Antifungal activity of 3-acetylbenzamide produced by actinomycete WA23-4-4 from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana

Xia Fang,Juan Shen,Jie Wang,Zhi-li Chen,Pei-bin lin,Zhi-yu Chen,Lin-yan Liu,Huan-xiong Zeng,Xiao-bao Jin 한국미생물학회 2018 The journal of microbiology Vol.56 No.7

Actinomycetes are well-known for producing numerous bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, primary screening by antifungal activity assay found one actinomycete strain WA23-4-4 isolated from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana that exhibited broad spectrum antifungal activity. 16S rDNA gene analysis of strain WA23-4-4 revealed close similarity to Streptomyces nogalater (AB045886) with 86.6% sequence similarity. Strain WA23-4-4 was considered as a novel Streptomyces and the 16s rDNA sequence has been submitted to GenBank (accession no. KX291006). The maximum antifungal activity of WA23-4-4 was achieved when culture conditions were optimized to pH 8.0, with 12% inoculum concentration and 210 ml ISP2 medium, which remained stable between the 5th and the 9th day. 3-Acetyl benzoyl amide was isolated by ethyl acetate extraction of WA23- 4-4 fermentation broth, and its molecular formula was determined as C9H9NO2 based on MS, IR, 1H, and 13C NMR analyses. The compound showed significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (MIC: 31.25 μg/ml) and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 (MIC: 31.25 μg/ml). However, the compound had higher MIC values against Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 60836 (MIC: 500 μg/ml) and Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 96918 (MIC: 1,000 μg/ml). SEM analysis showed damage to the cell membrane of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and to the mycelium of Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 after being treatment with 3-acetyl benzoyl amide. In conclusion, this is the first time that 3-acetyl benzoyl amide has been identified from an actinomycete and this compound exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404.

Preparative separation of minor saponins from Panax notoginseng leaves using biotransformation, macroporous resins, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography

Fang Liu,Ni Ma,Fang-Bo Xia,Peng Li,Chengwei He,Zhenqiang Wu,Jian-Bo Wan 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.1

Background: Ginsenosides with less sugar moieties may exhibit the better adsorptive capacity and more pharmacological activities. Methods: An efficient method for the separation of four minor saponins, including gypenoside XVII, notoginsenoside Fe, ginsenoside Rd2, and notoginsenoside Fd, from Panax notoginseng leaves (PNL) was established using biotransformation, macroporous resins, and subsequent preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The dried PNL powder was immersed in the distilled water at 50C for 30 min for converting the major saponins, ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rb3, to minor saponins, gypenoside XVII, notoginsenoside Fe, ginsenoside Rd2, and notoginsenoside Fd, respectively, by the enzymes present in PNL. The adsorption characteristics of these minor saponins on five types of macroporous resins, D-101, DA-201, DM-301, X-5, and S-8, were evaluated and compared. Among them, D-101 was selected due to the best adsorption and desorption properties. Under the optimized conditions, the fraction containing the four target saponins was separated by D-101 resin. Subsequently, the target minor saponins were individually separated and purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography with a reversed-phase column. Conclusion: Our study provides a simple and efficient method for the preparation of these four minor saponins from PNL, which will be potential for industrial applications.

FUZZY METRIC SPACES

Xia, Zun-Quan,Guo, Fang-Fang 한국전산응용수학회 2004 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.16 No.1

In this paper, fuzzy metric spaces are redefined, different from the previous ones in the way that fuzzy scalars instead of fuzzy numbers or real numbers are used to define fuzzy metric. It is proved that every ordinary metric space can induce a fuzzy metric space that is complete whenever the original one does. We also prove that the fuzzy topology induced by fuzzy metric spaces defined in this paper is consistent with the given one. The results provide some foundations for the research on fuzzy optimization and pattern recognition.

AN ABS-FRE ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING SYSTEMS OF FUZZY RELATION EQUATIONS

Xia, Zun-Quan,Guo, Fang-Fang 한국전산응용수학회 2004 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.15 No.1

The general scheme of an algorithm, called an ABS-FRE algorithm, for solving systems of fuzzy relation equations (systems of FRE) via the ABS algorithms is presented. As special cases, two particular algorithms for obtaining the greatest and minimal solutions of systems of FRE are described. Several new operations used in this scheme are given, for instance, operators $\veebar$ and $\underline{\wedge}$ called quasi-inverses of operators $\vee$ and $\wedge$, respectively, etc.

