Changing incidence and survival of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database (2000-2017)

Hassam Ali,Brandon Tedder,Syed Hamza Waqar,Rana Mohamed,Edward Lawson Cate,Eslam Ali Korean Association of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Su 2022 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.26 No.3

Backgrounds/Aims: Historically, the incidence and prognosis of patients diagnosed with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) have been inadequately understood. Survival analysis in ICC has yet to be investigated in a population-based study. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) 18 Registry. Risk ratios were estimated via Poisson regression. Hazard ratios for 5-year survival were estimated using hierarchical Cox regression models. Results: Males show a higher rate of age-adjusted ICC incidence. Blacks carried a decreased risk of ICC diagnosis than Whites, while Asians revealed a higher risk of ICC diagnosis when compared with Whites. The observed survival rates at 12, 36, and 60 months were 36.3%, 12.8%, and 8.1%, respectively. Compared with Whites, Blacks showed an increased risk of death (p < 0.01). Lymph node resection during surgery was associated with a 64.1% reduced risk of mortality (p < 0.01). A higher T stage at diagnosis was associated with poor survival (p < 0.01). Surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy was associated with a reduced risk of mortality compared with nonsurgical interventions (p < 0.01). Conclusions: ICC incidence has been increasing since 2000, especially in White males. The risk of ICC rises with age. Lymph node removal is associated with better survival. In recent years, survival had worsened, and surgical intervention improved survival compared with nonsurgical management.

In-vitro assessment of food consumption, utilization indices and losses promises of leafworm, Spodoptera litura (Fab.), on okra crop

Ahmad Nawaz,Habib Ali,Muhammad Sufyan,Muhammad Dildar Gogi,Muhammad Jalal Arif,Abid Ali,Muhammad Qasim,Waqar Islam,Noman Ali,Imran Bodla,Madiha Zaynab,Khalid Ali Khan,Hamed A. Ghramh 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.1

The lepidopteran insect pests have significant importance in vegetable production. The present study was performed to investigate the baseline studies about the assessment of feeding and consumption potential, utilization indices and losses promises of leafworm, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) on Okra. The data regarding feeding potential, food utilization and consumption indices as well as losses of different larval instars were recorded and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The results showed that, in the beginning, the approximate digestibility of various instars was increase, e.g. third instar (51.36%–64.03%), fourth instar (63.42%–69.45%) and fifth instar (70.25%–76.10%). However, after a certain period, the digestibility was decreased and efficiency to convert the ingested food into biomass varied significantly. The consumption index values increased with an increase in time but the consumption and growth rate was declined of fourth instar larvae. The ingestion and digestion increased of third (10.01–13.06, 8.32–11.91 mg), fourth (11.27–17.28, 10.96–14.03 mg) and fifth (12.60–19.40, 11.93–15.28 mg) larval instars. The corrected weight of consumed leaves increased with a gain in body weight. However, in the third instar, a decline was observed on the last day of feeding. Maximum leaf area was consumed by fifth instar larvae (44.66 cm 2 ) followed by fourth (35.41 cm 2 ) and third (27.98 cm 2 ) instars. In conclusion, all the dependent parameters, including food utilization potential, consumption indices and losses were higher for fifth instar larvae than others. These results emphasized the re-establishment of fundamental (economic threshold level: ETL, economic injury level: EIL) integrated pest management concepts.

A Fault Tolerant Data Management Scheme for Healthcare Internet of Things in Fog Computing

( Waqar Saeed ),( Zulfiqar Ahmad ),( Ali I. Jehangiri ),( Nader Mohamed ),( Arif I. Umar ),( Jamil Ahmad ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.1

Fog computing aims to provide the solution of bandwidth, network latency and energy consumption problems of cloud computing. Likewise, management of data generated by healthcare IoT devices is one of the significant applications of fog computing. Huge amount of data is being generated by healthcare IoT devices and such types of data is required to be managed efficiently, with low latency, without failure, and with minimum energy consumption and low cost. Failures of task or node can cause more latency, maximum energy consumption and high cost. Thus, a failure free, cost efficient, and energy aware management and scheduling scheme for data generated by healthcare IoT devices not only improves the performance of the system but also saves the precious lives of patients because of due to minimum latency and provision of fault tolerance. Therefore, to address all such challenges with regard to data management and fault tolerance, we have presented a Fault Tolerant Data management (FTDM) scheme for healthcare IoT in fog computing. In FTDM, the data generated by healthcare IoT devices is efficiently organized and managed through well-defined components and steps. A two way fault-tolerant mechanism i.e., task-based fault-tolerance and node-based fault-tolerance, is provided in FTDM through which failure of tasks and nodes are managed. The paper considers energy consumption, execution cost, network usage, latency, and execution time as performance evaluation parameters. The simulation results show significantly improvements which are performed using iFogSim. Further, the simulation results show that the proposed FTDM strategy reduces energy consumption 3.97%, execution cost 5.09%, network usage 25.88%, latency 44.15% and execution time 48.89% as compared with existing Greedy Knapsack Scheduling (GKS) strategy. Moreover, it is worthwhile to mention that sometimes the patients are required to be treated remotely due to non-availability of facilities or due to some infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Thus, in such circumstances, the proposed strategy is significantly efficient.

