Studies on the Optimum Models of the Dairy Product Kou Woan Lao Using Response Surface Methodology

Weng, Wei-Lien,Liu, Vi-Chung,Lin, Chin-Wen Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.10

Kou Woan Lao is an oriental-style dairy product, which is coagulated by milk-clotting enzyme from the culture filtrate of lao-chao. The product appears smooth, sweet, slightly wine flavour, and the flavour differs from yogurt. The aim of this study was to search for the optimum model to shorten the period of manufacture, and to improve the quality of Kou Woan Lao. A response surface design was used for studying the effects of addition of carrageenan, locust bean gum, and culture filtrate from lao-chao on the curd firmness, viscosity, and syneresis. Results indicated that the best rheological property, preservative quality and acceptability of Kou Woan Lao could be obtained by the combination of 0.22% carrageenan, 0.21 % locust bean gum and 12% culture filtrate from lao-chao. The curd firmness, viscosity and syneresis of resultant product were 29.3 g, 21,347.7 cps, and 8.92%, respectively and the microstructure of the curd revealed a relatively complete three-dimensional spider web-like structure.

LAUNCH TACTICS AND PRODUCT CANNIBALIZATION IN HIGH TECHNOLOGY MARKETS

Chien-Wei Chen,Nai-Hwa Lien 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.1

Product launch is perhaps the most important but risky phase in new product development process (Calantone & Montoya-Weiss, 1993). Product management at the launch phase aims to gain market acceptance, which, in turn, may maximize the chances of profitability (Guiltinan, 1999). One of the hidden, but real, threats for the vast majority of new product launches into a market is cannibalization, which refers to the process by which a new product gains a portion of its sales by diverting sales from an existing product (Harvey & Kerin, 1979;Lomax, Hammond, East, and Clemente, 1997; Traylor, 1986). High-technology markets are characterized by uncertainties that derive from market, technology, and competitive factors (Moriarty & Kosnik, 1989). Different information processing patterns among buyers are likely to emerge in high-technology markets (Capon and Glazer, 1987; Glazer, 1991). Accordingly, marketing strategies and tools are required to adapt to market environments. In response to environmental complexity and turbulence, marketers of high-tech products usually resort to marketing communications to assuage customers’ fear and doubt involved in product adoption (Lee and O’Connor, 2003). Such high-tech marketing practices, in a sense, illuminate signaling theory logic to mitigate uncertainty (Gulati and Higgins, 2003). Drawing on signaling theory, this research is to explore the circumstances under which launch tactics may result in salient product cannibalization. It is proposed that the cannibalization of product launch varies with the interactions between launch tactics and organizational/market factors. The findings of this research indicate that the cannibalization effect of price similarity will be greater for a launching firm possessing great product category strength. The cannibalization effects of preannouncing timing and price similarity tend to be greater in a highly competitive market context, as opposed to a low competitive context. Nevertheless, relative communication effort in support of product launch results in smaller cannibalization under a highly competitive condition. Product cannibalization derived by earlier preannouncements will become greater in a highly technologically turbulent market. This research contributes to the marketing and product management literature in two main respects. First, it represents an initial effort to empirically test the link between tactics in support of product launch and product cannibalization under different firm and market conditions. Second, we advance understanding of the cannibalization effects incurred by launch tactics by adopting a signaling approach. The fit between marketing strategy and its context has significant implications for new product performance, which should be captured in terms of the potential cannibalization between a new product and other products within the same firm, in addition to its sales and profitability. The findings may also offer guidelines for managing launch tactics. To make right decisions on developing appropriate tactics, the firms must accurately evaluate the firm and market characteristics and, simultaneously, take into account the amount of cannibalization caused by different tactics.

LAUNCH TACTICS AND PRODUCT CANNIBALIZATION IN HIGH TECHNOLOGY MARKETS

Chien-Wei Chen,Nai-Hwa Lien 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

