Selection for Duration of Fertility and Mule Duck White Plumage Colour in a Synthetic Strain of Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

H.C. Liu,J.F. Huang,S.R. Lee,H.L. Liu,C.H. Hsieh,C.W. Huang,M.C. Huang,C. Tai,J.P. Poivey,R. Rouvier,Y.S. Cheng 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.5

A synthetic strain of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Reciprocal crossbreeding between Brown Tsaiya LRI-2 (with long duration of fertility) and Pekin L-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the G0. Then G1 were intercrossed to produce G2 and so on for the following generations. Each female duck was inseminated 3 times, at 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age. The eggs were collected for 14 days from day 2 after AI. Individual data regarding the number of incubated eggs (Ie), the number of fertile eggs at candling at day 7 of incubation (F), the total number of dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) with plumage colour were recorded. The selection criterion was the breeding values of the best linear unbiased prediction animal model for F. The results show high percentage of exhibited heterosis in G2 for traits to improve (19.1% for F and 12.9% for H); F with a value of 5.92 (vs 3.74 in the Pekin L-201) was improved in the G2. Heritabilities were found to be low for Ie (h2 = 0.07±0.03) and M (h2 = 0.07±0.01), moderately low for Dm (h2 = 0.13±0.02), of medium values for H (h2 = 0.20±0.03) and F (h2 = 0.23±0.03). High and favourable genetic correlations existed between F and Dm (rg = 0.93), between F and H (rg = 0.97) and between Dm and H (rg = 0.90). The selection experiment showed a positive trend for phenotypic values of F (6.38 fertile eggs in G10 of synthetic strain vs 5.59 eggs in G4, and 3.74 eggs in Pekin L-201), with correlated response for increasing H (5.73 ducklings in G10 vs 4.86 in G4, and 3.09 ducklings in Pekin L-201) and maximum duration of the fertile period without increasing the embryo mortality rate. The average predicted genetic response for F was 40% of genetic standard deviation per generation of selection. The mule ducklings’ feather colour also was improved. It was concluded that this study provided results for a better understanding of the genetics of the duration of fertility traits in the common female duck bred for mule and that the selection of a synthetic strain was effective method of improvement.

H ₂ CS IN OUTFLOWS OF THE MASSIVE STAR-FORMING CORE DR21(OH)

Minh, Y. C.,Liu, S.-Y.,Chen, H.-R.,Su, Y.-N. IOP Publishing 2011 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.737 No.1

<P>For the first time, using the Submillimeter Array, H2CS emission was observed to show a typical bipolar outflow morphology toward DR21(OH). The emission consisted of a strong concentration toward a hot molecular core (MM1a) and a symmetrically extended feature aligned roughly in the north-south direction. H2CS is one of the hot core species, and its extended emission is expected to result from the interaction between the outflow of MM1a and the dense ambient gas. We derive H2CS column densities of similar to 3 x 10(15) cm(-2) and similar to 1 x 10(15) cm(-2) toward MM1a and the centers of the extended emission, respectively. Its fractional abundance, f(H2CS) similar to 10(-9) relative to the total H-2 abundance, is comparable to those in other star-forming regions, suggesting that H2CS may be present in a region closer to the center than previously thought. Our results suggest that the observed H2CS emission arises via direct evaporation or sputtering of the solid H2CS on the grain surface, and H2CS may be one of the major sulfur-bearing species residing in the ice grain mantles in a solid form, at least in the case of DR21(OH).</P>

Targeting the entry region of Hsp90's ATP binding pocket with a novel 6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl amide

Jeong, J.H.,Oh, Y.J.,Lho, Y.,Park, S.Y.,Liu, K.H.,Ha, E.,Seo, Y.H. S.E.C.T. [etc.] ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 European journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.124 No.-

