연구보문 : 식물환경 ; 폐가축사체의 농업적 재활용을 위한 가축사체 액상부산물의 액비화 조건 구명

서영진 ( Young Jin Seo ),서동철 ( Dong Cheol Seo ),강세원 ( Se Won Kang ),이상규 ( Sang Gyu Lee ),박주왕 ( Ju Wang Park ),최익원 ( Ik Won Choi ),성환후 ( Hwan Hoo Sung ),강석진 ( Seog Jin Kang ),조주식 ( Ju Sik Cho1 ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.4

가축사체 액상부산물을 이용하여 액비의 최적조건(미생물, pH, 미생물 주입량)을 조사하였고, 이들 최적 조건하에서 112일간 부숙하여 액비의 품질을 평가하였다. 가축사체 액상 부산물 액비 부숙시 최적 LP 미생물의 주입량은 0.5 mL/100mL이었으며, pH는 7 조건에서 각각 50점으로 완숙판정을 받았다. 최적조건하에서 112일 동안 부숙시킨 액비의 부숙도 는 부숙 후 28일에 50점을 받아 완숙판정을 받았으며, 부숙기 간이 길어짐에 따라 부숙 56일에는 온도가 60℃를 넘어 최고 점인 55점을 받았고, 이후 온도가 조금씩 낮아져 부숙 후 112 일에는 실온조건에 이르렀다. 완숙된 가축사체 액상부산물 액 비의 품질을 평가해본 결과, 최적조건하에서 부숙시킨 액비의 경우에는 T-N, P2O5 및 K2O의 함량이 28일에 가장 높았으며, 시간이 경과함에 따라 약간 감소하는 경향이었다. 또한, 유해성분(As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb 및 Zn)의 함량은 28일, 56일 및 112일 부숙시킨 액비에서 모두 비료공정규격 기 준치에 적합하였다. 이상의 결과를 미루어 볼 때 가축사체 액상부산물을 농업적 재활용을 위한 액비화 조건은 pH 7조건 에서 LP 미생물을 0.5 mL/100 mL 주입한 경우이다. 하지 만 본 연구에서 비교된 가축분뇨 발효액은 공시재료(가축사체)가 상이하여 향후 가축사체를 이용한 액비의 부숙도 기준이 개선되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. BACKGROUND: Globally, concern about emerging infectious diseases of livestock is growing. For the disposal of the animal carcass, it is necessary to recycle the carcass into an agriculturally usable product. The objective of this study was to investigate the composting conditions of liquid by-product obtained from degradation of animal carcass. METHODS AND RESULTS: Optimum conditions of liquid fertilizer were investigated using different microorganisms, pHs, and volumes of microorganisms (Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Pichia deserticola). Based on the results from the optimum conditions, compost maturity and quality of liquid fertilizer were evaluated for 112 days. The compost maturity of liquid fertilizer were higher in the order of LP(Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Pichia deserticola) > BC(Bacillus cereus) > BS (Bacillus subtilis). The optimum condition under different volumes of LP was injection of 0.5 mL/100 mL. The compost maturity under different pHs were higher in the order of pH 7 > 5 ≥ 9 ÷ 11. The liquid by-product at 56 days after composting was completely decomposed. The concentrations of T-N, T-P and K2O in liquid fertilizer at 56 days were 0.94, 0.17 and 3.78%, respectively, and the sum of those concentrations was 4.89%. CONCLUSION(S): Liquid fertilizer of by-product using pig carcass was decomposed with optimum conditions(LP, pH 7, injection of 0.5 mL/100 mL) in 56 days after composting, and was suitable for official standard of commercial fertilizer.

