu, S.K.,Kim, S.,Noh, Y.K.,Choi, S.Y.,Akkala, R.G.,Li, H.,Ali, J.,Xu, S.,Ngow, H.A.,Lee, J.J.,Lee, G.N.,Kim, J.,Lee, S.,Na, J.O.,Choi, C.U.,Lim, H.E.,Kim, J.W Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Vol.184 No.-

Background: High dose atorvastatin is known to be associated with new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in patients with high risk for developing diabetes mellitus (DM). However, low dose atorvastatin is more commonly used as compared with high dose atorvastatin. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of low dose atorvastatin (LDA, 10mg or 20mg) on the development of NODM up to three years in Asian patients. Methods: From January 2004 to September 2009, we investigated a total of 3566 patients who did not have DM. To adjust for potential confounders, a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed using the logistic regression model. After PSM (C-statistics: 0.851), a total of 818 patients (LDA group, n=409 patients and control group, n=409 patients) were enrolled for analysis. Results: Before PSM, the cumulative incidence of NODM (5.8% vs. 2.1%, p<0.001), myocardial infarction (0.5% vs. 0.1%, p-value=0.007), and major adverse cardio-cerebral event (MACCE, 1.8% vs. 0.7%, p-value=0.012) at three-years were higher in the LAD group. However, after PSM, there was a trend toward higher incidence of NODM (5.9% vs. 3.2%, p=0.064) in the LDA group, but the incidence of MACCE (1.2% vs. 1.5%, p-value=1.000) was similar between the two groups. In multivariable analysis, the LDA administration was tended to be an independent predictor of NODM (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.00-3.98, p-value 0.050). Conclusions: In this study, the use of LDA tended to be a risk factor for NODM in Asian patients and reduced clinical events similar to the control group. However, large-scale randomized controlled trials will be needed to get the final conclusion.

298 DIFFERENTIATION OF CANINE AMNIOTIC FLUID MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS INTO NEURONAL PRECURSORS

Kim, E. Y.,Choi, S. A.,Lee, J. H.,Kim, K. J.,Park, K. S.,Park, Y. B.,Ha, Y. N.,Li, X.,Park, J. Y.,Kim, M. K. CSIRO Publishing 2011 Reproduction, fertility, and development Vol.23 No.1

<P> The amniotic fluids contain mesenchymal stem cells and can be readily available for tissue engineering. Recently, regenerative treatments such as tissue engineering, cell therapy, and transplantation have shown potential in clinical trials of degenerative diseases. Physiologically, disease presentation and clinical responses in the dog are much more similar to that in the human compared with other traditional mammalian models. In addition, several researchers have demonstrated Canis familiaris is a suitable model for human diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether canine amniotic fluid (cAF)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can differentiate into neural precursor cells in vitro by neural induction reagent. The conditions of differentiation of MSC into neural cells were DMEM and N2-supplement, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and butylated hydroxyanisole. During neural precursor differentiation, cAF-MSC can progressively acquire neuron-like morphology. Expressions of neuron cell-specific markers were examined before and after in vitro induction of differentiation. Changes in mRNA levels of specific genes were quantified by RT-PCR. The mRNA levels of NEFL (730%), GFAP (350%), β-tubuline 3 (2900%), and NSE (960%) were significantly increased after induction. The value of change in mRNA levels before and after induction was evaluated with the Image J program. In addition, the nestin, β-tubuline 3, and tyrosine hydroxylase protein expressions were confirmed by immunocytochemistry assay following the induction of differentiation, compared with the noninduction. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that cAF-MSC have great potential for neural precursor differentiation in vitro. Therefore, amniotic fluid may be a suitable alternative source of stem cells and can be applied to cell therapy in neurodegeneration diseases including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. </P>

Reduction of d-lactate content in sauerkraut using starter cultures of recombinant Leuconostoc mesenteroides expressing the ldhL gene

Jin, Q.,Li, L.,Moon, J.S.,Cho, S.K.,Kim, Y.J.,Lee, S.J.,Han, N.S. Society for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Japan ; 2016 Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Vol.121 No.5

<P>The n-form of lactate, which causes metabolic stress upon excessive dietary intake, is mainly produced by Leuconostoc sp., the predominant species in sauerkraut. To shift the metabolic flux of D-lactate from pyruvate to L-lactate, we expressed the L-lactate dehydrogenase (ldhL) gene in Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC 8293. The IdhL gene from Lactobacillus plantarum was introduced into L. mesenteroides using the shuttle vectors pLeuCM and pLeuCM42. To elevate the expression level of IdhL in L. mesenteroides, the nucleotides for pyruvate kinase promoter were fused to IdhL and cloned into above vectors to construct pLC18pkL and pLC42pkL. As results, introduction of pLC42pkL in L. mesenteroides significantly improved both L-LDH activity and L-lactate productivity during fermentation, decreasing the D-/L-lactate ratio. When used as a starter culture for sauerkraut fermentation, recombinant L. mesenteroides harboring pLC42pkL increased L-lactate concentration and decreased D-lactate concentration compared to the wild type strain. We newly developed a recombinant L. mesenteroides which has high L-lactate dehydrogenase activity and applied this strain to minimize the harmful effect of D-lactate during the sauerkraut fermentation. To the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time the effective use of recombinant Leuconostoc sp. for quality improvement of fermented foods. (C) 2015, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved.</P>

