Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Therapeutic Tools for Breast Cancer

Su, Min,Huang, Chun-Xia,Dai, Ai-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.3

Breast cancer is one of the major threats to female health, and its incidence is rapidly increasing in many countries. Currently, breast cancer is treated with surgery, followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or both. However, a substantial proportion of breast cancer patients might have a risk for local relapse that leads to recurrence of their disease and/or metastatic breast cancer. Therefore searching for new and potential strategies for breast cancer treatment remains necessary. Immunotherapy is an attractive and promising approach that can exploit the ability of the immune system to identify and destroy tumors and thus prevent recurrence and metastatic lesions. The most promising and attractive approach of immunotherapeutic research in cancer is the blockade of immune checkpoints. In this review, we discuss the potential of certain inhibitors of immune checkpoints, such as antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), in breast cancer therapeutics. Immune checkpoint inhibitors may represent future standards of care for breast cancer as monotherapy or combined with standard therapies.

Association between Heart Rate Variability Indices and Depressed Mood in Patients with Panic Disorder

Sumin Hong(Sumin Hong),Doo-Heum Park(Doo-Heum Park),Seung-Ho Ryu(Seung-Ho Ryu),Jee Hyun Ha(Jee Hyun Ha),Hong Jun Jeon(Hong Jun Jeon) 대한정신약물학회 2022 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.4

Objective: Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the regulation of the autonomic nervous system. Panic disorder is highly associated with autonomic dysfunction, and is often accompanied by depression. The aim of this study is to determine the association between depression and HRV indices in patients with panic disorder. Methods: A total of 110 outpatients diagnosed with panic disorder participated in this study. The medical records of patients with panic disorder who visited the outpatient clinic of Konkuk University Hospital between December 2018 and March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Measurements used in this study include the Panic Disorder Severity Scale-Self Report, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Insomnia Severity Index, and HRV. Patients were divided into depressive and non-depressive groups based on their BDI-II scores. The association between HRV indices and depressive symptoms was statistically analyzed. Results: The low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio was reduced in patients with depression (mean = −0.095, p = 0.004 in the above moderate depressive group, mean = −0.120, p = 0.020 in the severe depressive group). Significant correlations were found between depressive symptoms and standard deviation of NN interval (SDNN) (ms) (−0.19, p = 0.044), very low frequency (VLF) (ms2/Hz) (−0.22, p = 0.021), LF (−0.25, p = 0.008), HF (−0.19, p = 0.043), and LF/HF (−0.25, p = 0.009). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BDI predicted SDNN (ms), VLF (ms2/Hz), LF, HF, and LF/HF. Conclusion: We confirmed that the LF/HF ratio decreases when depression is accompanied by panic disorder. HRV indices may be useful markers for detecting depressive symptoms in patients with panic disorder.

Identification of signature gene set as highly accurate determination of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression

Sumin Oh,Yang-Hyun Baek,Sungju Jung,Sumin Yoon,Byeonggeun Kang,Su-hyang Han,Gaeul Park,Je Yeong Ko,Sang-Young Han,Jin-Sook Jeong,Jin-Han Cho,Young-Hoon Roh,Sung-Wook Lee,Gi-Bok Choi,Yong Sun Lee,Won K 대한간학회 2024 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.30 No.2

Background/Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver. MASLD encompasses both steatosis and MASH. Since MASH can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer, steatosis and MASH must be distinguished during patient treatment. Here, we investigate the genomes, epigenomes, and transcriptomes of MASLD patients to identify signature gene set for more accurate tracking of MASLD progression. Methods: Biopsy-tissue and blood samples from patients with 134 MASLD, comprising 60 steatosis and 74 MASH patients were performed omics analysis. SVM learning algorithm were used to calculate most predictive features. Linear regression was applied to find signature gene set that distinguish the stage of MASLD and to validate their application into independent cohort of MASLD. Results: After performing WGS, WES, WGBS, and total RNA-seq on 134 biopsy samples from confirmed MASLD patients, we provided 1,955 MASLD-associated features, out of 3,176 somatic variant callings, 58 DMRs, and 1,393 DEGs that track MASLD progression. Then, we used a SVM learning algorithm to analyze the data and select the most predictive features. Using linear regression, we identified a signature gene set capable of differentiating the various stages of MASLD and verified it in different independent cohorts of MASLD and a liver cancer cohort. Conclusions: We identified a signature gene set (i.e., CAPG, HYAL3, WIPI1, TREM2, SPP1, and RNASE6) with strong potential as a panel of diagnostic genes of MASLD-associated disease.

