Effects of Maturity and 1-MCP Treatment on Postharvest Quality and Antioxidant Properties of ‘Fuji’ Apples during Long-term Cold Storage

Xin-gang Lu,Yan-ping Ma,Xing-hua Liu 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.5

Fuji’ apple fruit harvested 10 days before normal harvest (H1) and at normal harvest (H2) were untreated or treated with 1 ㎕·L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and stored at 0 for up to 30 weeks. Fruits from H1 were firmer and had higher titratable acidity (TA) but lower soluble solids concentrations than those from H2. 1-MCP treatment delayed loss of firmness and TA in fruit from both harvests during storage. Superficial scald incidence was decreased by 1-MCP treatment, but flesh browning was unaffected. H2 fruit had higher total phenolics, flavonoid, and glutathione content as well as total antioxidant activity than H1 fruit at harvest and throughout storage. 1-MCP treated fruit tended to have higher levels of these constituents than untreated fruit in peel, but not in flesh tissues. These results suggest that fruit harvested at the mature stage have better integral quality with 1-MCP treatment.

Analysis of Repeated Measurements on Iowa Gambling Task Study

Xin Lu,이동희,최보승,박만식,안형진 한국자료분석학회 2007 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.9 No.6

To reduce a learning effect or test-retest effect is very important in Iowa Gambling Task(IGT) studies that inspect cognitive components in decision making process since the gambling tasks are repeated over time. To this end, two new tasks, namely K and Q, have been developed and proposed to reduce the learning effect. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of these two tasks on reduction of learning effect based on repeated data collected from 75 healthy subjects. A linear mixed effects model was utilized for the analysis to account for the within-subject correlation. The first order ante dependence variance-covariance structure is selected for the final model after several variance covariance structures are compared based on Akaike information criterion(AIC). The results show that participants performance is similar across the three gambling tasks regardless of learning effect. Therefore, the utilization of the original task A followed by the new tasks K and Q will effectively distinguish the cognitive components from the learning effect in decision making process in gambling task studies.

The sensitivity of respondent‐driven sampling

Lu, Xin,Bengtsson, Linus,Britton, Tom,Camitz, Martin,Kim, Beom Jun,Thorson, Anna,Liljeros, Fredrik Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES A- Vol.175 No.1

<P><B>Summary. </B> Researchers in many scientific fields make inferences from individuals to larger groups. For many groups, however, there is no list of members from which to draw a random sample. Respondent‐driven sampling (RDS) is a relatively new sampling methodology that circumvents this difficulty by using the social networks of the groups under study. The RDS method has been shown to provide unbiased estimates of population proportions given certain conditions. The method is now widely used in human immunodeficiency virus related studies among high risk populations globally. We test the RDS methodology by simulating RDS studies on the social networks of a large Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Web community. The robustness of the RDS method is tested by violating, one by one, the conditions under which the method provides unbiased estimates. Simulations indicate that the bias is large if networks are directed or respondents choose to invite people on the basis of characteristics that are correlated with the study outcomes. The bias and variance increase if participants invite close as opposed to more distant friends whereas sampling in denser networks sharply reduces variance. However, the RDS method shows strong resistance to sampling without replacement, low response rates and certain errors in the participants’ reporting of their network sizes, as well as the selection criteria of seeds. The effects of network structure and the number of seeds and coupons are also discussed.</P>

Expression and function analysis of a rice OsHSP40 gene under salt stress

Xin Wang,Huan Zhang,Lu‑Yuan Shao,Xin Yan,Hui Peng,Jie‑Xiu Ouyang,Shao‑Bo Li 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.2