Paper-based Cell Culture Microfluidic System

Fang Fang Tao,Xia Xiao,Kin Fong Lei,I-Chi Lee 한국바이오칩학회 2015 BioChip Journal Vol.9 No.2

In the past decades, glass/PDMS-basedmicrofluidic systems have been rapidly developed to provide homogenous and stable microenvironment for culturing cells. Although these excellent demonstrations involve much simplified operations than traditional cell culture protocol, but they are still not readily accessible to untrained personnel and not appropriate to operate in conventional biological laboratories. In this work, cellulose filter papers were used for the substrates of the cell culture microfluidic system, which provides a convenient tool for cell-based assay. A paper was patterned with culture areas and channels by wax printing technique. Medium or tested substance can be passively perfused to the culture areas. Analyses of cyto-compatibility, cell proliferation, cell morphology, and cell chemosensitivity were performed to confirm the possibility of the paper-based system. Theculture system could provide a platform for a wide range of cell-based assays with applications in drug screening and quantitative cell biology. This work demonstrated a paper-based cell culture microfluidic system and the system is inexpensive, disposable, and compatible to the existing culture facility. In the past decades, glass/PDMS-based microfluidic systems have been rapidly developed to provide homogenous and stable microenvironment for culturing cells. Although these excellent demonstrations involve much simplified operations than traditional cell culture protocol, but they are still not readily accessible to untrained personnel and not appropriate to operate in conventional biological laboratories. In this work, cellulose filter papers were used for the substrates of the cell culture microfluidic system, which provides a convenient tool for cell-based assay. A paper was patterned with culture areas and channels by wax printing technique. Medium or tested substance can be passively perfused to the culture areas. Analyses of cyto-compatibility, cell proliferation, cell morphology,and cell chemosensitivity were performed to confirm the possibility of the paper-based system. The culture system could provide a platform for a wide range of cell-based assays with applications in drug screening and quantitative cell biology. This work demonstrateda paper-based cell culture microfluidic system and the system is inexpensive, disposable, and compatible to the existing culture facility.

Bayesian case influence analysis for GARCH models based on Kullback–Leibler divergence

Hong-Xia Hao,Jinguan Lin,Hong-Xia Wang,Xing-Fang Huang 한국통계학회 2016 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.45 No.4

Influence analysis has become an important tool for statistical analysis. This paper is concerned with Bayesian case influence analysis for generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model. Case influence analysis is developed for both the joint and marginal posterior distributions based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence (K–L divergence). A simplified expression is presented for computing the K–L divergence between the full data posterior distribution and the case-deleted posterior distributions. The related computations can be done numerically by Markov Chain Monte Carlo samples from posterior distribution with full data. Some simulation studies are carried out to examine the performance of the proposed methods and show the relations between case-deletion model (CDM) and mean-shift outlier model (MSOM) for the GARCH models. Meanwhile, the methods are also illustrated by a real data.

Cordblood-Based High-Throughput Screening for Deafness Gene of 646 Newborns in Jinan Area of China

Shou-Xia Li,Ding-Li Chen,Su-Bin Zhao,Li-Li Guo,Hai-Qin Feng,Xiao-Fang Zhang,Li-Li Ping,Zhi-Ming Yang,Cai-Xia Sun,Gen-Dong Yao 대한이비인후과학회 2015 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.8 No.3

Objectives. Infants with slight/mild or late-onset hearing impairment might be missed in universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS). We identified the mutation hot spot of common deaf gene in the newborns in Jinan area population by screening the mutation spot with neonate cord blood, in order to make clear whether the neonate cord blood for screening is feasible. Methods. Six hundred and forty-six newborns were subjected to both UNHS and genetic screening for deafness by using neonate cord blood. The newborn genetic screening targeted four deafness-associated genes, which were commonly found in the Chinese population including gap junction beta-2 protein (GJB2), gap junction beta-3 protein (GJB3), solute carrier family 26 member 4 (SLC26A4), and mtDNA 12S rRNA. The most common 20 spot mutations in 4 deaf genes were detected by MassARRAY iPLEX platform and mitochondrial 12S rRNA A1555G and C1494T mutations were sequenced using Sanger sequencing. Results. Among the 646 newborns, 635 cases passed the UNHS and the other 11 cases (1.7%) did not. Of the 11 failures, two cases were found to carry homozygous GJB2 p.R143W pathogenic mutation, one case was found to have heterozygous GJB2 235delC mutation, and another one case carried heterozygous GJB3 p.R180X pathogenic mutation. Six hundred and thirty-five babies passed the newborn hearing screening, in which 25 babies were identified to carry pathogenic mutations, including 12 heterozygotes (1.9%) for GJB2 235delC, eight heterozygotes (1.3%) for SLC26A4 IVS7-2A>G, one heterozygote (0.2%) for p.R409H, two homozygotes (0.3%) for m.1494C>T, and two homozygotes (0.3%) for m.1555A>G. Conclusion. Newborn genetic screening through the umbilical cord blood for common deafness-associated mutations may identify carriers sensitive to aminoglycoside antibiotic, and can effectively prevent or delay hearing loss occurs.

