A Study on the Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis: Evidence from China

Xueqin Zhang,Yugang He 한국유통과학회 2019 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.10 No.2

Purpose - Along with Chinese exchange rate's reform advancement, the issue of exchange rate of RMB has increasingly become the heated focus in the world. In July 2005, China carried out the reform of the exchange rate system, and this behavior has aroused the attention of the world. However, the dispute on whether the theory of purchasing power parity holds or not in China still exists. As such, this paper will attempt to explore whether the purchasing power parity is significant in China. Research design, data, and methodology – The monthly data from July 2005 to December 2017 will be employed to analyze the nominal exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar and the nominal exchange rate of RMB against the euro. Based on these datum, an empirical analysis will be conducted under the unit root test and the cointegration test to exploit the significance of purchasing power parity in China. Results - The findings of this paper reveal that an increase in China’s consumer price index will lead to an increase in the RMB exchange rate, which will lead to the depreciation of RMB. Concomitantly, an increase in the consumer price index in the US and Europe will result in a decrease in the RMB exchange rate, which will lead to an appreciation of RMB. In general, in terms of the US, if US consumer price index increases by 1%, China's nominal exchange rate against US dollar will decrease by 0.905%; if China's consumer price index increases by 1%, China's nominal exchange rate against US dollar will increase by 0.648%. In terms of Europe, if Europe consumer price index increases by 1%, China's nominal exchange rate against euro will decrease by 0.277%; If China's consumer price index increases by 1%, China's nominal exchange rate against euro will increase by 0.235%. Conclusions – Generally speaking, the empirical evidences this paper provided show that the purchasing power parity theory has a certain explanatory ability for the decision of RMB exchange rate. As such, the purchasing power parity cannot hold completely, and China's government should continue to deepen the reform of the exchange rate system to improve China's exchange rate market.

MOFs-derived carbon covered alumina (CCA) supported Pt nanoparticles as catalyst for enantioselective hydrogenation

Xueqin Zhang,Wencheng Tu,Meitian Xiao,Yongjun Liu,Jing Ye 한국물리학회 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.10

A one-step approach was developed to prepare carbon covered alumina (CCA) material by using Al-based MOFs (Al-PCP) as sacrificial template. Pt/CCA nanoparticle catalysts were characterized by using XRD, TGA, XPS, N2 sorption, SEM, TEM and elemental analysis and revealed that they retained the mesostructure with high Pt dispersion and had a CCA structure. Moreover, after reduced at 800 C, Pt/CCA-800 afforded the highest enantiomeric excess (84.8%) after chirally modified with cinchonidine at the second time reaction and can be recycled for more than 8 times without distinct loss of activity or enantioselectivity in the asymmetric hydrogenation of ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate.

Integrated analysis of transcriptome and milk metagenome in subclinical mastitic and healthy cows

Zhang Jinning,Liu Xueqin,Usman Tahir,Tang Yongjie,Mi Siyuan,Li Wenlong,Yang Mengyou,Yu Ying 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.4

Objective: Abnormally increased somatic cell counts (SCCs) in milk is usually a sign of bovine subclinical mastitis. Mutual interaction between the host and its associated microbiota plays an important role in developing such diseases. The main objective of this study was to explore the difference between cows with elevated SCCs and healthy cattle from the perspective of host-microbe interplay. Methods: A total of 31 milk samples and 23 bovine peripheral blood samples were collected from Holstein dairy cattle to conduct an integrated analysis of transcriptomic and metagenomics. Results: The results showed that Ralstonia and Sphingomonas were enriched in cows with subclinical mastitis. The relative abundance of the two bacteria was positively correlated with the expression level of bovine transcobalamin 1 and uridine phosphorylase 1 encoding gene. Moreover, functional analysis revealed a distinct alternation in some important microbial biological processes. Conclusion: These results reveal the relative abundance of Ralstonia and Sphingomonas other than common mastitis-causing pathogens varied from healthy cows to those with subclinical mastitis and might be associated with elevated SCCs. Potential association was observed between bovine milk microbiota composition and the transcriptional pattern of some genes, thus providing new insights to understand homeostasis of bovine udder.

A Ranking Method Based on Extended Possibility Degree Dominance Relation

Qiwen Zhang,Xueqin Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.6

Dominance relation is an important method in incomplete interval-valued information systems. In order to solve the problem that too many attributes maybe result in the ranking failure in the incomplete interval-valued information systems, the concepts of extended possibility degree, extended possibility degree dominance relation and average comprehensive dominance degree are defined. Based on them, a ranking method based on extended possibility degree dominance relation is proposed. Finally, comparing with other ranking methods, this new ranking method based on extended possibility degree dominance relation not only has stronger differentiation degree, but also can make ranking results more objective and reasonable.

A New Parameter Reduction Method Based on Soft Set Theory

Qiwen Zhang,Xueqin Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.5

In order to solve the problems of large calculation and low efficiency of parameter reduction, a new parameter reduction method based on soft set theory is proposed. According to the importance degrees of parameters, this new parameter reduction method simplifies the reduction complexity brought by the equivalent classes in discernibility matrix, so that it not only improves the parameter reduction efficiency and quality, but also reduces the reduction complexity. Finally, comparing with other reduction methods, this new parameter reduction method based on soft set theory not only possesses feasibility and high efficiency, but also can make the reduction result more accurate.

