Is Colorectal Cancer A Western Disease? Role of Knowledge and Influence of Misconception on Colorectal Cancer Screening among Chinese and Korean Americans: A Mixed Methods Study

Lu, Xiaoxiao,Holt, Cheryl L,Chen, Julia C,Le, Daisy,Chen, Jingjing,Kim, Gil-yong,Li, Jun,Lee, Sunmin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.11

Background: Chinese and Korean Americans have lower colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates than other racial/ ethnic groups, which may be explained by a low level of CRC knowledge and a high level of misconceptions. This study explores the role of knowledge in CRC screening among these groups. Methods: Chinese (N=59) and Korean (N=61) Americans older than 50 were recruited from the Washington D.C. Metropolitan area. They completed a detailed survey and participated in focus groups to discuss their knowledge on CRC and CRC screening. Seventeen physicians, community leaders, and patient navigators participated in key informant interviews. Using a mixed methods approach, data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: Participants lacked knowledge about CRC and CRC screening. More than half did not know that screening begins at age 50 and there are several types of tests available. More than 30% thought CRC screening was not necessary if there were no symptoms or there was nothing they could do to prevent CRC. Focus group findings suggested understanding about CRC was limited by an inadequate source of linguistically and culturally relevant health information. For example, many participants considered CRC a western condition mainly caused by unhealthy diet. This led to under-estimations about their susceptibility to CRC. Knowledge was positively associated with self-reported screening. Participants who had higher knowledge scores were more likely to report ever having had a colonoscopy and confidence in ability to have CRC screening. Conclusions: Mixed-methods analysis provides multi-faceted perspectives on CRC knowledge and its influence on screening. Study findings can help inform interventions to increase CRC screening among Chinese and Korean Americans.

Dose-Response Relationship between Alanine Aminotransferase Levels within the Reference Interval and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults

Peipei Wu,Shumei Wang,Qicai Chen,Lili Chen,Pengpeng Zhang,Juan Xiao,Xiaoxiao Chen,Meng Liu 연세대학교의과대학 2017 Yonsei medical journal Vol.58 No.1

Purpose: Elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels is a biomarker for metabolic syndrome (MS); however, the relationshiphas not been fully investigated within the reference interval of ALT levels. Our objective was to explore the relationship between serum ALT levels within the reference interval and MS in Chinese adults. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 16028 adults, who attended routine health check-ups at Shengli OilfieldCentral Hospital from January 2006 to March 2012. The reference interval of serum ALT level was defined as less than 40 U/L. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline were used to evaluate the association of ALT with MS. Results: The prevalence of MS in the total population was 13.7% (6.4% for females and 18.4% for males). Multiple logistic regressionshowed that ALT levels were positively associated with MS after adjustment for potential confounding factors. The odds ratio of MS in the top quartile was 4.830 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.980–7.829] in females and 3.168 (95% CI: 2.649–3.790) in males, compared with the ALT levels in the bottom quartile. The restricted cubic spline models revealed a positive non-linear dose-response relationship between ALT levels and the risk of MS in women (p for nonlinearity was 0.0327), but a positive linear dose-response relationship in men (p for nonlinearity was 0.0659). Conclusion: Serum ALT levels within the reference interval are positively associated with MS in a dose-response manner. ElevatedALT levels, even within the reference interval, may reflect early dysmetabolic changes.

Interfacial Engineering of Attractive Pickering Emulsion Gel-Templated Porous Materials for Enhanced Solar Vapor Generation

Xiaoxiao Yan,Dong Chen 한국고분자학회 2022 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.47 No.1

Rapid Detection of Food-borne Listeria monocytogenes by Real-time Quantitative Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification

Xiaoxiao Shan,Yaoqi Zhang,Zhigang Zhang,Miaorui Chen,Yongyu Su,Yingna Yuan,M. Jahangir Alam,He Yan,Lei Shi 한국식품과학회 2012 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study was to develop a real-time quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplication (LAMP) method for the rapid, sensitive, and convenient detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food. The LAMP method could amplify the hlyA gene of L. monocytogenes successfully at 63oC with a loopamp real-time turbidimeter. The detection limits of the LAMP for hlyA gene were 6colony forming units (CFU)/tube. A standard curve was generated for L. monocytogenes LAMP by plotting the graph based different log CFU values of L. monocytogenes and time of positivity through real-time monitoring of the amplication. Then, the LAMP method was employed to test 94 retail food samples effectively. Sensitivity in detection of L. monocytogenes by the LAMP was higher than that of PCR and none of the conventional methodpositive samples was missed by the LAMP method.