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play essential roles in both plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. In rice, OsHSP40 was recently reported to regulate programmed cell death (PCD) of suspension cells under high temperature. However, the expression and functions of OsHSP40 under normal growth or other abiotic stress conditions is still unknown. We reported the expression and function of a rice OsHSP40 gene under salt stress. Homologous proteins of OsHSP40 were collected from the NCBI database and constructed the neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree. The expression pattern of OsHSP40 was detected by qRT-PCR under NaCl (150 mM) treatment. Then, identified a rice T-DNA insertion mutant oshsp40. At last, we compared and analyzed the phenotypes of oshsp40 and wild type under salt stress. OsHSP40 was a constitutively expressed small HSP (sHSP) gene and was close related to other plant sHSPs. Moreover, the expression of OsHSP40 was regulated by salt, varying across time points and tissues. Furthermore, the growth of T-DNA insertion mutant of OsHSP40 (designated as oshsp40) was suppressed by NaCl (150 mM) compared with that of the WT at seedling stage. Detailed measurement showed root and shoot length of the oshsp40 seedlings were significantly shorter than those of the WT seedlings under NaCl stress. In addition, the pot experiment results revealed that seedlings of oshsp40 withered more seriously compared with those of WT after NaCl treatment and recovery, and that survival rate and fresh weight of oshsp40 seedlings were significantly reduced. Taken together, these data suggested that OsHSP40 had multiple functions in rice normal growth and abiotic stress tolerance.

ปรากฏการณ์พหุนัยของคำว่า “กิน” ในภาษาไทย : การศึกษาตามแนวภาษาศาสตร์ปริชาน

( Lu Xin Hui ),( Park Kyung Eun ) 한국태국학회 2019 한국태국학회논총 Vol.25 No.2

This study aims to analyze the aspects of meaning extensions and conceptualization of the polysemous verb, “KIN (to eat)”, from a cognitive linguistic perspective. In this study, various concepts of cognitive linguistics are applied in the analysis, including prototype theory, image schema, and conceptual metaphors and windowing. The linguistic data used in the study is collected from the Thai National Corpus. The result of the study shows that the prototypical meaning, i.e. the most salient meaning, comes from the bodily experience of consuming food. The act of consumption is comprised of three steps: Step of getting or taking, Step of occupation, and Step of consumption & production of Energy, and each step become the basis of various meaning extensions. This study also analyzes negative implications of the Thai verb, KIN. The negative implications are found to be based on metaphorical concepts, EATING IS EGOISTIC ACTION and EATING IS GETTING OUT OF THE MIDDLE WAY. This study helps to understand the cognitive mechanism of polysemy and grammaticalization by presenting the motivation behind conceptualization of the prototypical meaning of the polysemous verb “KIN.” We hope for this study to contribute in both cognitive linguistics and teaching Thai as a foreign language.

Ascorbic Acid Alleviates Pancreatic Damage Induced by Dibutyltin Dichloride (DBTC) in Rats

Xin-Liang Lu,Yan-Hua Song,Yan-Biao Fu,Jian-Min Si,Ke-Da Qian 연세대학교의과대학 2007 Yonsei medical journal Vol.48 No.6

Purpose: Because previous studies have reported depleted antioxidant capacity in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), prevention of free radical production has gained importance in antifibrotic treatment strategies for CP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid on oxidative capacity and pancreatic damage in experimental CP. Materials and Methods: CP was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by infusion of dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC) into the tail vein. Ascorbic acid was given intraperitoneally at a daily dose of 10mg/kg body weight. The treatment groups were as follows: group 1, DBTC plus intraperitoneal physiologic saline; group 2, DBTC plus intraperitoneal ascorbic acid; group 3, solvent plus intraperitoneal physiologic saline; group 4, no operation plus intraperitoneal physiologic saline. Each group contained 15 animals. Treatment was started after CP was established. After 4 weeks of treatment, serum hyaluronic acid and laminin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay, pancreatic tissue oxidative stress was analyzed, and the degree of pancreatic damage was determined. Results: Ascorbic acid treatment markedly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in pancreatic tissue (p<0.01 for both). Significant serum hyaluronic acid and laminin reductions were observed in group 2 as compared with group 1 (p<0.05). However, the serum hyaluronic acid and laminin levels remained elevated when compared with those of groups 3 and 4 (p<0.05). Histopathologic scores were also lower in animals with CP that underwent ascorbic acid-treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ascorbic acid treatment alleviated the degree of oxidative stress and pancreatic damage in rat CP. Antioxidant treatment might be considered a potential option to improve the pathologic process in CP.