Product launch is perhaps the most important but risky phase in new product development process (Calantone & Montoya-Weiss, 1993). Product management at the launch phase aims to gain market acceptance, which, in turn, may maximize the chances of profitability (Guiltinan, 1999). One of the hidden, but real, threats for the vast majority of new product launches into a market is cannibalization, which refers to the process by which a new product gains a portion of its sales by diverting sales from an existing product (Harvey & Kerin, 1979;Lomax, Hammond, East, and Clemente, 1997; Traylor, 1986). High-technology markets are characterized by uncertainties that derive from market, technology, and competitive factors (Moriarty & Kosnik, 1989). Different information processing patterns among buyers are likely to emerge in high-technology markets (Capon and Glazer, 1987; Glazer, 1991). Accordingly, marketing strategies and tools are required to adapt to market environments. In response to environmental complexity and turbulence, marketers of high-tech products usually resort to marketing communications to assuage customers’ fear and doubt involved in product adoption (Lee and O’Connor, 2003). Such high-tech marketing practices, in a sense, illuminate signaling theory logic to mitigate uncertainty (Gulati and Higgins, 2003). Drawing on signaling theory, this research is to explore the circumstances under which launch tactics may result in salient product cannibalization. It is proposed that the cannibalization of product launch varies with the interactions between launch tactics and organizational/market factors. The findings of this research indicate that the cannibalization effect of price similarity will be greater for a launching firm possessing great product category strength. The cannibalization effects of preannouncing timing and price similarity tend to be greater in a highly competitive market context, as opposed to a low competitive context. Nevertheless, relative communication effort in support of product launch results in smaller cannibalization under a highly competitive condition. Product cannibalization derived by earlier preannouncements will become greater in a highly technologically turbulent market. This research contributes to the marketing and product management literature in two main respects. First, it represents an initial effort to empirically test the link between tactics in support of product launch and product cannibalization under different firm and market conditions. Second, we advance understanding of the cannibalization effects incurred by launch tactics by adopting a signaling approach. The fit between marketing strategy and its context has significant implications for new product performance, which should be captured in terms of the potential cannibalization between a new product and other products within the same firm, in addition to its sales and profitability. The findings may also offer guidelines for managing launch tactics. To make right decisions on developing appropriate tactics, the firms must accurately evaluate the firm and market characteristics and, simultaneously, take into account the amount of cannibalization caused by different tactics.

Radio Resource Allocation in GSM/GPRS Networks

Jean-Lien C. Wu,Wei-Yeh Chen,Hung-Huan Liu 한국정보과학회 2002 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2002 No.1

Using the Juice of Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) as Culture Medium to Increase the Cell Density and the Production of Microbial Lipid

Yu-Hsien Lien,Fu-Yao Liu,Jyy-Ning Chen,Yu-Shan Huang,Yu-Hong Wei,Chiyang Yu,Che-Chi Shu 한국생물공학회 2019 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.24 No.2

Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) is one of the most well-known aquatic weeds as it causes problems in watercourses all over the world. This invasive species is fast-growing and thus has the potential for its use in preparing growth medium of microorganisms. Toward it, the pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification are positively the decisive processes. But there are other crucial processes, which are usually ignored by researchers. To the best of my knowledge, this presented work is the first time discovering that the juice obtained from water lettuce is valuable. Except for sterilization, no treatment is needed for the water lettuce’s juice and it can be directly served for cell growth. For Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Bacillus subtilis, Lactococcus Lactis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus plantarum, the cell density in the broth of water lettuce’s juice as the only carbon source is 10-60% higher than that in LB, YPD, BHI, M17, MRS. We then examined the production of microbial lipid by YM prepared in the juice of water lettuce. In comparison to commercial medium YM broth, the YM with juice caused 84% increase in the production of microbial lipid. A simple process of collecting juice notably increased productivity.

Study on Adsorption Desulfurization of Biogas Using Iron Oxide Particles

( Cheng-chang Lien ),( Min-wei Wang ),( Liang-yu Jian ),( Jeng-liang Lin ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

The contained hydrogen sulfide in biogas leads to corrosion of metal equipment. In addition, the high concentration of hydrogen sulfide can also hurt the health of humans and animals. As to be a renewable energy with both environmental protection and safety, biogas must be removed and purified before being used. In this study, a solid-state desulfurization device was designed. The biogas flow through the bottom of the transparent desulfurization column which is made of acrylic glass, the iron oxide particles were placed in the desulfurization column as desulfurizer, change the biogas flow and the height of iron oxide particles in the desulfurization column to experiment on desulfurization, measure the concentration of hydrogen sulfide adsorbed by the iron oxide particles at the above of the desulfurization column, then discuss the change of the hydrogen sulfide removed rate in biogas with the experimental period. The experimental result shows that the removed rate of hydrogen sulfide decreases with the increase of biogas flow, and it also increases with the iron oxide particle height in the desulfurization column, the longer stagnation inside the desulphurization column, will cause the better removed efficiency of hydrogen sulfide. In addition, the removed efficiency of hydrogen sulfide gradually decreases with the increase of the desulfurization period. The average desulfurization efficiency was 95.16% at biogas flow of 25 ℓ / min, iron oxide particle height of 15.3 cm and desulfurization period is 70 minutes.