Role-based Access Control Using Ontology in Cloud Storage

Hong Sun,Xueqin Zhang,Chunhua Gu 보안공학연구지원센터(IJGDC) 2014 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.7 No.3

Tailoring physical and chemical microenvironments by polyether-amine in blended membranes for efficient CO2 separation

Xia Lv,Xueqin Li,Lu Huang,Siyuan Ding,Yin Lv,Jinli Zhang 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.3

Pebax® MH 1657 (Pebax)-based blend membranes with different polyether-amine (PEA) loadings were designed and fabricated for efficient CO2 separation. The CO2 separation performance of Pebax/PEA blend membranes was greatly improved in comparison with that of pure membranes. This was mainly because the introduced PEA tailored the physical and chemical microenvironments in blend membranes. Specifically, PEA was a liquid-like additive, which was beneficial to reduce the mass transfer resistance of gases and increase CO2 permeability. Meanwhile, PEA contained amino groups that acted as mobile carriers to tailor the chemical microenvironment in blend membranes. The mobile carriers preferentially reacted reversibly with CO2 molecules, facilitating CO2 transport in membranes. Compared with CO2/CH4 separation performance of pure Pebax membrane, CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 separation factor of Pebax/PEA-3 increased by 144.8% and 29.4%, respectively. This study suggests that PEA is a promising membrane material for tailoring the physical and chemical microenvironments in blend membranes for efficient CO2 separation.

Identification, sequence analysis, and infectivity of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from geese

Rui Zhu,Xueqin Yang,Jianjun Zhang,Danwen Xu,Jiawen Fan,Huoying Shi,Shifeng Wang,Xiufan Liu 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.3

The subtype H9N2 avian influenza virus greatly threatens the Chinese poultry industry, even with annual vaccination. Waterfowl can be asymptomatically infected with the H9N2 virus. In this study, three H9N2 virus strains, designated A/Goose/Jiangsu/YZ527/2011 (H9N2, Gs/JS/YZ527/11), A/Goose/Jiangsu/SQ119/2012 (H9N2, Gs/JS/SQ119/12), and A/Goose/Jiangsu/JD564/2012 (H9N2, Gs/JS/JD564/12), were isolated from domestic geese. Molecular characterization of the three isolates showed that the Gs/JS/YZ527/11 virus is a double-reassortant virus, combining genes of A/Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (H9N2, G1/97)-like and A/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98 (H9N2, F/98)-like; the Gs/JS/SQ119/12 virus is a triple-reassortant virus combining genes of G1/97-like, F/98-like, and A/Duck/Shantou/163/2004 (H9N2, ST/163/04)-like. The sequences of Gs/JS/JD564/12 share high homology with those of the F/98 virus, except for the neuraminidase gene, whereas the internal genes of Gs/JS/YZ527/11 and Gs/JS/SQ119/12 are closely related to those of the H7N9 viruses. An infectivity analysis of the three isolates showed that Gs/JS/SQ119/12 and Gs/JS/YZ527/11 replicated well, with seroconversion, in geese and chickens, the Gs/JS/JD564/12 did not infect well in geese or chickens, and the F/98 virus only infected chickens, with seroconversion. Emergence of these new reassortant H9N2 avian influenza viruses indicates that these viruses can infect both chicken and goose and can produce different types of lesions in each species.

Hepatoprotective effect of phenylethanoid glycosides from Incarvillea compacta against CCl4-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells

Ting Shen,Xueqin Li,Weicheng Hu,Lijin Zhang,Xudong Xu,Haifeng Wu,Lilian Ji 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.4

The extraction and solvent partition of roots of Incarvillea compacta, a traditional Tibetan folk medicine, and repeated column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography for n-butanol fraction yielded four phenylethanoid glycosides, crenatoside (1), 3000-O-methylcrenatoside (2), leucoseceptoside A (3), and martynoside (4). The chemical structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses including NMR and MS. All compounds were isolated for the first time from the plant. Compound 1 exerted better 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity. In addition, compounds 1–4 were evaluated for their hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- induced liver injury in HepG2 cells. Pretreatment of HepG2 cells with compound 1–4 significantly increased the viability on CCl4-induced cell death. Furthermore, compounds 1–4 also alleviated CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and reduction of the malondialdehyde content, intracellular ROS as well as NF-jB transactivation. Our results suggest that phenylethanoid glycosides ameliorate CCl4-induced cell injury, and this protection was likely due to antioxidative activity and down-regulation of NF-jB.

Calculation of Vibrational Relaxation Times in Multi-component Excitable Gases

Ke-Sheng Zhang,Weihua Ou,Xueqin Jiang,Fei Long,Mingzhe Hu 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.7

In the research field of acoustic propagation in excitable gases, one of the most critical parametersis the vibrational relaxation time, which determines the frequency of the acoustic dispersion stepor the absorption maximum. In this paper, the vibrational relaxation equations given by Tanczos[J. Chem. Phys. 25, 439 (1956)] have been applied to calculate the vibrational multi-relaxationtimes in multi-component gases. The eigenvalues of the energy-transition-rate matrix are provento be the reciprocals of the multi-relaxation times. Comparisons demonstrate that our relaxationfrequencies calculated for various gas compositions, including carbon dioxide, methane, chlorine,nitrogen, and oxygen, agree with the experimental data.