A composite crack model for concrete based on meshless method

Lu, Xin-Zheng,Jiang, Jian-Jing,Ye, Lie-Ping Techno-Press 2006 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.23 No.3

A crack model for the fracture in concrete based on meshless method is proposed in this paper. The cracks in concrete are classified into micro-cracks or macro-cracks respectively according to their widths, and different numerical approaches are adopted for them. The micro-cracks are represented with smeared crack approach whilst the macro-cracks are represented with discrete cracks that are made up with additional nodes and boundaries. The widely used meshless method, Element-free Galerkin method, is adopted instead of finite element method to model the concrete, so that the discrete crack approach is easier to be implemented with the convenience of arranging node distribution in the meshless method. Rotating-Crack-Model is proved to be preferred over Fixed-Crack-Model for the smeared cracks of this composite crack model due to its better performance on mesh bias. Numerical examples show that this composite crack model can take advantage of the positive characteristics in the smeared and discrete approaches, and overcome some of their disadvantages.

Evaluation and Performance Comparison between JPEG2000 and SVC

Xin Lu,Xuesong Jin 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.5

The scalable extension to the H.264/AVC has been established as a scalable video coding (SVC) standard, and JPEG2000 is a state of the act still image coding standard. The most distinctive difference between SVC and JPEG2000 is, in terms of spatial-frequency transformation, that SVC is based on the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and JPEG2000 is based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). JPEG2000 outperforms its predecessor-JPEG which adopts DCT by nearly 30% in terms of compression performance. Despite the DWT has been successfully employed in still image coding, the latest video coding standard keeps on ultilising DCT and the relevant techniques as its coding tools. In this paper, we investigate SVC for intra frame coding and JPEG2000 for still image coding, on video sequences with different resolutions and features. From the experimental evaluations, we attempt to gain deeper insight into the application scenarios of these two transform techniques. The experimental results demonstrate that at high bitrates, JPEG2000 outperforms SVC, and it is vice versa. We also note that the PSNR difference between SVC and JPEG2000 decreases with increasing the picture resolution. Therefore, JPEG2000 is more suited for high definition picture compression. The spatial scalability of SVC and JPEG2000 is also investigated in the evaluation, and the results show that SVC gains quite better performance than JPEG2000.

ปรากฏการณ์พหุนัยของคำว่า “กิน” ในภาษาไทย : การศึกษาตามแนวภาษาศาสตร์ปริชาน

Lu Xin Hui,박경은 한국태국학회 2019 한국태국학회논총 Vol.25 No.2

This study aims to analyze the aspects of meaning extensions and conceptualization of the polysemous verb, “KIN (to eat)”, from a cognitive linguistic perspective. In this study, various concepts of cognitive linguistics are applied in the analysis, including prototype theory, image schema, and conceptual metaphors and windowing. The linguistic data used in the study is collected from the Thai National Corpus. The result of the study shows that the prototypical meaning, i.e. the most salient meaning, comes from the bodily experience of consuming food. The act of consumption is comprised of three steps: Step of getting or taking, Step of occupation, and Step of consumption & production of Energy, and each step become the basis of various meaning extensions. This study also analyzes negative implications of the Thai verb, KIN. The negative implications are found to be based on metaphorical concepts, EATING IS EGOISTIC ACTION and EATING IS GETTING OUT OF THE MIDDLE WAY. This study helps to understand the cognitive mechanism of polysemy and grammaticalization by presenting the motivation behind conceptualization of the prototypical meaning of the polysemous verb “KIN.” We hope for this study to contribute in both cognitive linguistics and teaching Thai as a foreign language.

The Smart Eye Frame Based On Internet of Things

Xin Zhenghua,Chen Guolong,Li Hong,Song Qixiang,Xiao Meng,Lu Biao,Lu Hongmei,Shi Yaqi 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.11