The effect of spin reorientation transition of antiferromagnetic NiO on the Py magnetic anisotropy in Py/NiO/CoO/MgO(0 0 1)

Yang, M.,Li, Q.,N'Diaye, A.T.,Dong, Q.Y.,Gao, N.,Arenholz, E.,Hwang, C.,Wu, Y.Z.,Qiu, Z.Q. Elsevier 2018 Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials Vol.460 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Using X-ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism (XMLD) measurement, we investigate the antiferromagnetic (AFM) NiO spin reorientation transition (SRT) in epitaxial NiO/CoO/MgO(0 0 1) system at room temperature and constructed a complete NiO spin phase diagram. Then utilizing Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect (MOKE) combined with a rotation magnetic field (ROTMOKE), we investigated the effect of NiO SRT on the magnetic anisotropy of a ferromagnetic (FM) Py overlayer in Py/NiO/CoO/MgO(0 0 1) system. We find that the Py coercivity and anisotropy only slightly enhanced for Py on top of out-of-plane NiO spins but greatly enhanced for Py on top of in-plane NiO spins. Both the uniaxial and fourfold anisotropies of the Py showed a clear dependence on the NiO spin orientation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Spin reorientation transition (SRT) of antiferromagnetic NiO. </LI> <LI> Direct measurement of antiferromagnetic spins using XMLD. </LI> <LI> Quantitative determination of Py magnetic anisotropy using ROTMOKE. </LI> <LI> Demonstration of the effect of the NiO SRT on the Py magnetic anisotropy. </LI> </UL> </P>

Unusual magnetic order in the pseudogap region of the superconductor HgBa₂CuO_4+δ

Li, Y.,Balé,dent, V.,Bariš,ić,, N.,Cho, Y.,Fauqué,, B.,Sidis, Y.,Yu, G.,Zhao, X.,Bourges, P.,Greven, M. Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved 2008 Nature Vol.455 No.7211

The pseudogap region of the phase diagram is an important unsolved puzzle in the field of high-transition-temperature (high-T<SUB>c</SUB>) superconductivity, characterized by anomalous physical properties. There are open questions about the number of distinct phases and the possible presence of a quantum-critical point underneath the superconducting dome. The picture has remained unclear because there has not been conclusive evidence for a new type of order. Neutron scattering measurements for YBa<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>6+δ</SUB> (YBCO) resulted in contradictory claims of no and weak magnetic order, and the interpretation of muon spin relaxation measurements on YBCO and of circularly polarized photoemission experiments on Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Sr<SUB>2</SUB>CaCu<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>8+δ</SUB>(refs 12, 13) has been controversial. Here we use polarized neutron diffraction to demonstrate for the model superconductor HgBa<SUB>2</SUB>CuO<SUB>4+δ</SUB> (Hg1201) that the characteristic temperature T* marks the onset of an unusual magnetic order. Together with recent results for YBCO, this observation constitutes a demonstration of the universal existence of such a state. The findings appear to rule out theories that regard T* as a crossover temperature rather than a phase transition temperature. Instead, they are consistent with a variant of previously proposed charge-current-loop order that involves apical oxygen orbitals, and with the notion that many of the unusual properties arise from the presence of a quantum-critical point.

Korean Ginseng Berry Fermented by Mycotoxin Non-producing Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae: Ginsenoside Analyses and Anti-proliferative Activities

Li, Z.,Ahn, H. J.,Kim, N. Y.,Lee, Y. N.,Ji, G. E. PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016 BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN Vol.39 No.9

<P>To transform ginsenosides, Korean ginseng berry (KGB) was fermented by mycotoxin non-producing Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae. Changes of ginsenoside profile and anti-proliferative activities were observed. Results showed that A. niger tended to efficiently transform protopanaxadiol (PPD) type ginsenosides such as Rb1, Rb2, Rd to compound K while A. oryzae tended to efficiently transform protopanaxatriol (PPT) type ginsenoside Re to Rh1 via Rg1. Butanol extracts of fermented KGB showed high cytotoxicity on human adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell line and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line while that of unfermented KGB showed little. The minimum effective concentration of niger-fermented KGB was less than 2.5 mu g/mL while that of oryzae-fermented KGB was about 5 mu g/mL. As A. niger is more inclined to transform PPD type ginsenosides, niger-fermented KGB showed stronger anti-proliferative activity than oryzae-fermented KGB.</P>