우황청심원(牛黃淸心元)이 저산소증 유발 배양신경세포에 미치는 영향

조규선,신길조,문일수,이원철,정승현,Cho, Gyu-Seon,Shin, Gil-Cho,Moon, Il-Soo,Lee, Won-Chul,Chung, Sung-Hyun 대한한방내과학회 2001 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of Woohwangcheongsim-won on neuronal death of hypoxic E18 cortical neuroblast. Methods : To evaluate the effect of Woohwangcheongsim-won on neuronal death caused by hypoxia, the survival rate of E18 cortical neuroblast was measured with MTT assay and the changes of several synaptic proteins and enzymes were investigated with the immunoblot assays. Results : The E18 cortical neuroblasts were added 50, 100, 500, 1,000, and $5,000{\mu}g/ml$ Woohwangcheongsim-won. They showed neurotoxicity, when the concentration of Woohwangcheongsim-won was above $1,000{\mu}g/ml$. The E18 cortical neuroblasts, which were added 50, 100, and $500{\mu}g/ml$ Woohwangcheongsim-won, were exposed 98% $N_2/5%\;CO_2$ for 3 hours to induce hypoxia, 3 days later, the survival rate of $50{\mu}g/ml$ Woohwangcheongsim-won was 141.5% when compared to the control group. On the immuneblot assays, the expressions of ${\alpha}$CaMKII, NR2A, NR28, PDE2, PSD-95, and eEF-$1{\alpha}$ were increased in normoxia, but those of NR2A, NR2B were decreased in hypoxia when compared to the control group. Conclusions : The data shows that the effects of Woohwangcheongsim-won on neuronal death of hypoxic E18 cortical neuroblast is a significant result.

Electrochemical properties of Si film electrodes grown on current collectors with CuO nanostructures for thin-film microbatteries.

Cho, Gyu-Bong,Lee, Won-Rak,Choi, Hyun-Kwang,Kim, Kyeong-Hee,Nam, Tae-Hyun,Kim, Guk-Tae,Noh, Jung-Pil,Kim, Ki-Won American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.14 No.12

<P>Si film electrodes were deposited onto Cu foil current collectors fabricated with well-formed CuO nanostructures. The structural and electrochemical properties of the Cu foils oxidized for 1, 3, and 6 h and of the Si film electrodes were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and charge/discharge tests. The morphologies and XRD profiles suggested that the oxidized Cu foils consisted of a top CuO layer and a bottom Cu2O layer. The surface roughness of the Cu foils decreased with increasing oxidation time since the flower-like CuO nanostructures weakly adhered to the surface were easily detached by ultrasonic cleaning. The cycle performance of the Si film electrode with the rougher CuO layer rapidly deteriorated, whereas the flat Cu2O layer showing a relatively high electric conductivity induced the formation of a dense Si film and improved the electrochemical performance of the Si film electrode.</P>

Fate of Neutrophils during the Recovery Phase of Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Cho, Wonyong,Song, Jie-Young,Oh, Se Won,Kim, Myung Gyu,Ko, Yoon Sook,Lee, Hee Yong,Jo, Sang Kyung The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2017 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.32 No.10

<P>Effective clearance of inflammatory cells is required for resolution of inflammation. Here, we show in vivo evidence that apoptosis and reverse transendothelial migration (rTEM) are important mechanisms in eliminating neutrophils and facilitating recovery following ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) of the kidney. The clearance of neutrophils was delayed in the Bax knockout (KO)<SUP>BM</SUP> → wild-type (WT) chimera in which bone marrow derived cells are partially resistant to apoptosis, compared to WT<SUP>BM</SUP> → WT mice. These mice also showed delayed functional, histological recovery, increased tissue cytokines, and accelerated fibrosis. The circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)<SUP>+</SUP> Gr-1<SUP>+</SUP> neutrophils displaying rTEM phenotype increased during the recovery phase and blockade of junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C), a negative regulator of rTEM, resulted in an increase in circulating ICAM-1<SUP>+</SUP> neutrophils, faster resolution of inflammation and recovery. The presence of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) in circulating ICAM-1<SUP>+</SUP> neutrophils could suggest that they are derived from injured kidneys. In conclusion, we suggest that apoptosis and rTEM are critically involved in the clearance mechanisms of neutrophils during the recovery phase of IRI.</P>

A novel Epstein–Barr virus-latent membrane protein-1-specific T-cell receptor for TCR gene therapy

Cho, Hyun-Il,Kim, Un-Hee,Shin, A-Ri,Won, Ji-Na,Lee, Hyun-Joo,Sohn, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Tai-Gyu Nature Publishing Group 2018 The British journal of cancer Vol. No.

