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문일수,Sun-Jung Cho,이현숙,석대현,Yong Wook Jung,진익렬,Randall Walikonis 한국분자세포생물학회 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.25 No.4
Activity-dependent local translation in the dendrites of brain neurons plays an important role in the synapsespecific provision of proteins necessary for strengthening synaptic connections. In this study we carried out combined fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunocytochemistry (IC) and showed that more than half of the eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) mRNA clusters overlapped with or were immediately adjacent to clusters of PSD-95, a postsynaptic marker, in the dendrites of cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Treatment of the neurons with KCl increased the density of the dendritic eEF1A mRNA clusters more than two-fold. FISH combined with IC revealed that the KCl treatment increased the density of eEF1A mRNA clusters that overlapped with or were immediately adjacent to PSD-95 clusters. These results indicate that KCl treatment increases both the density of eEF1A mRNA clusters and their synaptic association in dendrites of cultured neurons.
문일수,Sun-Jung Cho,Dae-Hyun Seog,Randall Walikonis 생화학분자생물학회 2009 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.41 No.8
Activity-dependent dendritic translation in CNS neurons is important for the synapse-specific provision of proteins that may be necessary for strengthening of synaptic connections. A major rate-limiting factor during protein synthesis is the availability of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), an mRNA 5'-cap-binding protein. In this study we show by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) that the mRNA for eIF4E is present in the dendrites of cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Under basal culture conditions, 58.7 ± 11.6% of the eIF4E mRNA clusters localize with or immediately adjacent to PSD-95 clusters. Neuronal activation with KCl (60 mM, 10 min) very significantly increases the number of eIF4E mRNA clusters in dendrites by 50.1 and 74.5% at 2 and 6 h after treatment, respectively. In addition, the proportion of eIF4E mRNA clusters that localize with PSD-95 increases to 74.4 ± 7.7% and 77.8 ± 7.6% of the eIF4E clusters at 2 and 6 h after KCl treatment, respectively. Our results demonstrate the presence of eIF4E mRNA in dendrites and an activity-dependent increase of these clusters at synaptic sites. This provides a potential mechanism by which protein translation at synapses may be enhanced in response to synaptic stimulation. Activity-dependent dendritic translation in CNS neurons is important for the synapse-specific provision of proteins that may be necessary for strengthening of synaptic connections. A major rate-limiting factor during protein synthesis is the availability of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), an mRNA 5'-cap-binding protein. In this study we show by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) that the mRNA for eIF4E is present in the dendrites of cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Under basal culture conditions, 58.7 ± 11.6% of the eIF4E mRNA clusters localize with or immediately adjacent to PSD-95 clusters. Neuronal activation with KCl (60 mM, 10 min) very significantly increases the number of eIF4E mRNA clusters in dendrites by 50.1 and 74.5% at 2 and 6 h after treatment, respectively. In addition, the proportion of eIF4E mRNA clusters that localize with PSD-95 increases to 74.4 ± 7.7% and 77.8 ± 7.6% of the eIF4E clusters at 2 and 6 h after KCl treatment, respectively. Our results demonstrate the presence of eIF4E mRNA in dendrites and an activity-dependent increase of these clusters at synaptic sites. This provides a potential mechanism by which protein translation at synapses may be enhanced in response to synaptic stimulation.
문일수,문창배,김한일 朝鮮大學校 電子情報通信硏究所 2003 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.2
일반적으로 형성 평가는 교수-학습 활동이 진행 중에 투입되는 평가활동으로 학습 정보에 대한 피드백과 교정 및 교수 방법의 개선을 위한 평가이다. 본 논문에서는 학습자 개인의 특성에 따라 서로 다른 피드백을 제공하는 형성평가 시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템은 지식, 이해, 적용 등의 영역별 기준에 따라 제작된 문항을 통해 각 학습자를 평가하고 이 결과를 기반으로 구분된 학습자 유형에 따라 서로 다른 피드백을 개별 학습자에게 제공하며 학습자는 이를 통해 부족한 영역을 보완하게 된다. 교수자에게는 문항별 정답 비율뿐만 아니라 학생 개개인에게 제공되었던 피드백 내용도 알려주어 교수방법을 개선하도록 한다. Generally speaking, the formative evaluation, an evaluative activity inputted in the process of teaching and learning, is aimed at bringing forth the feedback and correction on learning information and the improvement in teaching methods. In order to provide the different feedback drawing on the individual learner's characteristics, the system offers him or her the formative evaluation items, which are produced on the basis of the criteria by sections such as knowledge, comprehension and application, and it divides the feedback types according to the assesment result. Each student is given the different feedback depending on each feedback type, and he or she can make up for lacking student as well as the itemized correct answer ratio, and improve the teaching methods.
기억형성의 연접기전 : 연접하부위에서의 단백질합성 Protein Syntheisis at Subsynaptic Sites
문일수,고복현 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2004 東國醫學 Vol.11 No.1
기억은 신경망의 형성으로 이루어지는 것으로 받아들여지고 있다. 장기기억의 형성에는 연접부위에서의 단백질합성이 필수적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 연접부위에서의 단백질합성을 위하여는 mRNA가 특정 부위에 수송되어야 하며, 단백질합성은 국소적으로 조절되어야 한다. 연접이 생성되는 가지돌기에는 mRNA와 RER polyribosome, rRNA등 일부 인자들이 존재한다. mRNA는 RHA granule에 싸여 연접하부위에 수송되는데 여기에는 translation elongation factor (cEF)와 initiation factor (eIF)는 없는 것으로 알려져 있다. 필자는 연접후세포막에 단백질이 모여 있는 연접후치밀질(PSD)의 단백질구성을 조사하던 과정에 cEF1A HSP70, eIF들이 존재함을 알았다. 이들은 가지돌기내 국소적 단백질합성에 관여할 가능성이 높다. 가지돌기내 국소적 단백질합성은 활성-의존적 연접가소성의 변화에 중요한 역할을 하며, 결국 기억형성에 매우 중요하기 때문에 여기에 대한 최근의 연구결과를 소개한다. Memory is believed to be formed by neural nets. Long-lasting memory requires new proteins in addition to the pre-existing ones in the synapse. The new proteins are synthesized locally at the activated synapse. For this to occur, -As are transported to synaptic sites and local protein synthesis must occur indepent of each synapse. Dendritic mRNAs are transported in RNA granules which are translationally incompetent, because they lack translation elongation factors such as eEF and eIF. We found that eEFlA, HSP70, and eIF are present in the spines. These proteins are likely to play roles in local protein synthesis. In this review, we summarize recent development in local protein synthesis and propose a model for a mechanism of synapse-specific protein synthesis.