Simulation and Analysis on Desulfurization of Biogas using Iron Oxide Particles

( Cheng-chang Lien ),( Min-wei Wang ),( Ming-hong Ke ),( Tong-bao Zhang ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Biogas has a great potential for renewable energy, it contained with hydrogen sulfide which can cause metal equipment corrosion. Therefore the Hydrogen sulfide must be remove before uses biogas, in order to remove hydrogen sulfide in biogas that let biogas passed through the desulfurization column during field application. Inside of the desulfurization column has the certain height of iron oxide particles, Hydrogen sulfide in biogas will generates adsorption reaction on the surface of the iron oxide particles and forms iron sulfide to achieve the purpose of biogas purification. The purpose of this study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation to simulate the desulfurization column at a certain amount of biogas to obtain the pressure between the inlet and the outlet of the desulfurization column, and also obtained the airflow velocity profile inside the desulfurization column. The results of this simulation are compared with the actual measured pressure data, it shows that both have a good consistency. For further, improve the upper end of the exit of the desulfurization column to an inverted funnel shape for comparative analysis, it found that the flow in the inverted funnel at the top of the desulfurization column has obviously slowed down which means the sudden contraction (sudden unremitting). This result will provide help to improve a uniformity of the air velocity in the non-central region of the desulfurization column, in order to promote the iron oxide particles of its effective utilization of biogas desulfurization.

Study on Simulation Analysis of Reduce Speed Effect for Wind Nets in Front of Crop

( Cheng-chang Lien ),( Zhu-yun Yeh ),( Wei-ling Sun ),( Jeng-liang Lin ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Due to frequent strong winds from its geographical location in Taiwan, which caused serious damage to vegetables and fruit trees, leading to a large loss of agricultural production. Wind nets can be used to reduce the wind speed in front of fruits and vegetables in order to reduce the impact of wind speed. The purpose of this study is to use Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD), CFD simulation Software was used to simulate wind tunnel experiments with wind nets before fruits and vegetables to understand the wind tunnel with different ventilation rates under certain wind speed 40 m/s, to simulate the change of wind speed and the distribution of flow field behind the wind nets, Analyze and analyze the change of wind field and the effect of reducing the wind. The size of the wind net was 12m^*6m. According to the CFD simulation results, when the strong wind blows through the wind nets, a negative pressure zone will be generated at a horizontal distance of 0h to 10h in the windshield leeway, and the height of the negative pressure zone will gradually decrease as the horizontal distance increases. The height of the negative pressure zone also decreases with the increase of the ventilation rate of the windbreak. In addition, the analysis results show that the ventilation rate of 40% of the windbreak, the negative pressure vortex gradually disappear, and have the best effect of reducing the wind.

Simulation Analysis of Reducing Wind Effect for Windbreak Fence in front of Simple Greenhouse

( Cheng-chang Lien ),( Wei-ling-sun ),( Jeng-liang Lin ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Wind damage refers to the direct and indirect damages by strong wind speed to agricultural production. Due to the geographical location of Taiwan, strong winds often destroy simple greenhouse and caused enormous losses of agricultural production. In order to reduce the wind velocity, a windbreak fence installed in front of the simple greenhouse to reduce the wind velocity. The protection zone is defined as the area where the wind velocity is reduced at least 60%. The purpose of this study is simulated the stream flow field for the fence in front of simple greenhouse on wind tunnel experiment using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the fence is arranged in front of simple greenhouse, and using different wind velocity. The fence with different porosity and tilt angle would be measured each of the flow field distribution and wind velocity behind the fence and also discuss the size protection zone. The result of this simulation shows that the difference porosity of the fence will affect the size of the protected zone. The protection zone will extend 6 to 10 times height of the fence (h). As the porosity of the fence increases, the airflow becomes less complex and the vortex in the protected zone disappears gradually. The height of the protected zone decreases with the increase of the horizontal distance, and it also decreases by the increase of the porosity of the fence. The height of the protected zone decreases slightly by the increase of the tilt angle of the fence. In addition, it is found that the fence with a tilt angle of 0 and a porosity 40% has larger protection zone, while a fence with a tilt angle of 0 and a porosity 0% is prone to cause facilities damage because of the large return flow.

Blockchain for Bounded-Error-Pruned Content Protection

Ray-I. Chang,Lien-Chen Wei,Chia-Hui Wang,Yu-Kai Tseng 한국통신학회 2021 ICT Express Vol.7 No.3

IoT content usually comes from power-constrained sensors and requires applying different levels of protection. We design a bounded-error-pruned IoT content market (BIoTCM) framework with preserving privacy protection (BEPDPP) scheme using blockchain smart contract. According to payment level applied in smart contract of BIoTCM, our BEPDPP will prune original data within a given level of bounded-error to provide different resolutions of content for consumers. As the real data is intrinsically hidden, content protection is provided with privacy-preserving. Experimental results generated by five different types of IoT content demonstrate that our content protection solution is cost-effective in sensor lifetime.