Exploring the Glycolipids on Cancer Cell Surface Using Negative Nano LC/MS

Sumin Kim,Jae Yun Hwang,In Jung Ji,Young Sam Kim,Hyun Joo An 한국당과학회 2016 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.01

Gangliosides are anionic glycosphingolipids that contain one to several sialic acid residues. They participate in diverse biological processes such as cell-cell recognition, and the modulation of membrane protein function. Nonetheless of the biological importance of gangliosides, there are few studies on gangliosides due to their structural complexity and the lack of sensitive analytical tools. In this study, we have performed detailed profiling of gangliosides present on various cancer cell membrane to differentiate the cancer origins and subtype using negative ion detection mode nano LC/MS combined with membrane enrichment technique. Cell surface gangliosides were extracted from eight cancer cell lines originated from breast, lung, cervical, and lymphatic tumor and then analyzed by nano LC/MS. Extracted gangliosides were assigned based on accurate mass and the structures were further elucidated using tandem MS. GD1, GM1 and GM3 were commonly observed as major gangliosides in all cancer cell lines having various ceramide portion. Hierarchical clustering based on Pearson correlation coefficients were also used to compare and classify each cell line. Cancer origins and molecular subtypes could be distinguished based on distinctive ganglioside profiles. These results demonstrate that significant differences in cancer cell surface gangliosides can be used for potential application toward cancer diagnosis and treatment.

청해 (靑海) 몽고족부녀 생육습속의 선변, 인구추세와 21세기

Sumin Hao,Yila Su 국제아세아민속학회 1997 아세아민속연구 Vol.1 No.-

Functional roles of CTCF in breast cancer

( Sumin Oh ),( Chaeun Oh ),( Kyung Hyun Yoo ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2017 BMB Reports Vol.50 No.9

CTCF, Zinc-finger protein, has been identified as a multifunctional transcription factor that regulates gene expression through various mechanisms, including recruitment of other co-activators and binding to promoter regions of target genes. Furthermore, it has been proposed to be an insulator protein that contributes to the establishment of functional threedimensional chromatin structures. It can disrupt transcription through blocking the connection between an enhancer and a promoter. Previous studies revealed that the onset of various diseases, including breast cancer, could be attributed to the aberrant expression of CTCF itself or one or more of its target genes. In this review, we will describe molecular dysfunction involving CTCF that induces tumorigenesis and summarize the functional roles of CTCF in breast cancer. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(9): 445-453]

A ketogenic diet reduces body weight gain and alters insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity

Sumin Heo,Soo Jin Yang 한국영양학회 2023 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.56 No.4

Purpose: Ketogenic diets (KDs) have anti-obesity effects that may be related to glucose control and the gut microbiota. This paper hypothesizes that KD reduces body weight and changes the insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota composition in a mouse model of dietinduced obesity. Methods: In this study, C57BL/6 male mice were assigned randomly to 3 groups. The assigned diets were provided to the control and high-fat (HF) diet groups for 14 weeks. The KD group was given a HF diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity, followed by feeding the KD for the next 6 weeks. Results: After the treatment period, the KD group exhibited a 35.82% decrease in body weight gain compared to the HF group. In addition, the KD group demonstrated enhanced glucose control, as shown by the lower levels of serum fasting glucose, serum fasting insulin, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, compared to the HF group. An analysis of the gut microbiota using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing revealed a significant decrease in the proportion of Firmicutes when the KD was administered. In addition, feeding the KD reduced the overall alpha-diversity measures and caused a notable separation of microbial composition compared to the HF diet group. The KD also led to a decrease in the relative abundance of specific species, such as Acetatifactor_muris, Ligilactobacillus_apodemi, and Muribaculum_intestinale, compared with the HF group. These species were positively correlated with the body weight, whereas the abundant species in the KD group (Kineothrix_alysoides and Saccharofermentans_acetigenes) showed a negative correlation with body weight. Conclusion: The current study presents supporting evidence that KD reduced the body weight and altered the insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota composition in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.

Annealing Effect on the Magnetic Properties for Co-based Amorphous Alloys

Sumin Kim,Haein Choi-Yim 한국자기학회 2016 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.2016 No.11

Soluble Aromatic Poly(amide-imide)s Containing Trifluoromethyl Groups

Sumin Lee,Tae Joon Byun,Byungyong Lee,Sang Youl Kim 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

Incremental Online Learning of Robot Behaviors From Selected Multiple Kinesthetic Teaching Trials

Sumin Cho,Sungho Jo IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics Vol.43 No.3

<P>This paper presents a new approach to the incremental online learning of behaviors by a robot from multiple kinesthetic teaching trials. The approach enables a robot to refine and reproduce a specific behavior every time a new teaching trial is provided and to decide autonomously whether to accept or reject each trial. The robot neglects bad teaching trials and learns a behavior based on adequate teaching trials. The framework of this approach consists of the projection of motion data to a latent space and the description of motion data in a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). To realize the incremental online learning, the latent space and the GMM are refined incrementally after each proper teaching trial. The trial data are discarded after being used. The number of Gaussian components in the GMM is not initially fixed but is autonomously selected by the robot over the trials. The proposed method is more suitable for practical human-robot interaction. The experiments with a humanoid robot show the feasibility of the approach. We demonstrate that the robot can incrementally refine and reproduce learned behaviors that accurately represent the essential characteristics of the teaching trials through our learning algorithm and that it can reject erroneous teaching trials to improve learning performance.</P>