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T-cells to express antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) is a feasible and effective therapeutic approach for numerous types of cancers, including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies. Here, we describe a TCR gene transfer regimen to rapidly and reliably generate T-cells specific to EBV-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1), which is a potential target for T-cell-based immunotherapy.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>A novel TCR specific to LMP1 (LMP1-TCR) was isolated from HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice that were immunised with the minimal epitope LMP1<SUB>166</SUB> (TLLVDLLWL), and LMP1-TCR-transduced peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated for functional specificities.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Both human CD8 and CD4 T-cells expressing the LMP1-TCR provoked high levels of cytokine secretion and cytolytic activity towards peptide-pulsed and LMP1-expressing tumour cells. Notably, recognition of these T-cells to peptide-pulsed cells was maintained at low concentration of peptide, implying that the LMP1-TCR has high avidity. Infusion of these engineered T-cells revealed remarkable therapeutic effects and inhibition of tumour growth in a preclinical xenogeneic model. We observed explosive <I>ex vivo</I> proliferation of functional TCR-transduced T-cells with artificial antigen-presenting cells that express co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and 4-1BBL.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>These data suggest that the novel TCR-targeting LMP1 might allow the potential design of T-cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies against EBV-positive malignancies.</P>

Electrochemical Properties of Si Film Electrodes Grown on Current Collectors with Reduced Cu₂O Nanostructures for Li Ion Battery

Cho, Gyu-Bong,Chae, Myung-Rang,Jeong, Jae-Seung,Noh, Jung-Pil,Choi, Hyon-Kwang,Ahn, Hyo-Jun,Nam, Tae-Hyun,Kim, Ki-Won American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.16 No.10

<P>Si film electrodes were fabricated on surface-modified Cu current collectors (foils) by using an oxidation-reduction process and their electrochemical properties were investigated with various preoxidation times of 1, 3, and 6 h. The reduction of the preoxidized Cu foil formed Cu2O for 1 hand 3 h-preoxidized Cu foils and Cu for 6 h-preoxidized Cu foil as the reductive products on the surface, leading to the changes in the shape of nanostructures and to the decrease in the surface roughness. The Si film electrode with 1 h- and 3 h-preoxidized Cu foils exhibited the rapid capacity fading due to the presence of Cu2O. The Si film electrode with the 6 h-preoxidized (fully reduced) Cu foil demonstrated the good cycle performance, since the coral-like Cu nanostructures enhanced the adhesion with the Si film and the structural stability of the Si film electrode during the electrochemical reaction.</P>

Deciphering the Immune Modulation Mechanism of Complex Pectin through Toll-like Receptor Pattern Recognition

Gyu Hwan Hyun,In Ho Cho,Yoon Young Yang,Da-Hye Jeong,Yun Pyo Kang,You-Sun Kim,Seul Ji Lee,Sung Won Kwon 한국분석과학회 2023 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.5

Facile fabrication of patterned Si film electrodes containing trench-structured Cu current collectors for thin-film batteries