Fault-Aware Dual-Layer Adaptive Error Control Technique for NoC

Waqar Amin,Naveed Khan Baloch,Jawad Ali Khan,Muhammad Iram Baig 한국산학기술학회 2015 SmartCR Vol.5 No.6

The network-on-a-chip (NoC) appeared as a promising solution to handle the communications requirements of the multiprocessor system-on-a-chip (MPSoC). As the complexity of designs rises and the technology scales down into the deep-submicron domain, the probability of errors in the NoC components increases. Fault tolerance is a vital aspect in designing NoC architectures for future MPSoCs. This paper proposes an adaptive fault-tolerant technique that is a hybrid end-to-end and hop-to-hop, offering benefits of both error control schemes, and introduces a fault-aware adaptive selective hop-to-hop error correction scheme. The proposed technique ensures improvement in reliability by reducing the latency of the network in low transient–noise conditions.

Synthesis of Novel Quinoxalinone Derivatives by Conventional and Microwave Methods and Assessing their Biological Activity

Waqar Nasir,Munawar Ali Munawar,Ejaz Ahmed,Ahsan Sharif,Saeed Ahmed,Amjad Ayub,Misbahul Ain Khan,Faizul Hassan Nasim 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.10

In this study, twenty-one arylaminoquinoxalinone derivatives were synthesized and their antibacterial activities against Staphylococci aureus, Pseudomonas aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella pneumoniae were evaluated relative to known antibiotics; augmentin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol. The insecticidal activities of the prepared compounds were also investigated against Tribolium castaneum using permethrin as a standard insecticide. The derivatives were synthesized using both conventional and microwave techniques. Their structures were confirmed using spectral techniques and elemental analysis.

Disturbance Observer Based Robust Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Nihad Ali,Ateeq Ur Rehman,Waqar Alam,Hamid Maqsood 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.6

This paper addresses speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motor under load torque perturbations. The mathematical model is derived using park’s transformation. The load torque disturbance is considered unknown bounded, and states variables are available in feedback. In order to achieve robust speed performance, sliding mode control (SMC) is introduced. However, it is noted that conventional SMC does not provide satisfactory performance under load torque disturbances. To end this, a novel control strategy called disturbance observer SMC (DOSMC) is formulated. It includes an observer that ofers a tool to vanish the efect of load torque. The DOSMC technique has two distinguished characteristics: frst, the design gains are needed to be greater than the maximum limit of disturbance estimation error instead of disturbances, second; the proposed observer estimates load disturbances and provide a compensator to update sliding surface and control input. The stability analysis of overall control system is verifed using Lyapunov theorem. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink proves efcacy of the proposed scheme.

Crohn's Disease with Fistula: 10 Year Trends and Mortality in the United States

( Hassam Ali ),( Rizwan Ishtiaq ),( Muhammad Waqar Hanif ),( Rahul Pamarthy ),( Muhammad Hassan Farooq ),( Muhammad Fahd Farooq ) 대한소화기학회 2022 대한소화기학회지 Vol.80 No.3

Background/Aims: Crohn’s disease (CD) results in significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. This study evaluated the temporal trends of CD hospitalizations with a fistula over the last decade to understand the outcomes of severe CD. Methods: National Inpatient Sample database from 2009 to 2019 was used to identify CD hospitalizations with a fistula. The outcomes of interest included temporal trend analysis of length of stay (LOS), mean inpatient cost (MIC), and mortality. Results: There was an increase in the total number of fistulizing CD hospitalizations from 5,386 in 2009 to 12,900 in 2019 (p<0.01). The mean age decreased from 44.9±0.6 to 41.8±0.4 years for the study period (p<0.01). Caucasians were the predominant ethnicity, followed by Africans, Hispanics, and others (p<0.001). The mean LOS for fistulizing CD hospitalizations decreased significantly from 11.57±0.09 days in 2009 to 7.20±0.05 days in 2019 (p<0.001). There was a significant decrease in inpatient mortality from 1.72% in 2009 to 0.73% in 2019 (p<0.01). The MIC did not have a significant trend. There was a decreasing trend toward partial/total colectomies, rectosigmoid, and small bowel surgeries from 2009 to 2019 (p<0.001). Conclusions: There has been a rise in CD hospitalizations with fistulizing disease in the last decade. Despite this, the mortality and inpatient LOS have been decreasing significantly. In addition, the increase in CD hospitalizations with fistulizing disease has had no significant effect on hospital costs. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2022;80:142-148)

