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Experimental and numerical study of turbulent mixing in a model of a polymerization reactor
Xavier Ingle`s,Jordi Pallares,Marı´a Teresa Larre,Luis Me´ndez,Francesc Xavier Grau 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.4
In this study the turbulent mixing in a model of a polymerization reactor is analyzed experimentally and numerically. The model corresponds to a zone of an autoclave reactor equipped with a stirrer. Two different configurations of the stirrer, with different arrangement of the paddles, have been considered. The mixing process has been monitored by following the time-evolution of injections of a passive scalar through the different inlets of the model. The time-evolution of the mixing quality in a laboratory scale model of the reactor has been measured using water and the Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF)technique. Numerical simulations of the flow and of the mixing processes were carried out and results of the evolution of the mixing are compared successfully with measurements. The mixing processes are dominated by the flow topology generated by the rotation of the stirrer. Superimposed to the tangential flow, secondary flows divide the length of the reactor in different zones. It has been found that macro mixing in each individual zone is a relatively fast process and that the mixing rates within each zone are very similar. However, the mixing rate between different zones is a relatively slow process.
Experimental and numerical study on the detection of fatigue failure in hydraulic turbines
Xavier Sánchez-Botello,Adolfo de la Torre,Rafel Roig,Esteve Jou,Oscar de la Torre,Javier Ayneto,Xavier Escaler 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.10
Detecting fatigue cracks in hydraulic turbine runners is costly, as it requires stopping the unit, emptying it of water and accessing the runner for inspection. Thus, an alternative way based on monitoring the changes of the structural modal response induced by the formation and growth of a crack was investigated. To do so, the crack propagation induced by a resonance was numerically predicted and experimentally machined on a disk-like structure that resembles a Kaplan turbine runner. The analysis of the results shows how the different stages of the fatigue crack growth can be monitored based on the change of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of several specific modes. Based on the obtained results, a structural health monitoring system is being designed to monitor the turbine runner modes of vibration without the need to stop and inspect the unit.
Xavier Benadict Joseph,Megha Maria Stanley,Sea-Fue Wang,Mary George 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.110 No.-
The potential impact of antibiotics in water environments affects aquatic organisms, microbial communitystructure, and resistance genes. In this work, we report the hydrothermal synthesis of twodimensional(2D) tungsten carbide (WC) nanoparticles on CO32- anion intercalated three-dimensional(3D) self-assembled nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) nanorods, for the electrochemicaldetermination of norfloxacin (NRF). The synergistic impact between the dual active components ofthe prepared electrode offered increased active surface area, high electrical conductivity, and promptmass and ion diffusion, resulting in improved electrochemical performance for NRF monitoring. In idealconditions, WC@NiCo-LDH modified electrode exhibited enhanced electrochemical characteristics, widelinear response (DPV = 0.02–83.4 lM and in i-t = 0.002–346 lM), and lowdetection limit (LOD) (DPV = 0. 005 lM and i-t = 0.002 lM). Furthermore, good reproducibility, virtuous operational and cycle stabilities,were obtained. The practical applications in real-world samples with acceptable recovery ranges wereverified the interference-free sensing of NRF.
Xavier PHILIPPE 한국공법학회 2018 公法硏究 Vol.47 No.1
La procédure administrative contentieuse française a fait l’objet de profondes réformes à la fin des années 1990 et le début des années 2000. Sous l’impulsion conjuguée du juge constitutionnel, du législateur et du juge administratif lui-même, la procédure administrative contentieuse française a semblé renforcer le droit à une procédure régulière équitable (due process of law). Le code de justice administrative a ainsi consacré nombre de principes qui avaient été dégagés par le juge mais qui furent consacrés législativement. Ce libéralisme dans la protection de la procédure équitable en matière contentieuse administrative a cependant ralenti sa progression depuis le milieu des années 2010. Le législateur et le pouvoir réglementaire ont multiplié les barrières destinées à discipliner les recours et à rationaliser la procédure et à permettre les réductions des délais de jugement. La procédure administrative contentieuse a ainsi davantage protégé l’efficacité au détriment de l’équité.
Fractal analysis and statistics of seismic generation rates: the example of the southern California
Xavier Lana,Maria Dolors Martínez,Seyed Amir Hosseini,Carina Serra 한국지질과학협의회 2017 Geosciences Journal Vol.21 No.3
The seismic generation rate, SGR, at southern California along the 1981–2007 recording period is analysed with the main purpose of finding out whether there exist some correlations between seismic activity before, after and along aftershock sequences triggered by mainshocks of high magnitude. The possibility that a mainshock could be triggered by another neighbouring mainshock and its aftershock sequence is also investigated. The analyses are based on monthly SGR series, obtained as the number of events detected every month along the recording period considered. These monthly SGR series are derived for three aftershock areas associated with Landers (June 28, 1992, Mw = 7.3), Northridge (January 17, 1994, Mw = 6.7) and Hector Mine (October 16, 1999, Mw = 7.1) mainshocks. The most relevant features of SGR series are investigated through various techniques: 1) the rescaled range analysis and the interpretation of the Hurst exponent in terms of persistence, anti-persistence and randomness; 2) time trend estimation by the Kendall-tau algorithm and assessment of their statistical significance by the Mann-Kendall test; 3) the self-affine character, derived from semivariograms, and the Hausdorff measure; 4) autocorrelation and power spectra; 5) cross-correlation and cross-power spectra; 6) the search for the statistical distribution best reproducing the empirical probability of SGR series. Additionally, a close look at plots of epicenters within the aftershock areas, distinguishing between periods of background and aftershock activity, permits detecting some features of the seismicity. Changes on spatial patterns of seismicity suggest that the effects of tectonic stress redistribution could persist beyond an aftershock period, at short and medium distances of the mainshock. This possibility would be also in agreement with cross-correlation results for SGR series.