In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Polysaccharides

Huricha Chen,Hanwei Jiao,Ying Cheng,Kailian Xu,Xiaoxiao Jia,Qiaoyun Shi,Shiyu Guo,Manchuriga Wang,Li Du,Fengyang Wang 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.3

Crude okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) polysaccharide (RPS) was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. Three purified fractions of RPS, designated RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3, were fractioned by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography. Their molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, infrared (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR]) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were analyzed. Their immunomodulatory activity was evaluated with an in vitro cell model (RAW264.7 cells). In vivo immunomodulatory activity of RPS-2 was evaluated in normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. The results showed that the molecular weights of RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 were 600, 990, and 1300 kDa, respectively. RPS-1 and RPS-2 were mainly composed of galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid, while RPS-3 was mainly composed of galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, and glucose. FT-IR and NMR spectrum data indicated a rhamnogalacturonan I characteristic of polysaccharide. Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). The purified fraction RPS-2 also increased the spleen index, splenocyte proliferation, and cytokine secretion in vivo. These results indicate that okra polysaccharides may potentially serve as novel immunomodulators.

Disturbance Observer-Based Patient-Cooperative Control of a Lower Extremity Rehabilitation Exoskeleton

Chong Chen,Shimin Zhang,Xiaoxiao Zhu,Jingyu Shen,Zhiyao Xu 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.5

Many patients with stroke are suff ering lower limb locomotor dysfunctions all over the world. Body weight supported treadmilltraining has proven to be an eff ective post-stroke rehabilitation training method for these people’s recovery. Nowadays,lower extremity rehabilitation exoskeleton composed of a pair of mechanical legs has been introduced into body weightsupported treadmill training, which can guide and assist the movements of the patient’s legs. However, active movementsof the patient are hardly to be achieved when the rehabilitation exoskeleton is controlled by a commonly utilized positionbasedpassive strategy. Considering the restriction above, a weight supported rehabilitation training exoskeleton device wasdesigned in this paper to ensure the stroke patient can participate in rehabilitation training voluntarily. To realize this goal,a patient-cooperative rehabilitation training strategy based on adaptive impedance control is adopted for the swing phase inthe training. Human–exoskeleton interaction torques are evaluated by a backpropagation neural network and a disturbanceobserver whose stability is proved by Lyapunov’s law. With no additional demand of interaction torque sensors, the complexityof this system is simplifi ed and the cost is reduced. In order to promote the involvement of patient during the rehabilitationtraining, fuzzy algorithm is used to adjust the impedance parameters according to the human–exoskeleton interaction torques. The eff ectiveness of the whole rehabilitation control strategy is demonstrated by experimental results.

Analysis of Security Policy in Practical Internet Coordinates

Xiaohan Zhao,Xiaoxiao Song,Xiao Wang,Yang Chen,Beixing Deng,Xing Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2009 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.3 No.1

Network Coordinate (NC) System is an effective mechanism to predict network delay with limited measure overhead. As one of the representative NC systems, Practical Internet Coordinates (PIC) has proposed a security policy based on triangle inequality to defend malicious nodes in the system. However, there is a natural phenomena that nodes may violate triangle inequality in Internet. Thus, the performance of PIC security policy is worthy to be well researched under different attacks. In this paper, we analyze the security policy in PIC in three real network delay data sets and compare PIC with security to without security under four typical attacks. The experimental results in this paper demonstrate that PIC is vulnerable to attacks while more TIVs will cause higher relative error of PIC. Moreover, under attacks by more than 40% malicious nodes, the performance of PIC with security policy could barely be better than PIC without security. Even Colluding Isolate attack will result in worse performance in PIC having security policy.