How Vegetation Spatially Alters the Response of Precipitation and Air Temperature? Evidence from Pakistan

Afed Ullah Khan Waqar Ahmad,Muhammad Far Fayaz Ahmad Khan,Baig Ammar Ahmad,Shah Liaqat Ali,Khan Jehanzeb 한국대기환경학회 2020 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.14 No.2

Precipitation, air temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data of 32 sites for a period of 1983 to till date in Pakistan were collected with the objective of studying the effects of vegetation on precipitation and air temperature in Pakistan. Spatial trends were assessed for NDVI, precipitation and air temperature (maximum and minimum). Increasing trends were observed at 18, 20, 24 and 26 number of monitoring stations for NDVI, precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature respectively. The trends of NDVI were compared with the trends of precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature in hilly and urban areas. NDVI and precipitation showed parallel trends in hilly areas at 64% of the monitoring stations. Whereas, only 53% of the stations displayed parallel trends in urban areas. 71% of the stations showed opposite NDVI and maximum temperature trends and 79% of the stations showed opposite NDVI and minimum temperature trends in hilly areas. However, in urban areas only 47% and 41% of the stations showed opposite trends of NDVI and maximum temperature and NDVI and minimum temperature respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the effects of vegetation on precipitation and air temperature (maximum and minimum) in hilly and urban areas. The results showed that there exists positive relationship between NDVI and precipitation and negative relationship between NDVI and temperature (maximum and minimum) in most of the hilly areas. However, in urban areas, the positive relationship between NDVI and precipitation exists only in 47% of the stations and negative relationships between NDVI and maximum temperature and between NDVI and minimum temperature exist only in 47% and 41% of the stations respectively. Results of the current study suggest afforestation practices at country level to reduce climate change effects.

A comprehensive review on inverter topologies and control strategies for grid connected photovoltaic system

Zeb, Kamran,Uddin, Waqar,Khan, Muhammad Adil,Ali, Zunaib,Ali, Muhammad Umair,Christofides, Nicholas,Kim, H.J. Elsevier 2018 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.94 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The application of Photovoltaic (PV) in the distributed generation system is acquiring more consideration with the developments in power electronics technology and global environmental concerns. Solar PV is playing a key role in consuming the solar energy for the generation of electric power. The use of solar PV is growing exponentially due to its clean, pollution-free, abundant, and inexhaustible nature. In grid-connected PV systems, significant attention is required in the design and operation of the inverter to achieve high efficiency for diverse power structures. The requirements for the grid-connected inverter include; low total harmonic distortion of the currents injected into the grid, maximum power point tracking, high efficiency, and controlled power injected into the grid. The performance of the inverters connected to the grid depends mainly on the control scheme applied. In this review, the global status of the PV market, classification of the PV system, configurations of the grid-connected PV inverter, classification of various inverter types, and topologies are discussed, described and presented in a schematic manner. A concise summary of the control methods for single- and three-phase inverters has also been presented. In addition, various controllers applied to grid-tied inverter are thoroughly reviewed and compared. Finally, the criteria for the selection of inverters and the future trends are comprehensively presented.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The global PV market and classification of PV systems. </LI> <LI> Various inverter topologies presented in a schematic manner. </LI> <LI> Review of the control techniques for single- and three-phase inverters. </LI> <LI> Selection guide for choosing an appropriate inverter topology based on specific application. </LI> </UL> </P>

Significance of Chemical Processes and Non-uniform Heat Sink/source Aspects for Time-dependent Polymer Liquid Carrying Nanoparticles

Zubair Hussain,Mehboob Ali,Waqar Azeem Khan 한국자기학회 2022 Journal of Magnetics Vol.27 No.4

Owing to extensive application developments of nanofluid, the engineers and scientists have concentrated their attention in regions of thermal and engineering processes. Additionally, nanofluids have wide-ranging returns as compared to traditional fluids. Keeping aforementioned logicality of nanofluid in observation, we deliberated a time-varying mathematical model to formulate the non-uniform heat sink-source assume Sutterby liquid over Brownian movements and thermophoretic. Thermal- solutal stratification phenomenon in addition with heat sink-source and activation energy aspects are scrutinized. Characteristics of random motion and thermophoresis diffusion properties for Sutterby fluid are examined. Similarity variable techniques are used to reduce partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations and solved numerically by using bvp4c method. The physical aspects of fluid flow, temperature, concentration for variation of involved parameters have been explained through graphs. Velocity of Sutterby nanofluid has contrary performances against unsteady and mixed convection parameters. Augmented values of Brownian moment, thermophoresis and heat source parameters exaggerate the temperature of nanofluid. Concentration of Sutterby nanofluid deteriorates for greater Schmidt number. Moreover, transportation rate of heat dwindles against Pr while it rises against Nt.