Cho, Gyu-bong,Kim, Jae-kwang,Lee, Sang-hoon,Kim, Guk-tae,Noh, Jung-pil,Cho, Kwon-koo,Kim, Ki-won,Nam, Tae-hyun,Ahn, Hyo-jun Elsevier 2017 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.224 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, two types of patterned (wholly and selectively covered) Si film electrodes containing trench-structured Cu current collectors are proposed for use in thin-film Li-ion batteries. The proposed electrodes are fabricated using a standard laser printer and electrochemical etching. The formation of the trench structure in the Si film electrodes results in improved electrochemical performance compared to conventional continuous Si film electrodes. The wholly covered Si film (WCS) electrode exhibits an 18.5% increase in capacity compared to the continuous Si film electrode. The selectively covered Si film (SCS) electrode, which is covered by Si film only at the bottom of the trenches, exhibits better electrochemical performance than the WCS electrode. An SCS electrode with a trench width of 45μm and trench height of 14.3μm exhibits the best electrochemical properties in terms of efficiency (85% in the first cycle) and cycle performance (60% capacity retention after 100 cycles).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Trench-structured Cu current collector was fabricated using facile method. </LI> <LI> Wholly covered Si film electrode exhibited an increase in capacity. </LI> <LI> Selectively covered Si film electrode exhibited good efficiency and cycleability. </LI> </UL> </P>

Association of Polymorphisms in <i>Toll-Like Receptors 4</i> and <i>9</i> with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Korean Pediatric Patients

Cho, Won Kyoung,Jang, Jung-Pil,Choi, Eun-Jeong,Ahn, Moonbae,Kim, Shin Hee,Cho, Kyoung Soon,Park, So Hyun,Baek, In Cheol,Jung, Min Ho,Kim, Tai-Gyu,Suh, Byung-Kyu Hindawi 2017 International Journal of endocrinology Vol.2017 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P><I>Toll-like receptors</I> (<I>TLRs</I>) have been suggested to be associated with the development of AITD. </P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P> Fifteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 7 <I>TLR</I> genes were analyzed in 104 Korean children (girls = 86, boys = 18) with AITD (Hashimoto disease (HD) = 44, Graves' disease (GD) = 60, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) = 29, and non-TAO = 31) with 183 controls. </P><P><B>Results</B></P><P> GD showed higher frequencies of the <I>TLR4 rs1927911</I> C allele than control. TAO showed a lower frequency of the <I>TLR4 rs1927911</I> CT genotype and non-TAO showed a higher frequency of the <I>TLR4 rs1927911</I> CC genotype than control. The frequency of the <I>TLR9 rs187084</I> CC genotype in TAO was higher than that in non-TAO. GD females showed a higher frequency of the <I>TLR</I>4 <I>rs10759932</I> T allele, <I>rs1927911</I> CC genotype, and the <I>rs1927911</I> C allele than controls. GD males showed a higher frequency of the <I>TLR4 rs10759932</I> CC genotype and <I>rs1927911</I> TT genotype and lower frequency of the <I>rs1927911</I> CT genotype than control. The frequency of the <I>TLR4 rs10759932</I> CC genotype, C allele and <I>rs1927911</I> TT genotype, and T allele in a GD female were lower than in a GD male. </P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P> Our results suggest that <I>TLR4</I> and <I>9</I> polymorphisms might contribute to the pathogenesis of GD and TAO.</P>

Patterned Si thin film electrodes for enhancing structural stability

Cho, Gyu-bong,Noh, Jung-pil,Sung, Ho-jin,Lee, Sang-hun,Im, Yeon-min,Ahn, Hyo-jun,Kim, Ki-won Springer 2012 NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.7 No.1

<P>A patterned film (electrode) with lozenge-shaped Si tiles could be successfully fabricated by masking with an expanded metal foil during film deposition. Its electrochemical properties and structural stability during the charge-discharge process were examined and compared with those of a continuous (conventional) film electrode. The patterned electrode exhibited a remarkably improved cycleability (75% capacity retention after 120 cycles) and an enhanced structural stability compared to the continuous electrode. The good electrochemical performance of the patterned electrode was attributed to the space between Si tiles that acted as a buffer against the volume change of the Si electrode.</P>