Comparison of the Effects of Propofol and Midazolam on Inflammation and Oxidase Stress in Children with Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Wen-fang Xia,Qing-shan Zhou,Yu Liu,Qi-zhu Tang,Han-dong Zou 연세대학교의과대학 2011 Yonsei medical journal Vol.52 No.2

Purpose: To investigate and compare the effects of propofol and midazolam on inflammation and oxidase stress in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two ASA class I-II children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery were randomly divided into two groups: propofol combined with low dose fentanyl (PF group, n = 16) and midazolam combined with low dose fentanyl (MF group, n = 16). Tracheal extubation time and length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay were recorded. Blood samples were taken before operation (T_0), at 2 h after release of the aorta cross-clamp (T_3) and at 24 h after operation (T_4) to measure interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Myocardium samples were collected at 10-20 min after aorta cross-clamp (T_1) and at 10-20 min after the release of the aorta cross-clamp (T_2) to detect heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Results: Tracheal extubation time and length of ICU stay in PF group were significantly shorter than those of the MF group (p < 0.05, respectively). After cardiopulmonary bypass, IL-6, IL-8 and MDA levels were significantly increased, and the SOD level was significantly reduced in both two groups, but PF group exhibited lower IL-6, IL-8 and MDA levels and higher SOD levels than the MF group (p < 0.05, respectively). The HO-1 expression in the PF group was significantly higher than that in MF group at the corresponding time points (p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Propofol is superior to midazolam in reducing inflammation and oxidase stress and in improving post-operation recovery in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery.

Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals That the 20K and 38K Prophages in Listeria monocytogenes Serovar 4a Strains Lm850658 and M7 Contribute to Genetic Diversity but Not to Virulence

( Chun Fang ),( Tong Cao ),( Ying Shan ),( Ye Xia ),( Yong Ping Xin ),( Chang Yong Cheng ),( Houhui Song ),( John Bowman ),( Xiao Liang Li ),( Xiang Yang Zhou ),( Wei Huan Fang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.1

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of considerable genetic diversity with varying pathogenicity. Initially, we found that the strain M7 was far less pathogenic than the strain Lm850658 though both are serovar 4a strains belonging to the lineage III. Comparative genomic approaches were then attempted to decipher the genetic basis that might govern the strain-dependent pathotypes. There are 2,761 coding sequences of 100% nucleotide identity between the two strains, accounting for 95.7% of the total genes in Lm850658 and 92.7% in M7. Lm850658 contains 33 specific genes, including a novel 20K prophage whereas strain M7 has 130 specific genes, including two large prophages (38K and 44K). To examine the roles of these specific prophages in pathogenicity, the 20K and 38K prophages were deleted from their respective strains. There were virtually no differences of pathogenicity between the deletion mutants and their parent strains, although some putative virulent factors like VirB4 are present in the 20K region or holin-lysin in the 38K region. In silico PCR analysis of 29 listeria genomes show that only strain SLCC2540 has the same 18 bp integration hotspot as Lm850658, whereas the sequence identity of their 20K prophages is very low (21.3%). The 38K and 44K prophages are located in two other different hotspots and are conserved in low virulent strains M7, HCC23, and L99. In conclusion, the 20K and 38K prophages of L. monocytogenes serovar 4a strains Lm850658 and M7 are not related to virulence but contribute to genetic diversity.

Preparative separation of minor saponins from Panax notoginseng leaves using biotransformation, macroporous resins, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography

Liu, Fang,Ma, Ni,Xia, Fang-Bo,Li, Peng,He, Chengwei,Wu, Zhenqiang,Wan, Jian-Bo The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.1

Background: Ginsenosides with less sugar moieties may exhibit the better adsorptive capacity and more pharmacological activities. Methods: An efficient method for the separation of four minor saponins, including gypenoside XVII, notoginsenoside Fe, ginsenoside Rd2, and notoginsenoside Fd, from Panax notoginseng leaves (PNL) was established using biotransformation, macroporous resins, and subsequent preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The dried PNL powder was immersed in the distilled water at $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 min for converting the major saponins, ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rb3, to minor saponins, gypenoside XVII, notoginsenoside Fe, ginsenoside Rd2, and notoginsenoside Fd, respectively, by the enzymes present in PNL. The adsorption characteristics of these minor saponins on five types of macroporous resins, D-101, DA-201, DM-301, X-5, and S-8, were evaluated and compared. Among them, D-101 was selected due to the best adsorption and desorption properties. Under the optimized conditions, the fraction containing the four target saponins was separated by D-101 resin. Subsequently, the target minor saponins were individually separated and purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography with a reversed-phase column. Conclusion: Our study provides a simple and efficient method for the preparation of these four minor saponins from PNL, which will be potential for industrial applications.