The molecular chaperone Hsp90 plays an important role in cancer cell survival and proliferation by regulating the maturation and stabilization of numerous oncogenic proteins. Due to its potential to simultaneously disable multiple signaling pathways, Hsp90 has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this study, the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of Hsp90 inhibitors are described. Among the synthetic compounds, 6,7-dihydrothieno [3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl amide 19 exhibits a remarkable binding affinity to the N-terminus of Hsp90 in a fluorescence polarization (FP) binding assay (IC<SUB>50</SUB> = 50.3 nM). Furthermore, it effectively inhibits the proliferation of H1975 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and Skbr3 breast cancer cell lines with GI<SUB>50</SUB> values of 0.31 μM and 0.11 μM, respectively. Compound 19 induces the degradation of the Hsp90 client proteins including EGFR, Her2, Met, c-Raf, and Akt, and consequently promotes apoptotic cancer cell death. Compound 19 also inhibits the growth of H1975 xenografts in NOD-scid IL2R gamma<SUP>null</SUP> mice without any apparent body-weight loss. The immunohistologic evaluation indicates that compound 19 decreases the expression of Akt in xenograft tumor tissue via an inhibition of the Hsp90 chaperon function. Additionally, the cytochrome P450 assay indicates that compound 19 has no effect on the activities of five major P450 isoforms (IC<SUB>50</SUB> > 50 μM for 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A), suggesting that clinical interactions between compound 19 and the substrate drugs of the five major P450 isoforms are not expected. Overall, compound 19 represents a new class of Hsp90 inhibitor with its 6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl-amide structure, and it has the therapeutic potential to overcome drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy.

Synthesis of well-aligned carbon nanotubes with open tips

Liu, B.C.,Lee, T.J.,Jung, S.I.,Park, C.Y.,Choa, Y.H.,Lee, C.J. Elsevier 2005 Carbon Vol.43 No.7

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Large amounts of well-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with open tips have been produced by pyrolysis of iron(II) phthalocyanine. The aligned CNTs have an average length about 10μm and diameters ranging from 92 to 229nm. Some of produced CNTs showed Y-junction structure due to the self-joint growth of two neighboring CNTs. The well-aligned CNTs indicated a bamboo-shaped multiwalled structure and fairly good crystallinity. The aligned CNTs follow tip growth mechanism.</P>

Effects of stale maize on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology and antioxidant capacity in broilers

Liu, J.B.,Yan, H.L.,Zhang, Y.,Hu, Y.D.,Zhang, H.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.4

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of stale maize on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity in broilers. Methods: A total of 800 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers (45.4±0.5 g) were blocked based on body weight, and then allocated randomly to 2 treatments with 20 cages per treatment and 20 broilers per cage in this 6-week experiment. Dietary treatments included a basal diet and diets with 100% of control maize replaced by stale maize. Results: The content of fat acidity value was higher (p<0.05) while the starch, activities of catalase and peroxidase were lower (p<0.05) than the control maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experiment, feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 0 to 21 and the whole experiment as well as relative weight of liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus (p<0.05) on d 21. Feeding stale maize diets decreased jejunum villus height (VH) and VH/crypt depth (CD) (p<0.05) on d 21 and 42 as well as ileum VH/CD on d 42. The levels of immunoglobulin G, acid α-naphthylacetate esterase positive ratios and lymphocyte proliferation on d 21 and 42 as well as lysozyme activity and avian influenza antibody H₅N₁ titer on d 21 decreased (p<0.05) by the stale maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) serum interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2 on d 21 and interleukin-6 on d 21 and 42. Broilers fed stale maize diets had lower levels of (p<0.05) total antioxidative capacity on d 42, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase on d 21 and 42, but higher (p<0.05) levels of malondialdehyde on d 21 and 42. Conclusion: Feeding 100% stale maize decreased ADFI and FCR, caused adverse effects on immunity and antioxidant function and altered intestinal morphology in broilers.

Non-fragile H_~ filtering for nonlinear discrete-time delay systems with randomly occurring gain variations

Liu, Y.,Park, J.H.,Guo, B.Z. Instrument Society of America 2016 ISA transactions Vol.63 No.-

In this paper,the problem of H<SUB>~</SUB> filtering for a class of nonlinear discrete-time delay systems is investigated. The time delay is assumed to be belonging to a given interval, and the designed filter includes additive gain variations which are supposed to be random and satisfy the Bernoulli distribution. By the augmented Lyapunov functional approach, a sufficient condition is developed to ensure that the filtering error system is asymptotically mean-square stable with a prescribed H<SUB>~</SUB> performance. In addition, an improved result of H<SUB>~</SUB> filtering for linear system is also derived. The filter parameters are obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. For nonlinear systems, the applicability of the developed filtering result is confirmed by a longitudinal flight system, and an additional example for linear system is presented to demonstrate the less conservativeness of the proposed design method.

Solvent extraction of Pr and Nd from chloride solutions using ternary extractant system of Cyanex 272, Alamine 336 and TBP

Liu, Y.,Jeon, H.S.,Lee, M.S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2015 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.31 No.-

Synergistic extraction and separation of Pr and Nd in chloride medium using a ternary mixture containing Cyanex 272, Alamine 336 and TBP has been investigated. Compared to the binary mixture (Cyanex 272+Alamine 336), the ternary mixture showed a remarkable synergism on metals and increased the separation factor. The highest synergistic enhancement factors were obtained for Pr (17.0) and Nd (14.6). The mechanism of the synergistic extraction reaction and the role of Alamine 336 and TBP in reaction were proposed. Furthermore, metals in the ternary mixture were easily stripped by using HCl or H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> solution with lower acidity.