Effects of Dietary Coconut Oil as a Medium-chain Fatty Acid Source on Performance, Carcass Composition and Serum Lipids in Male Broilers

Jianhong Wang,Xiaoxiao Wang,Juntao Li,Yiqiang Chen,Wenjun Yang,Liying Zhang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary coconut oil as a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) source on performance, carcass composition and serum lipids in male broilers. A total of 540, one-day-old, male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments with each treatment being applied to 6 replicates of 18 chicks. The basal diet (i.e., R0) was based on corn and soybean meal and was supplemented with 1.5% soybean oil during the starter phase (d 0 to 21) and 3.0% soybean oil during the grower phase (d 22 to 42). Four experimental diets were formulated by replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of the soybean oil with coconut oil (i.e., R25, R50, R75, and R100). Soybean oil and coconut oil were used as sources of long-chain fatty acid and MCFA, respectively. The feeding trial showed that dietary coconut oil had no effect on weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. On d 42, serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were linearly decreased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and total lipase activities were linearly increased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Abdominal fat weight/eviscerated weight (p = 0.05), intermuscular fat width (p<0.01) and subcutaneous fat thickness (p<0.01) showed a significant quadratic relationship, with the lowest value at R75. These results indicated that replacement of 75% of the soybean oil in diets with coconut oil is the optimum level to reduce fat deposition and favorably affect lipid profiles without impairing performance in broilers.

Cerebellar Structural Abnormality in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Lu Qifang,Chen Jin,Wang Yanming,Huang Li,Jiang Zhoufan,Nguchu Benedictor Alexander,Chen Shishuo,Qiu Bensheng,Wang Xiaoxiao 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.4

Objective This study uses structural magnetic resonance imaging to explore changes in the cerebellar lobules in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and further analyze the correlation between cerebellar structural changes and clinical symptoms of ASD.Methods A total of 75 patients with ASD and 97 typically developing (TD) subjects from Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange dataset were recruited. We adopted an advanced automatic cerebellar lobule segmentation technique called CEREbellum Segmentation to segment each cerebellar hemisphere into 12 lobules. Normalized cortical thickness of each lobule was recorded, and group differences in the cortical measures were evaluated. Correlation analysis was also performed between the normalized cortical thickness and the score of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised.Results Results from analysis of variance showed that the normalized cortical thickness of the ASD group differed significantly from that of the TD group; specifically, the ASD group had lower normalized cortical thickness than the TD group. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the differences were more predominant in the left lobule VI, left lobule Crus I and left lobule X, and in the right lobule VI and right lobule Crus I. Lowered normalized cortical thickness in the left lobule Crus I in the ASD patients correlated positively with the abnormality of development evident at or before 36 months subscore.Conclusion These results suggest abnormal development of cerebellar lobule structures in ASD patients, and such abnormality might significantly influence the pathogenesis of ASD. These findings provide new insights into the neural mechanisms of ASD, which may be clinically relevant to ASD diagnosis.

Clinical and Immunological Factors Associated with Postpartum Hepatic Flares in Immune-Tolerant Pregnant Women with Hepatitis B Virus Infection Treated with Telbivudine

( Junfeng Lu ),( Xiaoxiao Wang ),( Yunxia Zhu ),( Lina Ma ),( Sujun Zheng ),( Zhongjie Hu ),( Xinyue Chen ) 대한간학회 2021 Gut and Liver Vol.15 No.6

Background/Aims: To investigate postpartum hepatic flares and associated factors in highly viremic pregnant patients in the immune tolerance phase who adopted telbivudine (LdT) treatment in the last trimester to reduce vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus. Methods: Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive, highly viremic pregnant women were recruited for this prospective study. Treatment with LdT was started from 28 weeks of gestation. Virological and biochemical markers were examined before LdT treatment, antepartum and postpartum. Serial blood samples at the same time were collected to detect cytokines and cortisol (COR). Results: Fifty-six of 153 patients (36.6%) had postpartum hepatic flares, defined as a 2-fold increase in alanine aminotransferase 6 weeks after delivery. Age and the antepartum alanine aminotransferase and postpartum HBeAg levels were independent influencing factors of postpartum hepatic flares. Cytokines showed no regularity during or after pregnancy. Compared with the patients with no postpartum flares, the patients with flares had lower baseline interferon γ and COR levels (p=0.022 and p=0.028) and higher postpartum interferon γ levels (p=0.026). Conclusions: A high proportion of highly viremic and immune-tolerant pregnant patients treated with LdT in the last trimester had postpartum hepatic flares, which implied that these patients entered the immune clearance phase after delivery. Thus, this may create an appropriate opportunity for re-antiviral therapy. (Gut Liver 2021;15:887-894)