Thermoelectric properties of Gd, Y co-doped Ca3Co4O9+δ

H.Q. Liu,X.B. Zhao,T.J. Zhu,Y. Song,F.P. Wang 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.3

The Ca3-x-yGdxYyCo4O9+δ precursor powders were synthesized by the polyacrylamide gel method. The powders were sintered by the spark plasma sintering (SPS). The DTA analysis showed that the synthesis temperature of Ca3Co4O9+δ was about 933 K, which is lower than that of the conventional citric acid method. The resistivities, the Seebeck coefficients and the thermal conductivities of the samples were measured from room temperature to 973 K. The Seebeck coefficients and the resistivities of the doped samples were remarkably enhanced due to the decrease of the carrier concentration, whereas the thermal conductivities of them were decreased due to the impurity scattering effect. The maximal ZT value of 0.26 was obtained at 973 K for Ca2.7 Gd0.15 Y0.15Co4O9+δ. The Ca3-x-yGdxYyCo4O9+δ precursor powders were synthesized by the polyacrylamide gel method. The powders were sintered by the spark plasma sintering (SPS). The DTA analysis showed that the synthesis temperature of Ca3Co4O9+δ was about 933 K, which is lower than that of the conventional citric acid method. The resistivities, the Seebeck coefficients and the thermal conductivities of the samples were measured from room temperature to 973 K. The Seebeck coefficients and the resistivities of the doped samples were remarkably enhanced due to the decrease of the carrier concentration, whereas the thermal conductivities of them were decreased due to the impurity scattering effect. The maximal ZT value of 0.26 was obtained at 973 K for Ca2.7 Gd0.15 Y0.15Co4O9+δ.

A study on H_~ state estimation of static neural networks with time-varying delays

Liu, Y.,Lee, S.M.,Kwon, O.M.,Park, J.H. Elsevier [etc.] 2014 Applied mathematics and computation Vol.226 No.-

This paper studies the problem of H<SUB>~</SUB> state estimation for static neural networks with time-varying delay. By construction of a suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, some improved delay-dependent conditions are established such that the error system is globally exponentially stable with a decay rate and a prescribed H<SUB>~</SUB> performance is guaranteed. In order to get less conservative results of the state estimation condition, zero equalities and reciprocally convex approach are employed. The estimator gain matrix can be obtained in terms of the solution to linear matrix inequalities. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the developed method.

Microstructural Stability and Creep Performance of a Novel Low-Cost Single Crystal Superalloy

Z. H. Tan,X. G. Wang,Y. L. Du,Y. M. Li,Y. H. Yang,J. L. Liu,J. D. Liu,J. G. Li,Y. Z. Zhou,X. F. Sun 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

The increasing pursuit of advanced aero-engines with lower ratio between the cost and performance has greatly promotedthe demanding of single crystal superalloys characterized by low cost and outstanding temperature capability. In this study,a novel low-cost single crystal superalloy was designed and the creep tests as well as micro-characterization were carried outon the experimental alloy. The results illustrated that the novel single crystal alloy exhibited an ideal microstructural stabilitywithout precipitating TCP phases, after long-term thermal exposure at the ultimate service temperature of third generationsingle crystal superalloys. Moreover, the experimental alloy with only 3 wt% Re addition demonstrated remarkable creepresistance and maintained a very low minimum creep rate at 1100 °C/137 MPa and 1120 °C/137 MPa, while the accumulationand coalescence of micro-pores had eventually led to the alloy fracture. Apart from that, the compact interfacial dislocationnetworks the 2nd γ′ phase were observed after high-temperature creep rupture, and the typical a < 010 > superdislocationswith relatively poor mobility was found at 1120 °C. At 760 °C/800 MPa, both the minimum creep velocity and entire creepstain was increased evidently, however, the ultimate creep rupture life of the alloy had still reached 200 h. The correspondingdeformation mechanism was identified as the combination of superdislocation pairs shearing and a/3 < 121 > partial dislocationcutting the γ′ phase with a SISF being generated. In general, the novel single crystal alloy characterized by remarkablemechanical properties and cost reduction possesses a great potential for future application in the advanced aircraft engines.